BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) plays a key role in regulating expressions of cytokines and adhesion factors during transcription and in central adjustment during corneal graft rejection reaction.OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamic expressions of NF-κB, intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in corneal graft and to investigate the interventional effect of cyclosporin A (CsA). DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal study was performed in the Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, the First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January and July 2005.MATERIALS: 40 SD rats and 50 Wistar rats were included and randomly divided into three groups, syngenic transplantation (10 Wistar rats used as donor and another 20 Wistar rats used as acceptor), allogeneic transplantation (10 Wistar rats used as donor, and 20 SD rats used as acceptor), and allogeneic transplantation+CsA treatment (10 Wistar rats used as donor, and 20 SD rats used as acceptor).METHODS: Comeal transplantation models were established. Gentamicin (2 000 U) was subconjunctivally injected into the experimental eyes of all ecceptors every other day for three times in total; chloroptic (2.5 g/L) was then used two droplets every time, twice a day, and 18 successive days in total; additionally, tropicamide (5 g/L) was also used two droplets every time, once a day, and 7 successive days in total. One day after corneal transplantation, CsA eye droplet (10 g/L) was used in the allogeneic transplantation+CsA treatment group two droplets every time, three times a day, and 18 successive days in total.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores of corneal graft rejection reaction index were measured at day 3, 7, 12, and 18 after corneal transplantation; pathological changes of corneal graft were observed at the same time points to detect expressions of NF-κB, ICAM-1, and VEGF.RESULTS: Rejection reaction was not observed in the syngenic transplantation group at 18 days; however, indexes of rejection reaction in the allogeneic transplantation group were higher than those in the syngenic transplantation group at four time points (P<0.05), but indexes in the allogeneic transplantation+CsA treatment group were lower than those in the allogeneic transplantation group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical examination indicated that NF-κB, ICAM-1, and VEGF were located at corneal epithelial lamina and substantia propria layer and in newborn vascular endothelial cells. At each time point, expressions of NF-κB, ICAM-1, and VEGF in the allogeneic transplantation group were higher than those in the syngenic transplantation group (P<0.05) but lower than those in the allogeneic transplantation+CsA treatment group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: CsA can weaken nuclear translocation and activity of NF-κB to inhibit expressions of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and other relative factors so as to inhibit ccurrence and development of corneal graft rejection reaction.

BACKGROUND:Corneal neovascularization not only seriously affects vision, it is also a high-risk factor for the rejection after allogeneic ceratoplasty, thus it is always a hot issue and in ophthalmology to investigate the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization and the inhibitors for blocking its formation.OBJECTIVE: To induce model of corneal neovascularization in rats using nylon suture, and investigate the mechanism of nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) in the occurrence and development of corneal neovascularization using dexamethasone as the glucocorticoid inhibitor for corneal neovascularization.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January to April 2005. Fifty-five healthy male Wistar rats of clean degree were used. Rabbit-anti-rat NF-кB P65 monoclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-rat vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)monoclonal antibodies, and 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) kit were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd.METHODS: ① Interventions: The rats were randomly divided in the saline control group (n =25), dexamethasone group(n =25) and normal comea group (n =5). Corneal neovascularization using nylon suture was induced in rats in the saline control group and dexamethasone group, and then saline and dexamethasone was dropped to the right eye of the rats respectively, 2 drops for each time, 3 times a day for 18 days. Not any treatment was given to the rats in the normal cornea group. ② Evaluations: The score of corneal neovascularization was evaluated in the saline control group and dexamethasone group at 1, 3, 7, 12 and 18 days postoperatively. Corneal sections were prepared to observe the histological changes of cornea under light microscope; The expressions of NF-кB, VEGF and ICAM-1 were detected with immunohistochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Score of corneal neovascularization; ② Histological changes of cornea; ③ Expressions of NF-кB, VEGF and ICAM-1 in cornea.RESULTS: ① Score of corneal neovascularization: The corneal neovascularization was obviously inhibited, and scores of corneal neovascularization at different time points were all significantly lower than those in the saline control group (P ＜0.05-0.01). ② Histological changes of cornea: In the dexamethasone group, corneal neuvascularization and the infiltration of inflammatory cells after suture were obviously alleviated as compared with those in the control group, and the corneal structures in each layer were relatively complete. ③ Expressions of NF-кB, VEGF and ICAM-1 in cornea: In the dexamethasone group, the expressions of NF-кB, VEGF and ICAM-1 at each time points were all lower than those in the saline control group (P ＜ 0.05). The intensity of the expression of NF-кB was positively correlated with the score of corneal neovascularization and the expressions of ICAM-1 and VEGF (r =0.961, 0.922, 0.958, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: NF-кB is involved in the formation of corneal neovascularization possibly through upregulating the expressions of its downstream genes (VEGF, ICAM-1). Dexamethasone can inhibit the expressions of many factors related to corneal neovascularization regulated by NF-кB, including cytokines and adhesion molecules, through reducing the activity of NF-кB, and then suppresses the occurrence and development of corneal neovascularization.

Recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in vitreoretinal surgery.The treatment of vitreoretinal diseases has increased enormously and its related indications expanded widely with the contribution of the emerging novel technologies,methods,equipment and new ideas.Attaching importance to minimally invasive surgery,application of auxiliary drugs,development of improved equipment and surgical technique were the main features. Further basic and clinical research is necessary to promote innovation and development of vitreoretinal surgery in China to keep pace with and surpass advanced technology.

Objective:To investigate the Psychosomatic symptoms and coping styles and their influences on quality of life in chronic Hepatitis B.Methods:The Chronic Hepatitis Disease Questionnair(CLDQ),Symptoms Checklist(SCL-90) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnair(MCMQ) were administered to 152 Chronic Hepatitis B.Results:The scores of SCL-90 of the patients were found to be different from the norm and the normal controls and negatively correlated with scores of CLDQ for all domains.The patients had a lower Confronce score and higher Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation scores compared with the norm,and there was negative correlation between the scores of negative coping styles and the quality of life.Conclusion:The psychosomatic symptoms and the negative coping styles of chronic Hepatitis B can influence their quality of life.

Objective: To explore the symptomatology of cluster-B personality disorders from perspective of the Five-Factor Model (FFM).Methods:PDQ +4 was administered to college students and minor criminals to screen cluster-B subjects, Cluster-B patients were then diagnosed by conducting interview using PDI-IV.FFM of the subjects are measured with NEO-PI-R.Results:Cluster-B patients scored higher in Neuroticism(62.0?10.6), and lower in, Agreeableness(38.4?11.5) and Conscientiousness (38.4?11.2)than normal adult.Extraversion(45.9?11.5)and Openness to Experience(45.0?9.3)are near the lower limits.Bivariate analysis between PDI-Ⅳ and NEO-PI-R showed that APD negatively correlated with Agreeableness (r=-0.25,P

Objective: To explore Five-Factor Model personality traits of OCD patients who also diagnosed with personality disorders. Methods:SCID-I/P was administrated to diagnose OCD patients. PDQ+4 and PDI-IV were then administrated to 44 OCD subjects to determine whether they also suffered from personality disorders. FFM (five factor model of personality) of the subjects were measured with NEO-PI-R.Results: 32 of 44 (72%) OCD patients also met DSM-IV-TR criteria for personality disorder. Subjects with PDs demonstrated high Neuroticism (67.9?7.7), low Extraversion (39.0?10.2), low Agreeableness (42.6?7.7), low Conscientiousness (39.3?12.4), and normal Openness to Experience (45.9?8.8). Subjects without PDs, however, scored normally except for low Openness to Experiences (38.3?13.4).Conclusion: Deviant FFM characters of OCD patients with PDs suggesting that they often experience neglect emotion, introversion, and interpersonal confliction. Low openness to experiences of subjects without PDs indicates that they lack of curiosity, have relatively narrow interest and conservative ideas.

Objective: To explore childhood traumatic experiences of OCD patients who were also diagnosed personality disorders (PDs) and those without PDs. Methods:SCID-I/P was administrated to diagnose OCD patients. PDQ+4 and PDI-IV were then administrated to 44 OCD subjects to determine whether they also suffered from personality disorders. Childhood maltreatment experiences of the sample were measured with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).50 normal control were also collected and subjected to CTQ-SF tests. Results:32 of 44 (72%) OCD patients also met DSM-IV criteria for personality disorders. OCD patients scored significantly higher than normal control in CTQ-SF (Childhood Truma Questionuaire-28 Short Form) and in all domains with the exception of physical abuse. Comparison between OCD subjects with PDs and normal control, the former scored significantly higher in emotional abuse (55.10/32.54), sex abuse (49.63/36.30), physical neglect (52.03/34.76), and emotional neglect domains (55.84/32.32). Whereas OCD subjects without PDs only scored significantly higher in emotional neglect domains compared with normal control (42.50/28.26).Conclusions:Subjects with PDs experienced more severe traumatic events during their early life. "pure OCD" patients, however, might experienced more emotional neglect.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Cluster-B personality disorders in university students. Methods: 1. Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ+4) was administered to a sample which consisted of 3140 university students to screen personality disorder subjects. Cluster-B personality disorder subjects were finally diagnosed by conducting bland semi structured interview using Personality Disorder Interview-IV (PDI-IV) four to six weeks after the first administration. Results: The total prevalence of Cluster-B personality disorders among 3140 subjects of university students was 1.21% with 38 subjects met the diagnostic criteria of Cluster-B personality disorders. One female subject met the criteria of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), 21 Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), 20 Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), and 8 Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD). The prevalence of BPD, NPD and HPD were 0.67%, 0.64% and 0.25% respectively. Ten subjects met the criteria of more than one personality disorder; the comorbidity rate was 26.3%. Conclusion: The prevalence of Cluster-B personality disorder in university students is lower than in general population reported by foreign researchers.

Objective To investigate the relationship of serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with the severity of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods 101 pa-tients with ACI were envolved and divided into 3 groups according to the scores of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS):mild group (group A, n=38, NIHSS score<4), moderate group (group B, n=36, NIHSS score 4-15) and severe group (group C, n=27, NIHSS score>15). Meanwhile, 44 non-ACI inpatients with atherosclerosis were included as control group (group D). Their serum MIF and MMP-9 were detected with ELISA, and hs-CRP with immunoturbidimety. Results The levels of serum MIF, MMP-9 and hs-CRP ranged from more to less as groups C, B, A and D (P<0.05). There was positive correlation of MIF with MMP-9 (r=0.301, P<0.01) and hs-CRP (r=0.309, P<0.001). Conclusion Serum MIF, MMP-9 and hs-CRP levels increased with the severity in ACI patients, which may be prediction of athero-sclerotic plaque instability.

Objective:To investigate the effect of BMSCs transplantation plus hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on repair of rat SCI. Methods:Seventy five male rats were divided randomly into five groups:sham, vehicle, BMSCs transplantation group, combination group, 15 rats in each group. Every week after the SCI onset, all animals were evaluated for behavior outcome by Basso-Beattle-Bresnahan (BBB) score and inclined plane test. Axon recovery was examined with focal spinal cord tissue by electron microscope at 6 weeks after the SCI onset. HE staining and BrdU staining were performed to examine the BMSCs and lesion post injury. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) testing was performed to detect the recovery of neural conduction. Results:Results from the behavior tests from combination group were significant higher than rats which received only transplantation or HBO treatment. Results from histopathology showed favorable recovery from combination group than other treatment groups. The number of BrdU+ in combination group were measureable more than transplantation group (P<0.05). The greatest decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-αdetermined by Elisa assay in combination group were evident too. Conclusions:BMSCs transplantation can promote the functional recovery of rat hind limbs after SCI, and its combination with HBO has a synergistic effect.