Objective To investigate the expression of p-MNK1 in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with clinic pathological features and prognosis.Methods The level of p-MNK1 in 115 cases of nonsmall cell lung cancer was detected by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry technique.Results The level of p-MNK 1 in non-small cell lung cancer was correlated with cancer tissue type (P ＜ 0.05),clinical stage (P ＜ 0.05),lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.01) and prognosis (P ＜ 0.05).Cox multiple regression analysis showed that p-MNK1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The level of p-MNK1 in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with poor prognosis.It can be used as an independent prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target.

Objective To compare the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications between adult latent autoimmune diabetes(LADA)and type 2 diabetic subjects.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 203 LADA(GADA positive)and 203 T2DM(GADA negative)subjects matched with age,gender and duration as well as family history of diabetes.Parameters of microvascular(albuminuria、eyeground microscopy or fundus fluorescence photography,electromyogram)and macrovascular complications(electrocardiogram,blood pressure,blood lipid,body mass index)as well as blood sugar were compared.Results ①Microvascular complications:Compared with T2DM,LADA cases showed higher prevalence of diabetic nephropathy(39.9%vs.28.6%,P＜0.05)and similar prevalence in diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy(P＞0.05).②Macrovascular complications:LADA cases presented lower prevalence of hypertension(38.9%vs.55.7%,P＜0.01),lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (33.0%vs.45.3%,P＜0.01＝,but similar orevalence of coronarv heart disease (CHD) and erebral infarction(CVD)(P＞0.05).Conclusion LADA patients present less metabolic syndrome,hypertension and more diabetic nephropathy compared with T2DM.

Objective To survey the prevalence of greenhouse farmer's lung and related risk factors in part of rural areas of Liaoning Province.Methods Using uniform scheme,procedures and questionnaire,a survey for 5420 farmers(2660 men and 2760 women)with complete data who work inside greenhouses was performed in Shenyang,Xinmin,Chaoyang,and Jinzhou between August 2006 and June 2009.Pulmonary function tests was performed for every active farmer.Results Greenhouse farmer's lung was diagnosed in 308 cases,205 men(66.55%,205/308)and 103 women(33.44%,103/308),a prevalence of 5.7%(308/5420).The prevalence rate of greenhouse farmer's lung in males was significantly higher than that in females(?2=39.93,P0.05).In the 308 cases,the number of patiernts presented with fever chill,cough/sputum,chest tightness/shortness of breath were 180(58.44%),192(62.34%),160(51.95%)respectively,and the number of crepitations,radiological changes,spirometry abnormalities and serum IgE antibodies(+)was 164(53.25%),153(49.68%),147(47.73%)and 136(44.16%)at the time of the study.62.34%(192/308)of patients with greenhouse farmer's lung were mild and 38.66%(116/308)were severe.Conclusion The total prevalence rate of greenhouse farmer's lung in part of rural areas of Liaoning Province was 5.7% and multiple risk factors were associated with the disease.

Heterotopic ossification is a rare complication of burns, and its incidence and risk factors are still unclear. Through summarizing the literature on heterotopic ossification caused by burns at home and abroad, the author searched for the risk factors of heterotopic ossification after burn and the new progress of its prevention and treatment. It was realized that the size, depth and healing time of burn wounds were related to heterotopic ossification; the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, radiation therapy, and their combination therapy can be used for the prevention of heterotopic ossification; surgery is an effective means of treating heterotopic ossification.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of glycyrrhizic acid on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group， with 10 rats in each group. Experimental group was given glycyrrhizic acid 5 mg/kg and control group was given 0.5％ CMC-Na （sodium carboxymethylcellulose） solution， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. On 14th day after 30 min of intragastric administration， both groups were given nifedipine 3 mg/kg intragastrically. Blood samples 0.5 mL were collected from intraocular vein plexus before and at 0.25， 0.5， 0.75， 1， 1.5， 2， 3， 4， 6， 8， 12 and 24 h after intragastric administration. The concentration of nifedipine was determined by HPLC using diazepam as internal standard. The determination was performed on ODS-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water （62 ∶ 38，     V/V，pH adjusted to 4.5 with acetic acid） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm， and sample size was 20 μL. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with Winonlin 6.0 software， and statistical analysis was performed by t-test. RESULTS： The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the experimental group and the control group were as follows as tmax was （1.40±0.15）， （1.50±0.01） h； cmax was （0.15±0.03）， （0.29±0.09）      mg/L； t1/2 was （4.70±1.17）， （5.20±1.38） h； AUC0-24 h were （1.00±0.10）， （1.89±0.37） mg·h/L； AUC0-∞ was （1.00±0.16）， （1.98±0.32） mg·h/L； MRT was （6.76±0.64）， （6.60±1.36） h， respectively. Compared with control group， cmax， AUC0-24 h and AUC0-∞ of nifedipine were decreased significantly in experimental group， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Glycyrrhizic acid can reduce the bioavailability of nifedipine in rats. It is suggested that the dosage of nifedipine should be increased in order to achieve effective blood concentration.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a lysosome-dependent selective degradation pathway implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate CMA are not fully understood. Here, using unbiased drug screening approaches, we discover Metformin, a drug that is commonly the first medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes, can induce CMA. We delineate the mechanism of CMA induction by Metformin to be via activation of TAK1-IKKα/β signaling that leads to phosphorylation of Ser85 of the key mediator of CMA, Hsc70, and its activation. Notably, we find that amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is a CMA substrate and that it binds to Hsc70 in an IKKα/β-dependent manner. The inhibition of CMA-mediated degradation of APP enhances its cytotoxicity. Importantly, we find that in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), activation of CMA by Hsc70 overexpression or Metformin potently reduces the accumulated brain Aβ plaque levels and reverses the molecular and behavioral AD phenotypes. Our study elucidates a novel mechanism of CMA regulation via Metformin-TAK1-IKKα/β-Hsc70 signaling and suggests Metformin as a new activator of CMA for diseases, such as AD, where such therapeutic intervention could be beneficial.