Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory emergency, but current clinical treatment remains at the level of symptomatic support and there is a lack of effective targeted treatment measures. Our previous study confirmed that inhalation of hydrogen gas can reduce the acute lung injury of ARDS, but the application of hydrogen has flammable and explosive safety concerns. Drinking hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling hydrogen gas has been shown to play an important role in scavenging reactive oxygen species and maintaining mitochondrial quality control balance, thus improving ARDS in patients and animal models. Coral calcium hydrogenation (CCH) is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier prepared from coral calcium (CC). Whether and how CCH affects acute lung injury in ARDS remains unstudied. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effect of CCH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury in ARDS mice. The survival rate of mice treated with CCH and hydrogen inhalation was found to be comparable, demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the untreated ARDS model group. CCH treatment significantly reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, and improved pulmonary function and local microcirculation in ARDS mice. CCH promoted mitochondrial peripheral division in the early course of ARDS by activating mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), improved lung mitochondrial dysfunction induced by LPS, and reduced oxidative stress damage. The results indicate that CCH is a highly efficient hydrogen-rich agent that can attenuate acute lung injury of ARDS by improving the mitochondrial function through Trx2 activation.

Objective:To analyze the imaging manifestations of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)in the patients with pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma,and to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for this disease.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and immunohistochemical results of 22 patients confirmed pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma(21 malignant and 1 benign)by pathology.The imaging features and glucose metabolism characteristics were summarized.Results:The majority of the patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma presented with unilateral pleural diffuse thickening accompanied by increased radiotracer uptake,and the thicknesses were ranged from 1.0 to 10.6 cm and the average semi-quantitative maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)was 10.1.Over half of these patients also had a small amount of pleural effusion.The patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma mostly showed diffuse thickening of the peritoneum,omentum,and mesentery with increased radiotracer uptake,and the thicknesses were from 1.2 to 6.6 cm and the average SUVmax was 8.4,and over half of these patients had a significant amount of abdominal ascites.Besides the primary sites,nodular,striated,and mass-like abnormal radiotracer uptakes were observed in other metastatic sites in 17 cases of malignant mesothelioma,suggesting metastasis,and the average SUVmax was 7.4,predominantly surrounding lymph node metastasis.Bone and muscle metastases were visible in the patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma,while no such metastasis were seen in those with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.One patient with benign pleural mesothelioma presented with bilateral pleural diffuse thickening approximately 3.5 cm thick,without significant abnormal radiotracer uptake and with a minor pleural effusion.Conclusion:The 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging manifestations of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma exhibit the distinctive characteristics.The mode and thickness of pleural and peritoneal thickening,the presence and degree of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake,can preliminarily differentiate between benign and malignant mesothelioma,thus providing valuable references for the early clinical diagnosis of mesothelioma.PET/CT based on whole-body imaging can determine whether there are other sites of metastasis,which is helpful for clinical staging.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Hemophilic arthritis(HA),caused by recurrent bleeding,can seriously affect patient quality of life and consumes extensive social and medical resources.There is thus a need to establish an animal model of HA for research;however,this is limited by ethical requirements.Here we review the recent literature and summarize research progress into animal models of HA at home and abroad,from the aspects of species selection,modeling method,histopathology,and imaging evaluation method.Species selection includes rodents such as mice,New Zealand rabbits,beagles,miniature pigs,and crab-eating macaques.Modeling method comprise gene knockout trauma models,gene knockout spontaneous models,and injection models.Among these,the gene knockout spontaneous model closely mimics the pathological process of spontaneous bleeding and concurrent arthritis in human HA,making it more relevant to human HA.However,due to high modeling costs,phenotypic instability,and low survival rates,this model is not the preferred choice for animal experimental studies.In contrast,gene knockout trauma models exhibit characteristics such as short modeling time,strong stability,and high success rates,thus being widely utilized in animal experimental research.Evaluation of HA models involves various imaging method including MRI,micro-CT,MSKUS/PD,in addition to various gross scoring method.By reviewing the progress of HA model research,more experimental evidence is provided for investigating the pathogenesis and validating the efficacy of HA treatments,thereby compensating for the lack of clinical data,particularly in the field of traditional Chinese medicine therapy.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Transcriptome ; Immunotherapy ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Objective:To establish a reasonable and effective formative evaluation system based on the characteristics of practical teaching of medical laboratory to evaluate the effect of practical teaching and improve the quality and level of teaching.Methods:A survey and research method was used to screen the elements needed for the formative evaluation system, so as to construct the framework and evaluation indicators of the practice teaching of this specialty. The students from Batch 2016 were scored before and after implementing formative evaluation, and the results were statistically analyzed by paired t test with SPSS 20.0 software. Results:The survey results of a total of 30 teachers (experts) and 121 students in this major were counted. According to the practical characteristics of this major, the evaluation system included two first-level indicators, five second-level indicators, and corresponding third-level and fourth-level indicators. After statistical analysis, students' learning interest, practical ability, self-learning ability, team assistance ability and knowledge development ability were all significantly improved after the implementation of formative evaluation ( P<0.01- P<0.05), and students' enthusiasm for class also increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:It proves that the constructed formative evaluation system conforms to the characteristics of practical teaching of medical laboratory, which helps to improve the effect of practical teaching and lays a foundation for its application in the practical teaching of this professional course.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the activity of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammomes during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods:Thirty male C57BL/6J mice, weighing 20-25 g, aged 6-8 weeks, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), I/R group, I/R plus NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 group (I/R+ M group), I/R plus hydrogen-rich saline group (I/R+ H group), and I/R plus MCC950 plus hydrogen-rich saline group (I/R+ M+ H group). The model of renal I/R injury was established by clipping the bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min followed by reperfusion in anesthetized animals.MCC950 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 14 consecutive days before surgery in I/R+ M and I/R+ M+ H groups.Hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h after surgery in I/R+ H and I/R+ M+ H groups.The equal volume of normal sline was given instead in the other groups.Blood samples from hearts were collected at 24 h of reperfusion for determination of concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in serum (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The animals were then sacrificed, and kidney tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of pathological changes of renal tissues (with light microscopes) and for determination of cell apoptosis and expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1 protein and mRNA (by Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group S, the serum concentrations of Cr, BUN, Kim-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased, the kidney injury score and the number of apoptotic cells were increased, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in I/R, I/R+ M, I/R+ H and I/R+ M+ H groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group I/R, the serum concentrations of Cr, BUN, Kim-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased, the kidney injury score and the number of apoptotic cells were decreased, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in I/R+ M, I/R+ H and I/R+ M+ H groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group I/R+ H, the serum concentrations of Cr, BUN, Kim-1 and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased, the kidney injury score and the number of apoptotic cells were decreased, and the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group I/R+ M+ H ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline reduces renal I/R injury is related to inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammomes in mice.

Objective To investigate the expression of p-MNK1 in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with clinic pathological features and prognosis.Methods The level of p-MNK1 in 115 cases of nonsmall cell lung cancer was detected by tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry technique.Results The level of p-MNK 1 in non-small cell lung cancer was correlated with cancer tissue type (P ＜ 0.05),clinical stage (P ＜ 0.05),lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.01) and prognosis (P ＜ 0.05).Cox multiple regression analysis showed that p-MNK1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The level of p-MNK1 in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with poor prognosis.It can be used as an independent prognostic marker and a new therapeutic target.

Objective:To evaluate the value of adenosine triphophate (ATP)stress/rest nuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)in the diagnosis of female patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:The clinical materials of 47 female suspected CHD patients were retrospectively analyzed,aged from 39 to 74 years,and the average age was (53.7±6.3)years old.All patients were hospitalized and underwent two-day ATP stress and rest nuclide MPI and coronary angiography (CAG)in two weeks. The results and images of MPI and CAG were evaluated by more than 2 attending physicians. Using CAG as the “gold standard”, the diagnostic efficiency (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of MPI for CHD was evaluated. Results:Compared with CAG, the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ATP stress MPI in diagnosing the female CHD patients were 81.3% (13/16),77.4% (24/31)and 78.7% (37/47)individually;the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 65.0% (13/20)and 88.9% (24/27).There were no severe adverse effects in the ATP stress test and the incidence of adverse effects was 85.1%.Conclusion:There is a highly diagnostic efficiency of ATP stress MPI in the CHD patients.It can be the first choice of examination methods for screening without injury and diagnosing the myocardial ischemia in the female patients.

Aims To extract,separate and identify the flavonoid constituents in Humulus Scandens and to ex-plore the relationship of monomers and alveolar fluid clearance (AFC)in mice in vivo.Methods Humulus scandens were extracted with alcohol and then isolated by the technology of Column and the structures were i-dentified by spectrometry.In vivo AFC was measured using bovine serum albumin protein assays affected by luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (LGL ) and cosmsiin (AGL).Results The main constituents of flavanones
in Humulus scandens were LGL and AGL.Both of them could improve the AFC.Conclusion The AFCs of LGL and AGL,compared to the blank control group, increased which explains the effect of flavonoid constit-uents on removing edema and promoting water absorp-tion.