Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose injectable dexlansoprazole in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal ulcer hemorrhage.Methods:This study was a randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel controlled, multicenter clinical trial led by the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changhai Hospital), with participation from 43 hospitals such as Yichun People′s Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA (Chongqing Daping Hospital), etc. From August 31, 2019 to May 25, 2020, 346 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by acute gastric and (or) duodenal ulcer were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to a 2 to 1 stratification scheme using the SAS 9.4 software. The medication regimen for the experimental group was intravenous injection of dexlansoprazole 30 mg/times, once every 12 h, while the medication regimen for the control group was intravenous injection of lansoprazole and dexlansoprazole mimetics, 30 mg/times, once every 12 h; the treatment course was 5 days. The primary efficacy indicator (72 h effective hemostasis rate), the secondary efficacy indicator(clinical hemostasis rate at 24, 48, and 120 h, and the proportion of subjects who underwent endoscopic treatment or surgical procedures again due to hemorrhage within 5 days), and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. Binomial distribution normal approximation method was performed to calculate the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the difference in hemostasis rate between the experimental group and the control group. Fisher′s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 329 patients (219 cases in the experimental group and 110 cases in the control group) were enrolled. The 72 h effective hemostasis rate (95% CI) of the experimental and control group was 95.9%(210/219, 92.3% to 98.1%) and 93.6%(103/110, 87.3% to 97.4%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The difference in the 72-hour effective hemostasis rate(95% CI) between the experimental and the control group was 2.3% (-3.0% to 7.5%). The clinical hemostasis rates at 24, 48, and 120 h of the treatment were 82.2% (176/214), 99.1%(210/212), and 100.0%(210/210) in the experimental group, and 85.2%(92/108), 98.1%(104/106), and 100.0%(105/105) in the control group, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The proportion of subjects who underwent endoscopic treatment and surgical procedure again within 5 days (95% CI)of the experimental group and control group was 0 (0 to 1.7%) and 1.9% (0.2% to 6.5%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The result of safety evaluation showed that the overall incidence of adverse reactions of the experimental group and the control group was 6.4% (14/219) and 11.8% (13/110), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:High dose injectable dexlansoloprazole is an effective and safe treatment for upper gastrointestinal ulcer hemorrhage, and suitable for clinical application.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and clinical phenotype of the concomitant extragenital malformations in the patients with female reproductive tract anomalies.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted using clinical data of hospitalized patients diagnosed with uterine, cervical, or vaginal malformations from January 2003 to December 2022 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The malformations were classified according to American Society for Reproductive Medicine müllerian anomalies classification 2021, and in each type, the incidence and specific manifestations of concomitant extragnital malformations were analyzed.Results:A total of 444 patients were included. The overall incidence of concomitant extragenital malformations was 43.5% (193/444), including urinary system, skeletal system, and other system malformations. Renal malformations on the obstructed side were present in all patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome (100.0%, 78/78). The total incidence of concomitant extragnital malformations was as high as 8/11 in uterus didelphys, 43.5% (10/23) in unicornuate uterus, 33.6% (79/235) in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, 18.8% (6/32) in septate uterus and 18.5% (12/65) in cervical agenesis. Urinary system malformations (30.6%, 136/444) and skeletal system malformations (13.5%, 60/444) were the most common concomitant malformations in all types, in which, unilateral renal agenesis and scoliosis were the most common.Conclusions:Urinary and skeletal system malformations are important features of female reproductive tract anomalies. Urologic ultrasonography and spinal roentgenogram are recommended for all patients with female reproductive tract anomalies.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose injectable dexlansoprazole in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal ulcer hemorrhage.Methods:This study was a randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel controlled, multicenter clinical trial led by the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changhai Hospital), with participation from 43 hospitals such as Yichun People′s Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA (Chongqing Daping Hospital), etc. From August 31, 2019 to May 25, 2020, 346 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by acute gastric and (or) duodenal ulcer were selected. The subjects were randomly divided into experimental group and control group according to a 2 to 1 stratification scheme using the SAS 9.4 software. The medication regimen for the experimental group was intravenous injection of dexlansoprazole 30 mg/times, once every 12 h, while the medication regimen for the control group was intravenous injection of lansoprazole and dexlansoprazole mimetics, 30 mg/times, once every 12 h; the treatment course was 5 days. The primary efficacy indicator (72 h effective hemostasis rate), the secondary efficacy indicator(clinical hemostasis rate at 24, 48, and 120 h, and the proportion of subjects who underwent endoscopic treatment or surgical procedures again due to hemorrhage within 5 days), and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. Binomial distribution normal approximation method was performed to calculate the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the difference in hemostasis rate between the experimental group and the control group. Fisher′s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 329 patients (219 cases in the experimental group and 110 cases in the control group) were enrolled. The 72 h effective hemostasis rate (95% CI) of the experimental and control group was 95.9%(210/219, 92.3% to 98.1%) and 93.6%(103/110, 87.3% to 97.4%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The difference in the 72-hour effective hemostasis rate(95% CI) between the experimental and the control group was 2.3% (-3.0% to 7.5%). The clinical hemostasis rates at 24, 48, and 120 h of the treatment were 82.2% (176/214), 99.1%(210/212), and 100.0%(210/210) in the experimental group, and 85.2%(92/108), 98.1%(104/106), and 100.0%(105/105) in the control group, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The proportion of subjects who underwent endoscopic treatment and surgical procedure again within 5 days (95% CI)of the experimental group and control group was 0 (0 to 1.7%) and 1.9% (0.2% to 6.5%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The result of safety evaluation showed that the overall incidence of adverse reactions of the experimental group and the control group was 6.4% (14/219) and 11.8% (13/110), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusion:High dose injectable dexlansoloprazole is an effective and safe treatment for upper gastrointestinal ulcer hemorrhage, and suitable for clinical application.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with spinal fractures with thoracic and lumbar fracture as the most common type shows characteristics of unstable fracture, high incidence of nerve injury, high mortality and high disability rate. The diagnosis may be missed because it is mostly caused by low-energy injury, when spinal rigidity and osteoporosis have a great impact on the accuracy of imaging examination. At the same time, the treatment choices are controversial, with no relevant specifications. Non-operative treatments can easily lead to bone nonunion, pseudoarthrosis and delayed nerve injury, while surgeries may be failed due to internal fixation failure. At present, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture. In this context, the Spinal Trauma Academic Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture ( version 2023) by following the principles of evidence-based medicine and systematically review related literatures. Ten recommendations on the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, classification and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture were put forward, aiming to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such disorder.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Objective:To compare the thickness of the macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) in patients with a history of laser photocoagulation (LP) versus intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From June 2020 to January 2021, 70 eyes of 35 children with a history of surgery for ROP in Shenzhen Eye Hospital were included in the study. Among them, 18 males had 36 eyes, and 17 females had 34 eyes. The average age was 5.54±1.04 years. There were 18 patients (36 eyes) in LP group and 17 patients (34 eyes) in IVR group. There was no significant difference in age ( t=-1.956), sexual composition ratio ( χ2=0.030), birth gestational age ( t=-1.316) and birth weight ( t=-1.060) between the two groups ( P=0.059, 0.862, 0.197, 0.297). All the eyes underwent the examination of optical coherence tomography (OCT). An elliptical region of 14.13 mm 2 centered on macular fovea was scanned according to the macular cube 512×128 model of the Cirrus HD-OCT 5000. The software was used to automatically divide macular fovea into six sectors (superior, inferior, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasal-inferior) and the average and minimum thickness of mGCIPL. t test was used to compared mGCIPL thickness between two groups using independent samples. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between mGCIPL thickness and age, birth gestational age, birth weight. Results:Patients in IVR group had significantly decreased mGCIPL thickness than that in LP group in the six sectors (superior, inferior, temporal-superior, temporal-inferior, nasal-superior and nasal-inferior) and the average and minimum ( t=6.484, 6.719, 7.682, 7.697, 5.151, 5.008, 7.148, 6.581; P<0.05). The thickness of mGCIPL was not significantly correlated with age, birth gestational age, birth weight ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The thickness of mGCIPL in patients with IVR treatment history is thinner than that in LP treatment.