Objective:To investigate the early clinical effectiveness of using customized 3D printed acetabular augment to repair large acetabular bone defects in delayed total hip arthroplasty after failed treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 6 patients who had undergone 3D printed acetabular augment to reconstruct acetabular bone defects in delayed total hip replacement from July 2021 to January 2023 after failed treatment of acetabular fractures. They were all males, with an age of (51.3±15.0) years. Paprosky classification: 2 cases of type ⅡB, 1 case of type ⅡC, and 3 cases of type ⅢA. Recorded were surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, and visual analogue scale (VAS), and modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel score, Harris hip score, and leg length discrepancy at the last follow-up.Results:For the 6 patients, the mean surgical time was (222.5±46.9) min, the mean intraoperative bleeding 1,100 (1,000, 2,625) mL, the mean hospitalization time (9.0±4.5) d, and the mean follow-up time (11.8±7.9) months. At the last follow-up, the VAS [(2.5±1.0) points] significantly decreased compared with the preoperative value [(6.2±0.8) points], the modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel score [(13.2±2.1) points] and Harris hip score [(67.8±15.3) points] significantly increased compared with the preoperative values [(6.7±0.8) and (34.2±8.4) points], the vertical position of center of rotation [(22.5±5.2) mm] and the horizontal position of center of rotation [(40.7±2.6) mm] were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative values [(38.1±14.2) and (53.1±10.0) mm] ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the leg length discrepancy was (6.2±3.6) mm, showing no statistically significant difference from the preoperative value [(18.7±1.7) mm] ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, no clear line at the cup-bone or augment-bone interface, or no possible prosthetic loosening or displacement was observed on the X-ray films. Conclusion:In delayed total hip arthroplasty after failed treatment of acetabular fractures, the customized 3D printed augment for repair of large bone defects in the acetabulum can reconstruct the normal rotation center of the hip joint, provide reliable stability for the cup prosthesis, and enable patients to obtain significant improvements in hip function.

Objective:To evaluate open reduction and internal fixation via the anterior approaches in the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed were the clinical data of 74 consecutive patients with acetabular fracture who had been treated by open reduction and internal fixation via the anterior approaches from June 2018 to December 2020. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the geriatric group (≥65 years old): 16 patients [8 males and 8 females with an age of (74.0±5.9) years]; 7 both column fractures, 4 anterior column fractures, and 5 anterior column plus posterior hemi-transverse fractures according to the Letournel-Judet classification; time from injury to operation: (6.1±3.4) d. In the young group (<65 years old): 58 patients [48 males and 10 females with an age of (46.7±10.9) years]; 28 both column fractures, 14 anterior column fractures, 8 anterior column plus posterior hemi-transverse fractures, 5 T type fractures and 3 transverse fractures; time from injury to operation: (5.4±2.7) d. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative reduction, operative complications, and functional results.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there was no significant difference in the preoperative general data like fracture Letournel-Judet classification or dome impaction between them ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in the geriatric group was (715.6±285.0) mL, significantly less than that in the young group [(1,008.6±463.9) mL]( P<0.05). In the geriatric and young groups, respectively, the operation time was (167.2±44.3) min and (172.9±56.6) min, 3 and 6 cases had main operative complications, the good to excellent rate of postoperative reduction was 87.5% (14/16) and 84.5% (49/58), and the follow-up time was (26.6±10.7) months and (23.6±10.1) months, all showing no significant difference ( P>0.05). According to the improved Merle d'Aubigné & Postel scoring system, the hip function at the last follow-up was evaluated as excellent in 5 cases, as good in 10 cases, and as fair in 1 case in the geriatric group while as excellent in 21 cases, as good in 33 cases, and as fair in 2 cases (the other 2 cases were lost) in the young group, showing no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Open reduction and internal fixation via the anterior approaches is as safe and effective for the geriatric patients with acetabular fracture as for the young and middle-aged ones.

Objective:To summarize our experience in prevention of COVID-19 infection in emergency and confined operations during the first 3 weeks after Spring Festival in 2020.Methods:From February 3rd to 23rd, 2020, 151 patients were admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for emergency and confined operations. In this cohort, 125 patients were admitted to ordinary wards. They were 70 males and 55 females with an age of 51.1 years ± 14.9 years. Of them, 2 were subjected to emergency operation and 123 to confined operation. The mean time from injury to operation was 9.9 days ± 6.1 days. There were 26 cases in the senile wards, 7 males and 19 females with an age of 80.8 years ± 7.0 years all of whom underwent confined operations. The mean time from injury to operation was 8.4 days ± 6.3 days. The protocols for emergency diagnosis, admission, emergency and confined operations, postoperative rehabilitation and management of suspects with COVID-19 during the epidemic of COVID-19 were optimized according to Diagnosis and Treatment Protocols for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial version 5), emergency responding pre-plans of our hospital, and our experience in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) as well.Results:The patients in the ordinary wards had a hospital stay of 6.8 days ± 4.6 days while those in the senile wards 5.1 days ± 2.0 days. Abnormal temperature (≥37.3 ℃) was observed perioperatively in 17 cases in the ordinary wards. It was absorption fever in all and appeared in 4 cases upon admission. Fever appeared in 11 patients in the senile wards and upon admission in 3 of them. One senile patient who had been diagnosed of normal pneumonia returned to normal temperature and remained stable conditions after antibiotic therapy. The other patients were free of complications related to COVID-19 during their hospital stay.Conclusion:The first-line medical staff working at emergency department, wards and surgical theaters must heighten their vigilance against COVID-19 infection and rigorously follow protocols for prevention of COVID-19 infection in their daily clinical practice.

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effects between the anesthetic and non-anesthetic closed reduction protocols for distal radius fractures based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of 186 patients with distal radius fracture who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the choice by themselves. Of them, 72 (intervention group) underwent the standardized closed reduction under brachial block anesthesia based on the concept of ERAS while the other 114 (control group) conventional closed reduction under no anesthesia. The 2 groups were compared in terms of emergency reduction times, swelling scores, reoperation rate, splint removal time, functional outcomes by the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and radiographic outcomes by the Lidström criteria. Results: The patients in both groups were followed up for 6 months. The reduction times were fewer in the intervention group than in the control group (1.1±0.1 versus 1.6±0.1, P<0.05). The reoperation rate was significautly lower in the intervention group than in the control group [2.8%(2/72) versus 12.3%(14/114), P< 0.05]. Reduction deteriorated the swelling condition. Compared with the control group, the swelling was significantly less in the intervention group (2.0±0.1 versus 2.6±0.1, P<0.05). The splint removal time for the intervention group (5.3±0.2 weeks) was significantly shorter than that for the control group (6.9±0.2 weeks) (P<0.05). The intervention group had significantly better PWRE scores than the control group (23.4±1.0 versus 30.3±1.1, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups in the Lidström evaluation (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with conventional closed reduction, the closed reduction under anesthesia based on the ERAS concept is an effective method for the emergency treatment of distal radius fracture, because it may minimize the patients’ pain experience, increase the rate of successful reduction, decrease the rate of reoperation, shorten the splint fixation time and gain better functional outcomes.

Objective:To evaluate a self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system in the reduction of unstable pelvic fractures by a cadaveric anatomic study.Methods:Ten unembalmed cadavers (7 male and 3 female ones) were used in this study. In each cadaveric specimen an unstable pelvic fracture was created in accordance with clinical case models (3 cases of type B1, 4 cases of type B2 and 3 cases of type C1 by the Tile classification). A self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system was used to assist the reduction in the cadaveric models. Intraoperative registration and navigation time, autonomous reduction time, total operation time and reduction error were measured.Results:Effective reduction was completed in 10 bone models with the assistance of our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system. The time for intraoperative registration and navigation averaged 47.4 min (from 32 to 74 min), the autonomous reduction time 73.9 min (from 48 to 96 min), and the total operation time 121.3 min (from 83 to 170 min). The reduction error averaged 2.02 mm (from 1.67 to 2.62 mm), and the reduction results met the clinical requirements.Conclusion:Our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system is a new clinical solution for unstable pelvic fractures, showing advantages of agreement with clinical operative procedures, high reduction accuracy and operational feasibility, and reduced radiation exposure compared to a conventional operation.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and clinical values of preoperative imaging signs and intraoperative stress test in the surgery of the Weber type B fracture without medial malleolar fracture.Methods:The data of 52 patients were reviewed who had been treated at Orthopaedic Trauma Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for Weber type B ankle fracture without medial malleolar fracture from January 2018 to December 2021.They were assigned into 2 groups depending on their results of intraoperative stress test. In the positive group of 21 cases showing a positive intraoperative stress test, there were 19 males and 2 females with an age of (34.4±10.2) years; in the negative group of 31 cases showing a negative intra operative stress test, there were 22 males and 9 females with an age of (39.5±14.8) years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of the medial clear space, tibiofibular clear space and vertical length of the fibular fracture on the preoperative X-ray film, as well as the relative size of the posterior malleolar fracture fragment on the preoperative CT. The imaging characteristics of intraoperative stress tests were also observed.Results:There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the preoperative general data, showing comparability between groups ( P>0.05). The medial clear space (7.2±2.5) mm and the vertical length of the fibular fracture [49.2 (33.7, 58.7) mm] in the positive group were significantly larger than those in the negative group [(4.5±1.7) mm and 29.6 (24.7, 36.0) mm] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the lower tibiofibular space [(6.0±1.9) mm versus (5.2 ± 1.4) mm] or in the relative size of posterior malleolar fracture measured by CT [15.8% (6.9%, 19.1%) versus 12.7% (0%, 18.9%)] ( P>0.05). The intraoperative stress test imaging data of a total of 22 cases were collected from the 2 groups (11 cases from each of the 2 groups). During the stress test, only the medial clear space was widened with no widening of the inferior tibiofibular space was found in 7 cases (5 cases in the positive group and 2 cases in the negative group). Conclusions:A routine stress test is recommended for Weber B ankle fracture without medial malleolus fracture, because instability sometimes exists after fibular fixation. Patients with a wider medial clear space and a longer fibular fracture line on X-ray after injury are more likely to be afflicted by instability after fibular fixation. In the patients with a widened medial clear space but without a widened inferior tibiofibular clear space during an intraoperative stress test, it calls for further study whether it is necessary to fix the inferior tibiofibular joint.

Objective:To explore the short-term efficacy of fixation with a 3D printed individualized custom-made plate in the treatment of elderly patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed were the 5 elderly patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture who had been treated by fixation with a 3D printed individualized custom-made plate from January 2022 to July 2022 at Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. There were 3 males and 2 females, aged 81, 86, 77, 91 and 87 years, respectively. One left and 4 right limbs were affected. Vancouver classification: type B1 ( n=3), type B2 ( n=1), and type C ( n=1). The time from operation to injury was 5, 6, 10, 5 and 7 days, respectively. Preoperatively, the femur affected, prosthesis and individualized plate with a greater trochanteric hook, loop cable channel and bone-like trabecular microporous structure were custom-made by 3D printing according to 1:1 models. Virtual operations were simulated to formulate surgical protocols. The operation time, length of surgical incision, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, hospital stay, hip function and complications at the last follow-up were recorded. Results:The 5 patients were followed up for 12, 7, 10, 3 and 6 months, respectively. There were no events of superficial incision or deep prosthesis infection. Respectively, the operation time was 1.8, 1.7, 2.3, 2.0 and 3.3 h; the length of surgical incision 31, 30, 38, 27 and 30 cm; the intraoperative bleeding volume 400, 300, 300, 500 and 600 mL; the length of hospital stay 8, 9, 15, 14 and 11 d. Four patients received intraoperative blood transfusion of 300, 900, 150 and 1, 050 mL, respectively. One patient died of a heart attack 3 months after discharge; another patient developed dyskinesia at the contralateral limb 3 months after discharge due to cerebral infarction and died of recurrent cerebral infarction 7 months after discharge. At the last follow-up, the Harris hip scores of 3 patients were 86, 77 and 69 points, respectively. None of the patients had complications like breakage or loosening of implants.Conclusion:In the treatment of elderly patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture, fixation with a 3D printed individualized custom-made plate may lead to fine limb function and good short-term curative efficacy.

Objective:To compare the short-term efficacy between our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system and conventional freehand reduction assisted by fluoroscopy in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures by robot or fluoroscopy-assisted internal fixation with percutaneous screws.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to include eligible 35 patients with unstable pelvic fracture who were admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from December 2021 to October 2022. They were randomized into 2 groups. The observation group[17 cases, 10 males and 7 females with an age of (44.0±17.4) years] was treated with robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction, followed by robot-assisted or fluoroscopic internal fixation with percutaneous screws; the control group[18 cases, 12 males and 6 females with an age of (38.8±15.0) years] was treated with freehand reduction assisted by fluoroscopy, followed by robot-assisted or fluoroscopic internal fixation with percutaneous screws. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative bleeding, successful reduction, reduction quality, incidence of surgical complications and postoperative functional scores.Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between them ( P>0.05). The intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency[(32.4±17.5) times] and fluoroscopy time [(19.8±10.4) s] in the observation group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group [(60.8±26.6) times and (38.2±16.1) s], and the rate of successful reduction in the observation group was 100.0% (17/17), significantly higher than that in the control group[72.2% (13/18)] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in intraoperative bleeding, operation time, reduction error, excellent and good rate of reduction after operation by Matta scoring, or Majeed functional score at 12 weeks after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures, since our self-designed intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system can plan autonomously the reduction paths and accomplish minimally invasive reduction of the fracture with 3D images real-time monitoring, it is advantageous over conventional reduction methods in a higher success rate and less radiation exposure.

Objective:To compare the outcomes of isolated Mason type Ⅱ radial head fracture between operative and non-operative treatments.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of patients who had been treated for isolated Mason type Ⅱ radial head fracture either operatively or nonoperatively at Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to October 2020. The patients were divided into a non-operative group and an operative group according to their treatment method. After 1:1 propensity score matching method was used to match the patients in the 2 groups, a total of 58 pairs of patients were successfully matched. In the operative group, there were 24 males and 34 females with a mean age of (40±14) years and a body mass index of (23.7±3.4) kg/m 2; in the non-operative group, there were 22 males and 36 females with a mean age of (42±13) years and a body mass index of (23.5±3.9) kg/m 2. Elbow flexion-extension, forearm rotation, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), Quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (q-DASH) score and complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results:There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All the patients were followed up for (24±9) months. At the last follow up in the operative and the non-operative groups, respectively, the elbow flexion-extension was 134° (132°, 136°) and 134°(131°, 136°), the forearm rotation 176° (174°, 179°) and 178° (175°, 179°), the MEPS 100 (100, 100) and 100 (100, 100), the q-DASH score 0 (0, 0) and 0 (0, 0), showing no significant differences between the 2 groups in the above items ( P>0.05). Elbow pain was reported respectively in 4 (6.9%) and 6 (10.3%) patients in the operative and non-operative groups, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The outcomes of operative and non-operative treatments of isolated Mason type Ⅱ radial head fracture are comparable.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of operative treatment of geriatric pelvic fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 55 geriatric patients with pelvic fracture who had been operatively treated at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2020 to October 2023. There were 13 males and 42 females with an age of 72.0 (68.0, 83.3) years. By the AO/OTA classification, there were 47 cases of type B and 8 cases of type C; by the classification for fragility fractures of pelvis, there were 5 cases of type Ⅱ, 44 cases of type Ⅲ, and 6 cases of type Ⅳ. The patients received operative treatment 4.0 (3.0, 6.3) days after injury. Of the 10 patients treated by open reduction and closed reduction, the posterior ring was fixated by a plate in 7 and by screws in 3, and the anterior ring was fixated by either a plate, an external fixator or a minimally invasive anterior pelvic ring internal fixator except in the 2 cases receiving no fixation. Of the other 45 patients treated by closed reduction and fixation, the posterior ring was all fixated by screws except in the 2 cases receiving no fixation, and the anterior ring was fixated by either screws, an external fixator or a minimally invasive anterior pelvic ring internal fixator except in the 10 cases receiving no fixation. The major peri-operative complications, quality of fracture reduction, mortality, and functional recovery of the pelvis at the last follow-up were recorded.Results:There were no major peri-operative complications. According to the Matta criteria, the quality of fracture reduction was excellent in 31, good in 14, fair in 8 and poor in 2 cases, giving a good to excellent rate of 81.8% (45/55). Fifty-four cases were followed up for (15.4±9.1) months and 1 case was lost to the follow-up. Four cases died within 1 year after operation, giving a mortality of 7.4% (4/54). The modified Majeed score at the last follow-up was 69 (54, 76) for the 46 cases who had been followed up for longer than 4 months; the functional recovery of the pelvis at the last follow-up was rated as excellent in 27 cases, as good in 8 cases and as fair in 11 cases, giving a good to excellent rate of 76.1% (35/46) according to the criteria proposed by the faculty of the writers. The internal fixation failed in 3 cases during the follow-up.Conclusion:For the geriatric pelvic fractures, operative treatment can lead to satisfactory clinical outcomes.