Objective To explore the effective molecular mechanism of PPAR-γligands rosiglitazone to biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury in autologous liver transplantation. Method A total of 40 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group (SO), ischemia - reperfusion group (Ⅰ/R), rosiglitazone (ROS) and GW9662 group, with 10 ones in each. The models, rat biliary ischemiareperfusion injury of autologous liver transplantation, were made by modified two-cuff technique. Tissues of the liver and bile ducts and blood of those models were evaluated by pathological and biochemical methods to make sure the models were made successfully or not. SO group suffered autologous orthotopic liver transplantation, and L/R group suffered both that and ischemia-reperfusion. ROS group were injected rosiglitazone (0.3mg/kg) via portal vein after having been done all as I/R. GW9662 group suffered all as ROS, and 10min later ,they were injected GW9662(0.3mg/kg) via portal vein. 4h after the experiment, tissues of livers and bilary ducts were taken to be tested by immunohistochemistry method, and the blood punctured from the right ventricular were taken to be determined by ELISA. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.Results IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and bile duct cells,while NF-κB was expressed both in the cytoplasm and nuclei. Expression of those proteins in L/R and GW9662 group was increased, significantly higher when compared to the SO and ROS (P ＜ 0.05). IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in rat serum were simultaneously increased, and significantly higher than SO(P ＜0.05).Compared with the SO, expressions of the IL-1 β,TNF-α and IL-6 were not significantly changed in ROS (P＞ 0.05 )but significantly increased in GW9662. Conclusions PPAR-γ ligand rosiglitazone took protective role in biliary ischemia-reperfusion injury in autologous liver transplantation. The mechanism correlates with the release of the IL-lα, IL-1β and TNF-α and other inflammatory mediators, which decreased as the expression of NF-κB inhibited by its antagonist.

Objective To investigate the impact of the modified cast impression technique on distal-extension alve-olar ridge morphology of partially edentulous casts and the restoration outcome of removable partial dentures (PRDs). Meth-ods Fifty-four patients with mandibular free-end dentition defect were selected. Impressions were taken from each patient using both modified cast technique and conventional technique. Coronary cross-sections of the casts were scanned from dis-tal to mesial extension;the images were compared to reveal morphological differences. And the relationship between these differences and location of the cross-sections were analyzed. After the patients were evenly divided into two groups per paired design, the impressions were taken using the respective modified cast and conventional impression techniques to pre-pare RPDs. The subsequent comparisons between the two groups included frequency of adjustments during the adaptive phase, masticatory efficiency of the denture at ending of the adaptive phase and visible movement of the extension base dur-ing mastication. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The number of pixels in the same cross-sec-tion was less in the impression taken with modified cast technique than that with conventional technique. And their differ-ence is of statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01). The difference in the number of pixels (D) was negatively correlated with the number of cutting and grinding, and N (location of the cross-sections). In addition, there were statistically significant differ-ences in frequency of adjustments during the adaptive phase (times:1.12 ± 0.77 vs 3.41 ± 0.82), masticatory efficiency of the denture (0 vs 18.5%) and visible movement of the extension base during mastication (96.3%vs 74.1%) between the modified cast group and conventional group. Conclusion Morphology of distal-extension alveolar ridge of the casts differs signifi-cantly between the impressions obtained with modified cast technique and the impressions obtained with the conventional technique;the difference increases with greater distance to the distal surface of the terminal abutments. The restoration out-come of RPDs is significantly better with the modified cast impression technique than with the conventional impression tech-nique.

In this paper , the causes of patients in emergency ICU were analyzed .The authors used classical theory of ethics to illuminate and put forward the ethical principles that both doctors and patients should follow and the conception of patients′moderate right , as well as the relevant suggestions and strategies , with the aim to make the application of emergency ICU medical resources more reasonable and make the treatment and cure of the emer -gency and critical patients more conform to the requirement of the ethics .

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ)and its ligand rosiglitazone on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the donor bile ducts.Method Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with fourteen rats in each:the sham operation group (SO),ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)group and I/R+rosiglitazone group(I/R+Ros).The animal model of is-chemia-reperfusion occurred in the orthotopically transplanted liver was used.Tne signal pathway of iuflanunatory response of bile duets of the transplanted hver and the variations of associated cytokines were detected by the signal transduction pathway-finder gene array and cytokine antibody chips.The pathological changes and the biochemical markers of the donor liver were assessed by histopathological score and the estimation of the functional changes of some other organs.Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 10.0 software package.Statistical analysis was car-ried out by using one-way anova and Bonferroni test.Results Compared with the SO group and I/R+Ros group.the expression of NF-кB gene of I/R group to more than two times,and the levels of IL-1α,IL-1β and TNF-α pro-tein expressions in I/R group went up over double too.Compared with I/R group,the histopathological score and the biochemical markers of I/R+Ros group were significantly lower (P＜0.05,P＜0.01,respectively).Con-clusions PPAR-γ and its ligand rosiglitazone have protective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury to donor bile ducts.The mechanism may be attributed to decrease in the release of inflammatory mediators(IL-1α,IL-1β,TNF-α and so on)resulted from the down-expression of decreased due to NF-кB.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of Qingyi decoction (a preparation of Chinese herbal medicine) combined with DAR (combined use of dexamethasone,anisodamine and rhubarb) for the treatment of acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 387 eligible patients met the criteria of acute pancreatitis were enrolled from January 2005 to April 2012 for prospective study.All patients,mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP),were divided (random niumber) into four groups,namely conventional therapy (T),DAR therapy (DAR),Qingyi decoction therapy (Q) and Qingyi decoction combined with DAR therapy (Q + DAR).Outcome,fasting time,serum amylase,abdominal pain relief time,pancreatic or peri-pancreatic complications and average hospital-stay were analvzed with SPSS 13.0 statistic software.P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results None of MAP patients died.Of SAP patients,there was no difference in mortality among different groups (P ＞ 0.05).length of fasting time,tine elapsed for abdominal pain relief,time required for normalized serum amylase level and length of hospital stay in MAP patients were significantly shorter than those in SAP patients regardless of different therapies (P ＜ 0.05).Either patients of SAP or MAP treated with Q + DAR or DAR suffered shorter length of time than those treated with T or Q in respect of fasting,abdominal paiu relief,serum amylase level normalization and hospital stay (P ＜ 0.05).For SAP or MAP patients,there was no difference in abdominal pain relief time between receiving DAR and Q + DAR treatment (P ＞ 0.05),but the fasting time in Q + DAR was shorter than that in DAR (P ＜ 0.05).Patients with SAP were more likely to suffer pancreatic or per-pancreatic complications than those with MAP,but there was no difference for SAP or MAP with different treatments.Conclusions DAR or Q + DAR was an alternative to conventional treatment for MAP or SAP,and they were both superior to conventional treatment.And Q + DAR was more advantageous than DAR when fasting time,hospital-stay time and cost were considered.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous blood purification in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.Methods:60 cases of severe acute pancreatitis were selected and divided into two groups.The control group (29 cases) was given routine treatment and the observation group (31 cases) was given continuous blood purification.The efficacy of continuous blood purification in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis was evaluated by CRP,ALT,PaO2/FiO2,HCO3-,Scr,APACHE Ⅱ and MODS scores before and after treatment,complications and survival situation during treatment.Results:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the CRP,ALT,PaO2/FiO2,HCO3-,Scr levels between two groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,the CRP,ALT,HCO3-,Scr levels of two groups were decreased.These indexes of observation group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).The PaO2/FiO2 of both groups were increased.The PaO2/FiO2 of observation group was high than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the APACHE Ⅱ and MODS scores between two groups (P＞0.05).After treatment,the APACHE Ⅱ and MODS scores were lower than those before treatment.The APACHE Ⅱ and MODS scores in the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05).During treatment,there was no statistical significance in the complications and survival rate between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Continuous blood purification had a good therapeutic effect on the severe acute pancreatitis.It could improve the organ function,reduce inflammation and regulate the balance of water and electrolyte with high safety.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of HC visual laryngoscope designed for unskilled junior emergency resident doctors in respect of increasing the efficiency and success rate of emergency tracheal intubation.Methods A total of 80 patients needed the emergency tracheal intubation were at first divided into two groups randomly (random number).Patients in group A were operated by junior emergency resident doctors and patients in group B were operated by well experienced attending doctors.Then,the two groups of patients above were divided into two groups randomly (random number).Patients in group N were operated with conventional laryngoscope and patients in group HC were managed with HC visual laryngoscope.Then comparisons of the success rate of glottis exposure,the one-time success rate of tracheal intubation,the success rate of tracheal intubation,the complications,the number of attempt in successful intubation cases and the operative time consumed for successful intubation cases among the groups were done.Results (1)The success rate of glottis exposure,the one-time success rate and the success rate of tracheal intubation in group A-HC were 90%,70% and 90%,respectively which were significantly higher than those (50%,20% and 45%)in group A-N (P <0.05).The rate of complication,the number of attempt and operative time consumed for intubation cases in group A-HC were respectively 15%,(1.28 ± 0.43)and (31.44 ±5.06 ) s,which were significantly less than those [45%,(1.89 ±0.79 )and (45.89 ±4.99) s in group A-N (P <0.05 ).(2)The success rate of glottis exposure,the one-time success rate and the success rate of tracheal intubation in group B-N were 80%,65% and 80%, respectively which were significantly higher than those (50%,20% and 45%)in group A-N (P <0.05). The rate of complication,the number of attempt and operative time consumed for successful intubation cases in group B-N were 15%,(1.25 ±0.41)and (39.31 ±4.23)s,respectively which were significantly less than those [45%,(1.89 ±0.79)and (45.89 ±4.99)s]in group A-N (P <0.05).(3)There were no significant statistical differences in above results between group A-HC and group B-HC (P >0.05 ). Conclusions HC visual laryngoscope used by unskilled junior emergency resident doctors for emergency tracheal intubation,could increase success rate of glottis exposure,decrease the number of attempt of intubation,decrease rate of complication,shorten operative time required for intubation thus improving efficiency and success rate of emergency tracheal intubation,and maybe narrow the skill gap between unskilled junior resident doctors and well experienced attending doctors in respect of emergency tracheal intubation.

Through stating the current situation of the doctor -patient relationship , and combining with its characteristics in emergency ICU (EICU), to analyze the application basements and skills of progressive doctor -patient communication in EICU , in order to explore the present stage to build a harmonious doctor -patient rela-tionship , a feasible way to safeguard the rights and interests of both doctors to provide the reference .

BACKGROUND: It is found reported that polymorphism of Fok 1 restriction endonuclease cut site on exon 2 of 5' end start codon of 5' end start codon (SC), which affected the structure of VDR amino acids,and was relative related to bone mineral density(BMD).OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between Vitamin D receptor gene (Fok 1) polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the elderly men.DESIGN: case-controlled trialstudy.SETTING: Institute of Gerontology, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Endocrinology,Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 26 elderly men with osteoporosis at out-patients clinic of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Endocrinology,Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2002 to June 2002 were selected involved as osteoporosis case group,with and the average age of was (70±5) years, and BMD in osteoporosis group was 2.0-2.5 SD lower than 2.0-2.5 SD of the peak of BMD. Totally 66 healthy men with average age of (70±5)years were selected as control group during at the same time. All the subjects signed the informed consent,who were Beijing inhabitants of Han nationality, and there was no blood relationship among them.METHODS:VDR-Fok1 genotypes in both groups were detected with by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),and distributiondistribution of VDR-Fok 1 genotypes were analyzedanalyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: distribution Distribution of VDR-Fok1genotypes in both each groups.RESULTS: Totally 66 healthy elderly men and 26 elderly men with osteoporosis entered analysis of results. The frequencies of FF, Ff and ff genotype were found to be 42%, 42% and 15% in control group, and 15%,50%,35% in osteoporosis group, respectively,and there was significantly different between two groups(x2=12.078,P ＜ 0.01).Frequency of allele were significantly different between control group and osteoporosis group (64%,36% vs 40%,60%, x2=8.232,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the frequency distrinution of VDR gene start codon polymorphism between healthy elderly men and those with osteoporosis.

Exosomes are of great importance in cell communication and information transmission, which have become a hotspot in recent years. Most studies have focused on the transport of microRNA (miRNA) and proteins, that mediated by exosomes, as well as exosomes as a drug delivery carrier of the feasibility. Therefore, exosomes can be an important method of treatment for systemic inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the relevant literature, mainly on the related characteristics of exosomes, its association with clinical disease, and its application in sepsis.