AIM To explore the protection effect of Blood-Replenishing Capsule (BRC) on hypoxic animals in order to lower the rate of altitude stress. METHODS Comparison of BRC on survival time of mice under ordinary pressure and chemical hypoxia were observed and the oxygen consumption was measured. RESULTS BRC-obviously prolonged the survival time of hypoxic mice, reduced the oxygen consumption and increased the hemoglobin (Hb) content in the bloods.Mouse brain's SOD was obviously higher and MDA concetration remarkable lower in BRC groups than those in control groups. CONCLUSION BRC shows remarkable effect on hypoxia tolerance in mice.

Cancer stem cells located in specific microenvironment,that play an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.Hypoxia is one of the important features of tumor tissue microenvironment.A series of studies results show that the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor stem cells could promote tumor metastasis,which provides new clues for understanding tumor pathogenesis and tumors treatment.

Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates multiple biochemical events. Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases play important roles in regulating the pathogen physiology and interference of host signaling. They are also involved in the evasion of host immune response and blockage of the phagosome-lysosome fusion. Selective inhibition of phosphatase represents an ideal new avenue of anti-tuberculosis drug design. In this paper, we update the progresses about the regulation network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases including MptpA, MptpB, MstP, SapM and their inhibitors. These serve as the basis for further antituberculosis drug target.

Objective To investigate the effects of morphine dependence and withdrawal on neurosteroids and amino acid transmitters of rat amygdala. Methods Morphine dependence was induced by pretreatment with increasing doses of morphine for 7 days. Withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone (2mg/kg). Withdrawal syndromes were observed and scored. After decapitation, amygdala was dissected out. Nomadic and conjugated neurosteroids were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. Concentrations of neurosteroids including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnenolone (PREG), allopregnanolone (AP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) were detected with HPLC-MS. Concentrations of glycine (GLY), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were quantitated by HPLC-ECD with pre-column OPA derivatization. Results Compared with saline control, the DHEA level in rat amygdala of morphine dependent group decreased by 33% (P＜0.01). Compared with naloxone control, the PREG and AP levels in rat amygdala of morphine withdrawal group increased by 45% (P＜0.05) and 42% (P＜0.05) respectively; the GABA level decreased by 18% (P＜0.01). Compared with morphine dependent group, the PREG and PREGS levels in rat amygdala of morphine withdrawal group increased by 60% and 40% respectively (P＜0.05); the glycine level decreased by 14% (P＜0.05). Conclusion The DHEA in rat amygdala may play a role in the development of morphine dependence but not involved in the manifestation of withdrawal symptoms. Other neurosteroids (including PREG, AP and PREGS) in rat amygdala seem to be involved in withdrawal but not in dependence. The synthesis and release of inhibitory amino acids in amygdala were depressed when withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone. The results suggest that different changes of neurosteroids and amino acids exist in stages of morphine dependence and withdrawal.

Aim To detect the effect of morphine dependence and withdrawal on the levels of neurosteroids and amino acid neurotransmitters in nucleus accumbens in rat morphine dependent model. Methods Nucleus accumbens was dissected out from morphine dependent and naloxone precipitated withdrawal rats. The contents of neurosteroids including dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, allopregnanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and pregnenolone sulfate were detected with liquid chromatography-negative atmospheric pressure with ionization mass spectrometry(LC-MS). The contents of glycine, glutamate and ?-aminobutyric acid were quantitated by HPLC-ECD with precolumn derivatization. Results Compared with saline group,in nucleus accumbens of morphine withdrawal rats, the level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (P

Objective: To investigate the effect of morphine dependence and withdrawal on the levels of neurosteroids in hippocampus of male rat.Methods: Rats were given (ip) increasing doses of morphine to form morphine physical dependence, withdrawal syndromes were precipitated by naloxone. The conditioned place preference (CPP) was used to establish morphine psychological dependence. The concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), pregnenolone (PREG), pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS), and allopregnanolone (AP) in rat hippocampus and plasma were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results:The rat model of morphine physical and psychological dependence were successfully established by ip increasing doses of morphine for 7 days and 5mg?kg~ -1 morphine for 10 days respectively. Compared with saline control group, morphine physical dependence increased DHEA and PREG contents in rat hippocampus (0.88?0.19/0.67?0.17,t=2.52,10.94?2.02/7.53?2.64,t=3.24,P

Objective To establish a reliable approach for quantification of colony forming unit(CFU)of Mycobac-terium tuberculosis (M.tb)by measuring optical density(OD).Methods M.tb suspension H37Ra was prepared using low-power ultrasonic or glass bead beating methods,and was two-fold serially diluted,OD at 600nm (OD600)of each dilution ratio was measured respectively,OD600 and dilution curve were analyzed to determine the optimum approach for preparing bacterial suspension,linear range of OD600,as well as linear relationship between OD600 and CFU.Results OD600 was 0.1 -0.6,linear regression analysis of OD600 and dilution ratio within linear range revealed that correlation coefficient (R2 )of glass bead beating and low-power ultrasonic methods were 0.98 and 1 .00 respectively,both presented a good correlation,low-power ultrasonic method was better than glass bead beat-ing method,bacterial suspension dispersed more evenly.Linear regression analysis results of OD600 and CFU val-ues showed that the regression equation of glass bead beating method and low-power ultrasonic method were CFU=2.35×107 ×OD600+4.42×105 and CFU=3.26×107 ×OD600+6.89×105 respectively.Conclusion Low-power ultrasonic method is a good method for preparation of M.tb suspension,combined the measurement of OD600 value, it can be a reliable and rapid method for quantitative analysis of M.tb.

Objective To evaluate the technical method,clinical effect,safety and complication of the endovascular interventional therapy of intracranial A1 segment aneurysms of anterior cerebral artery(ACA).Methods The data of 14 cases with ruptured A1 segment aneurysms received interventional therapy were analyzed retrospectively.All patients were admitted with subarachnoid hem-orrhage (SAH)and classified by Hunt-Hess scale.There were 3 cases of Grade Ⅰ,5 cases of Grade Ⅱ,and 6 cases of Grade Ⅲ. One of fourteen patients was treated by stent implantation alone and 10 patients were treated by coiling alone.The other 3 patients were treated by stent-assisted coiling.Results All the cases were embolized successfully and cured.Angiography immediately after procedure showed Raymond Ⅰ in 1 1 patients,RaymondⅡ in 2 patients and Raymond Ⅲ in 1 patient.In one patient a coil loop was partly left in the parent artery.All of them showed excellent outcome without any serious complication except that one patient suf-fered transient left hemiparesis.Conclusion Endovascular interventional therapy is a safe,effective method in the treatment of the intracranial A1 segment ACA aneurysms.

Objective:To assess the role of EGFR mutations on pemetrexed response in patients with advanced lung adenocarcino-ma. Method: Forty pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with evaluable lesions were retrospectively screened .They had been treated with pemetrexed-included chemotherapy and had EGFR gene test results. The evaluation endpoints were overall response rate,disease control rate and progression free survival. Result:No significant statistical difference was seen in overall response rate(ORR) (44.4%VS 31.8%, respectively) and disease control rate(DCR) (88.9%VS 81.8%, respectively ) between EGFR wild group and EGFR muta-tion group, but patients in EGFR wild group had longer progression free survival(PFS) ( 8.9 months VS 5.3 months;P=0.046). Conclu-sion:EGFR mutation status can influence the efficacy of pemetrexed.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of microneuro-surgery for meningiomas of the lateral ventricle.Methods A retrospe CT analysis was performed on 20 patients with meningomas of the lateral ventricle during a 7-year period.Results 20 cases had total tumor removal.among them 6 cases were completed removal,14 cases were cent piece removal.There were no postoperative deaths.The follow-up period ranged from 0.5 to 7 years.All followed patients went well.Conclusion Lateral ventricular meningiomas can be diagnosed by CT or MRI and fedding vascular of tom or revealed by cerebral vascular angiography.By using the ideal approach,the tumors could be totally removed under microscope.