Objective To explore adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART)and related factors in dnlg users with HIV/AIDS.Methods From July to September 2007,111 HIV-infected drug users who received national free HAART were investigated in the HAART clinics in Hengyang,Yueyang,and Chenzhou districts of Hunan Province.A questionnaire of Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS(CPCRA)Antiretroviral Medication Self-Report Was used to assess adherence to HAART,and Zung Depression Scale and Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection Resolve Scale were used to assess patients'depression and family function respectively.ResllIts The average level of adherence to HAART was 83%.Among 111 patients.28.8%of patients reported poor adherence and took medication less than 90%.The mean score of depression was 60.8 1±13.03.There were 83.9%patients demonstrating depressive symptom and only 30.6%patients' family had good function.Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of depression(β=-0.48,P=0.024)and treatment time(β=-1.11,P=0.036)were significantly associated with adherence negatively,while family function (β=0.65,P=0.043)and the time of being free from drug(β=0.55,P=0.040)were positively associated with adherence.Conclusion The level of adherence to HAART is low in the drug users with HIV/AIDS.Comprehensive interventions are needed to improve adherence to HAART,including managing depression,encouraging drug rehabilitation,improving family function,and evaluating adherence periodically.

Objective To understand the current status of paediatric medication safety,identify the existing problems on nursing research of paediatric medication safety and supply reference for paediatric medication safety.Methods 268 requested research papers published from 2003 to 2013 were retrieved from CNKI and CBM databases,and were analyzed by quantitative methods.Results Among 268 literatures,60.1％ were experience summaries and discussion.72.0％ didn't use any analyzing methods.64.6％ adopted qualitative analysis.Nine categories of these studies contents were concluded,among these,literatures dealing with medication management and medication safety education for parents came the first,accounting for 31.0％ and 15.3％; while those elaborating about information technology and medication safety education of nurses were the least,accounting for 4.1％ and 3.0％.Conclusions Most of the studies were qualitative comments and experience summaries which lack of rigorous designs and statistical methods.The research contents were scattered and difficult to be used in clinical environment.It is strongly recommended that studies on paediatric medication safety should be enhanced.Furthermore,nursing guideline should be constructed by evidence-based methodology to promote domestic paediatric medication safety.

Objective To observe the effects of cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP)-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin induced murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) maturation on T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro,Methods Bone marrow derived DC isolated from BALB/c mice were cultured with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant interleutin (IL)-4 for 5 days followed by lipopolysaccharide added to induce DC maturation.10 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin,50 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin,10 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27 or RPMI-1640 were added into culture medium to induce DC maturation.DC phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry.The level of IL-12p70 in the supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The proliferation of.T lymphocytes was performed by using cell counting kit-8 and intracellular cytokine of proliferative T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The means among groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and those between two groups were compared by least significant difference test.Results DC were cultured and induced successfully.The molecules on DC surface,such as CD80,CD86 and major histocompatibility antigen-Ⅰ were upregulated by CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin.IL-12p70 level induced by 50 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin was (61.12±10.25) pg/mL,which was higher than those induced by 10 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin (50.43±10.42) pg/mL,10μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27 (40.17±8.54) pg/mL and medium control (30.51±8.03) pg/mL (F=15.85,P=0.030 and 0.037).The proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by CTP- HBcAg18-27 -Tapasin was higher than control groups.The amounts of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induced by 50 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin [(2.05±0.41) ％] and 10 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27-Tapasin [(1.06 ±0.10 )％] were both significantly higher than the 10 μg/L CTP-HBcAg18-27 group [(0.45±0.11)％] and medium group [(0.09±0.02)％,F=60.22,P=0.003].Conclusions CTP HBcAg18- 27 Tapasin could promote the differentiation and maturation of DC,and enhance the ability of DC stimulating T lymphocytes proliferation and increase CTL expression effectively.

Objective To examine the effects of comprehensive family intervention on family function among HIV-infected injection drug users (IDUs). Methods Ninety-eight HIV-infected IDUs in 3 AIDS treatment sites in Hunan Province were selected by random cluster sampling and were randomly divided into the intervention group (50 cases) and the control group (48 cases). Subjects in the intervention group were given a 9-month comprehensive family intervention, while those in the control group received standard treatment and care. When the study was completed, APGAR questionnaire was used to analyze the effects of comprehensive family intervention. Results Before the intervention ,the scores of family function were not significantly different the intervention group and the control group. After the intervention, the scores of family function among the control group were(4.26± 3.73) points and the intervention group was (6.53± 4.29) points, the scores of family function were significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions The comprehensive family intervention is an effective model to improve the family function of HIV-infected injection drug users.

AIM:To construct recombinant adenovirus vector carrying human miR-133a and study its expression in human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs).METHODS:The PCR product containing miR-133a was amplified from human genomic DNA and inserted into the adenoviral shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV.Then the recombinant shuttle plasmid linearized by pmeⅠwas cotransformed into competent E.coli.BJ5183 with the adenoviral backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1 to generate the recombinant adenovirus vector rAd-mir-133a.rAd-mir-133a was then packaged and amplified in human embryonic kidney 293(HEK293) cells.The purified rAd-miR-133a was used to infect the hMSCs and the expression of miR-133a was detected by non-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR.RESULTS:The recombinant adenovirus shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV-miR-133a was constructed and verified by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis.rAd-miR-133a was successfully packaged and amplified in HEK293 cells.The transcriptions of primary miR-133a and mature miR-133a were over-expressed in the hMSCs infected with rAd-miR-133a.CONCLUSION:The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying human miR-133a is successfully constructed,which lay a foundation for miR-133a function study.

Background: To explore the association between low back pain (LBP) and pelvic pain (PP) and rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD) in postpartum women and identify the characteristics and risk factors. Methods: Women diagnosed with RAD and a history of labor and delivery, between 2009 and 2018, were identified from six hospitals within the Partners Healthcare System. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with pain. Results: Age at onset of RAD in the non-cesarean delivery group was earlier than those in cesarean delivery (CD) group (P = 0.017). Women who underwent CD demonstrated 4.5 times greater risk of RAD than those who had no CD exposure. The cumulative composition ratio of LBP at every age stage of the period from 8 years pre-first delivery to 8 years post-first delivery was significantly higher than the other five conditions (RAD, umbilical hernia, PP, depressive disorder [DD], and strain of muscle, fascia, and tendon [SMFT]) (P for trend < 0.001). Women with DD, SMFT, and PP were more likely to have LBP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 3.47, P = 0.032; OR = 4.50, 95% CI 1.64 to 12.36, P = 0.003; OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.89, P = 0.013; respectively). Conclusions In postpartum women with RAD, DD, SMFT, and PP were found to be risk factors contributing to the development of LBP. Race and LBP also played roles in the development of PP.

Objective The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of stageⅣ lung cancer patients with Pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE),and to find out the risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism. Methods A total of 70 patients with stage IV lung cancer were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nan Chang University from January 2011 to October 2017. Blood routine,blood biochemistry,coagulation function,tumor markers(CEA,CA199,CA125, NSE,Cyfra211)and multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA)were collected in these patients. Univariate analysis was applied to compare the clinical features and laboratory tests between PTE and non-PTE groups. Multivariate logistic regression analy-sis was applied to explore significant risk factors of PTE. Results Univariate analysis showed that serum albumin,blood leukocyte, neutrophil percentage,increased Cyfra211 and abnormal tumor markers were risk factors for PTE in patients with stage IV lung canc-er. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of abnormal tumor markers ≥4(OR=7. 016,95% CI:1. 916 ~25. 686)was an independent risk factor for PTE in stage IV lung cancer. Conclusion The number of abnormal tumor markers is an independent risk factor for pulmonary thromboembolism in stageⅣlung cancer. When the number of abnormal tumor markers is≥4, it is necessary to highly alert the possibility of stage IV lung cancer with pulmonary thromboembolism.

Objective:To design a clinical replacement theoretic lesson based on BOPPPS on pediatric nephrotic syndrome for undergraduate nursing students and to evaluate the content and the effect of the lesson.Methods:A lesson on pediatric nephrotic syndrome for undergraduate nursing students was developed based on the BOPPPS model and the learning principles of Pediatric Nursing. The reliability of the content was assessed through expert consensus. And a group of undergraduate nursing students was invited to participate in the lesson and provide feedback on the effectiveness of the lesson.Results:An hour-long lesson was developed including a standard and real case with pediatric nephrotic syndrome and presented in a slide containing pictures. Seven experts validated the content of the lesson, ten undergraduate students and 1 professor of pediatric theory in the college commented that the lesson would improve their performance in clinical replacement.Conclusions:A clinical replacement theoretic lesson based on BOPPPS on pediatric nephrotic syndrome for undergraduate nursing students is well organized, well-accepted, and can bridge the school lessons and clinical practice for undergraduate nursing students.

Objective: To study infection of coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) in Mongolian gerbils. Methods: To screen the optimal ages of Mongolian gerbils, five groups with different ages were infected with 1×10⁵ TCID₅₀ dose of CV-A6 XS45 strain by intraperitoneal, and symptom scores of Mongolian gerbils were collected. Then to estimate the dose-effect, three doses of virus were injected to the Mongolian gerbils. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry(IHC) were used to determine virus load and tissues infection in muscle, brain and intestinal tract. Results: Mongolian gerbils infected with 1×10⁵ TCID₅₀ dose CV-A6 consistently exhibited clinical signs, and the morbidity (death) rates of five age groups were up to 100%. There was a positive correlation between the trend of symptom scores changes and ages. The morbidity (death) rates of three doses (1×10³ TCID₅₀, 1×10⁴ TCID₅₀, 1×10⁵ TCID₅₀) also were up to 100% in 28 days Mongolian gerbils. The correlation between the trend of symptom scores changes and doses were negative. Virus loads were detected in muscle, brain and intestinal tract of pathogenesis animal. The virus loads of muscle were higher than others. IHC results showed virus infection and cytopathic effects in three tissues. Conclusions Mongolian gerbils had high susceptibility to CV-A6, and were best for animal model of CV-A6 infection.

Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Tenofovir/therapeutic use* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; RNA ; Drug Combinations