Objective To establish a method to compare the difference of exposure component of oral taking different part ofPueraria Lobata (Willd.) Ohwi in intestine.Methods After the incubation of puerarin,extraction Radix Puerariae and Flos Puerariae with S9,the mixtures were centrifuged to get the supernatant for analysis with HPLC.Results The research showed that the metabolic rate of puerarin was higher than that of extractions because of the concentration of enzyme.The difference between the fingerprints of Radix Puerariae and Flos Puerariae Lobata indicated that there was a difference of chemical components in such two parts of Kudzuvine Root.Conclusion The profile of intestinal metabolism can be revealed in the research of gut wall metabolism in the course of intestinal absorption by S9 incubation.

Objective To compare the dissolution of Chuangxiong powder in different medium and discuss the dissolution characteristics in vitro of Changxiong powder. Methods The paddle method was adopted, the UV spectrophotometric method was developed to determine the in vitro dissolution quantity of Changxiong powder in five medium (water, 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer of pH 4.5, phosphate buffer of pH 6.8, phosphate buffer of pH 7.4) with ferulic acid as index, and evaluated by drawing the dissolution curve and using the similar factor method and Weibull model. Results The dissolution quantity of Changxiong oral powder in five medium was different. The dissolution quantity in water, 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer of pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 was similar and fit Weibull model, but it mutated in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and reached the maximum amount at 30 min. Conclusion The dissolution quantity of Changxiong powder is gradually increasing and the time is shorted in the medium from acidic to neutral then to alkaline. Dissolution curve is similar in the acidic and neutral medium. Changxiong powder dissolves out fast and completely in the alkaline medium.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacterium that causes listeriosis mainly in immunocompromised hosts. It can also cause foodborne outbreaks and has the ability to adapt to various environments. Peptide uptake in gram-positive bacteria is enabled by oligopeptide permeases (Opp) in a process that depends on ATP hydrolysis by OppD and F.Previously a putative protein Lmo2193 was predicted to be OppD, but little is known about the role of OppD in major processes of L. monocytogenes, such as growth, virulence, and biofilm formation. Objectives: To determine whether the virulence traits of L. monocytogenes are related to OppD. Methods: In this study, Lmo2193 gene deletion and complementation strains of L. monocytogenes were generated and compared with a wild-type strain for the following: adhesiveness, invasion ability, intracellular survival, proliferation, 50% lethal dose (LD50) to mice, and the amount bacteria in the mouse liver, spleen, and brain. Results: The results showed that virulence of the deletion strain was 1.34 and 0.5 orders of magnitude higher than that of the wild-type and complementation strains, respectively.The function of Lmo2193 was predicted and verified as OppD from the ATPase superfamily.Deletion of lmo2193 affected the normal growth of L. monocytogenes, reduced its virulence in cells and mice, and affected its ability to form biofilms. Conclusions Deletion of the oligopeptide transporter Lmo2193 decreases the virulence of L. monocytogenes. These effects may be related to OppD's function, which provides a new perspective on the regulation of oligopeptide transporters in L. monocytogenes.