Purpose To explore the pathological feature of urinary exfoliated cell examination and influence factors by retrospectively comparing the coincidence of diagnosis between urinary exfoliated cell examination and histopathologic results of cystoscopic biopsy. Methods 735 patients underwent both urinary exfoliated cell examination and histopathologic biopsy of cystoscope evaluation from No-vember 2010 to July 2014 in Peking University Shougang Hospital were enrolled in this study. The urinary exfoliated cells were treated with Pap staining, while the histopathologic biopsy were dealt with HE staining. All cases were divided into three groups according to the diagnosis of urinary exfoliated cell examination:negative group ( no cancer or atypical cell detected) , suspicious group ( atypical cell detected) and positive group ( cancer cell detected) . These above diagnoses were confirmed with the histopathologic biopsy. ROC curve analysis, Cochran-Armitage trend test and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of urinary exfoliated cell examination as well as the relationship between diagnoses with age and sex. Results The age range of 735 patients (551 male and 184 female) was 28 ~91 years and the median age was 69 years. There were 187 patients in the positive group, including 184 malignant and 3 false-positive cases. The suspicious group, including 186 cases, consisted of 67 malignant, 119 benign reactive changes. Of all 362 cases in the negative group, malignant tumor was detected in 90 cases. For histologic diagnosis, the AUC of ROC(95%CI)was 0. 800 (0. 767~0. 834), displaying significant difference as compared to the histological pathological diagnostic results(P<0. 001). As the cyto-histologic diagnostic level elevated from negative, suspicious to positive, the results of Co-chran-Armitage trend test showed significant differences(Z=15. 83, P<0. 001). If standardized with the histopathologic biopsy re-sults, the AUC (area under curve) of urinary exfoliated cell examination was 0. 800 (0. 767~0. 834) in ROC curve analysis was sig-nificantly larger (P<0. 001). Furthermore, we also found in Logistic regression that the incidence of cancer was 1. 04 (1. 03~1. 05) times higher if aged one year older ( P<0. 001 ) , while there was no significant relationship between the incidence and the sex ( P=0. 655). Conclusions The coincidence rate of urinary exfoliated cell examination increases with the malignant degree. A positive cor-relation is detected between age and the incidence of malignant tumor. Detailed clinical material can markedly improve the sensitivity and accuracy of cyto-histologic diagnosis.

Aim To investigate the modulation effects of NaHS on arterial vasodilatation functions of renal hy-pertensive rats .Methods Two-kidney , one-c lip ( 2K1C ) renovascular hypertension was induced .Rats were randomly divided into four group:sham group , two-kidney one-clip model ( 2K1C ) group, 2KIC +NaSH( H2 S donor ) group, PPG group.The systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was measured before the opera-tion and each week after the operation .The carotid ar-tery was collected for morphometric parameters ( outer radius, wall thickness, the radio of wall thickness to outer radius) and the tension of the carotid artery was observed with the isolated artery ring technique .Immu-nohistochemistry was used to determine the protein ex-pression of eNOS , ET-1 protein in carotid artery .Re-sults The blood pressure of 2K1C group and PPG group was higher than that of sham group ( P<0.05) . Compared with 2K1C group,the blood pressure and the rat arteria carotis communis of the radio of wall thick-ness to outer radius of 2K1C+NaHS group decreased significantly , while the relaxation of carotid artery to ACh in NaHS group increased .According to the immu-nohistochemistry results , eNOS expression was upregu-lated while ET-1 was downregulated in 2K1C +NaHS group as compared with 2K1C group.Conclusions Chronical administration of NaHS can decrease blood pressure in renovasocular hypertensive rats .The anti-hypertensive effect of H 2 S maybe associated with im-provement of the arterial functions .

Objective To explore the relationship between drug resistance of leukemic cells and Caspase-3,this study took adriamycin(ADR)-resistant human chronic granulocytic leukemic cell strain K562/AO_2 as research subject,observing the cell survival and the morphological change of cell apoptosis under the action of ADR and arsenic sulfide and the Caspase-3 activity before and after putting in the Caspase-3 inhibitor.Methods ① The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) method was used to determine the cell survival(A value) of K562/AO_(2)cell strain under the action of ADR and arsenic sulfide.② DNA agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to observe the DNA cleavage of apoptotic cells.③ The enzyme colorimetric activity assay(CAA) method was used to measure the change of the Caspase-3 activity of K562/AO_(2) cell strain.Results ① The A value of K562/AO_(2) cells had a time and dosage dependent relation with arsenic sulfide.② Apoptosis occurred in the K562/AO_(2) cell strain affected by arsenic sulfide.③ Compared with the cell strains with the Caspase-3 inhibitor added,the Caspase-3 activity of those without the Caspase-3 inhibitor increased remarkably(P

After Human Gene Project, studying the kinetics of DNA translocation through a nanopore, and developing a novel fast DNA sequencing technology by using nanopore have become one of the hot in gene-research). This contribution provides an overview of nanopore macromolecular identification,including bionanopore and solid-state nanopore, while the perspective of these research are also summarized.

AIM: To explore the role of NO/ inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the metabotromi glutamate receptor 2/3C (mGluR2/3) mediated-brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning (CIP), and to observe the influences of α-methyl- (4-tetrazolyl- phenyl) glycine (MTPG), an antagonist of mGluR2/3, on the expression of iNOS during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to four vessel occluding global brain ischemic model. Thionin staining and immunohistochemistry were used for neuropathological evaluation and assay of iNOS expression in the hippocampal CA1 subregion of the rats. RESULTS: In the sham group, weak expression of iNOS was detected. The expression of iNOS in the CIP and CIP+ischemic insult groups were increased significantly compared with that in the sham group. Administration of MTPG via lateral cerebral ventricle 20 min before CIP blocked the up-regulation of iNOS induced by CIP, but had no influence on the pyramidal neuron survival. However, in the MTPG+CIP+ischemic insult group, the expression of iNOS was extremely intensive compared to that in CIP and MTPG+CIP groups. Importantly, this up-regulation was accompanied with obvious delayed neuronal death. CONCLUSION: NO/iNOS pathway plays an important role in the process of mGluR2/3 mediated-brain ischemic tolerance induced by CIP.

BACKGROUND: Metabotropic glutamate receptor(mGluR) is G-protein coupled membrane receptors, which participate in various physiology or pathology process in brain, but how it induce brain ischemic tolerance(BIT)is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To study roles of mGluR2/3 and mGluR1/5 in the BIT induction.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on experimental animals.SETTING: Neurological department of provincial hospital and pathophysiological department of basic institute in a university.MATERIALS: The study was conducted at the Pathophysiological Department, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University from May 2002 to May 2003. Totally 64 healthy male SD rats were selected from the Experimental Animal Center of Hebei Medical University. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, MTPG and(s)-4C3HPG were got from Sigma Company.INTERVENTIONS: 4 vessel occlusion(4VO) brain ischemic models in rats stained with thionine staining and GFAP immunohistochemistry staining. were used. Sixty-four rats, of which bilateral vertebral arteries were occluded permanently by electrocautery, were divided into the following 8groups: sham operation group, cerebral ischemic preconditioning(CIP)group, ischemic insult group; BIT group; MTPG + sham operation group;MTPG+BIT group; MTPG+ischemia group and(s) -4C3HPG+BIT coup. All the rats were killed 7 days after the operation or the final ischemic treatment. Cerebral sections were selected and stained with thionine staining and GFAP immunohistochemistry staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The changes of the morphologic hippocampal pyramidal cell and GFAP expression of astrocyte.RESULTS: ① The 8 minutes ischemic insult increased the histological grade(HG) in CA1 area, decreased the pyramidal neuronal density(ND)and increased the expression of GFAP significantly( P ＜ 0.05) . ② The above changes were not observed in the BIT group, indicating that the CIP could protect pyramidal neurons against the 8-minute ischemic insult. ③The protective effects of the CIP were blocked by MTPG or(s)-4C3HPG, as manifested by significant increases in HG and decreases in ND in the groups of MTPG + BIT, MTPG + ischemia and(s)-4C3HPG + BIT( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: MTPG or (s) -4C3HPG could block the induction of BIT induced by CIP, but mGluR2/3 or mGluR1/5 could participate in the induction of BIT by which protect effect of mGluR is further induced.

Objective To assess the value of double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in etiological diagnosis of small bowel ulcer.Methods The clinical and endoscopic data of patients undergoing DBE at the Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2010 to January 2016 were reviewed.For patients with small bowel ulcer revealed by DBE, the etiologic diagnosis was retrospectively analyzed.Results One hundred and three patients with small bowel ulcer were included in the analysis.The initial diagnosis based on morphology of ulcer was Crohn's disease (58.3%, 60/103), intestinal tuberculosis (18.4%,19/103), etiology unknown (24.3%, 25/103).The final diagnosis comprehensively based on pathology, clinical data and disease outcome was Crohn's disease (44.7%,46/103), intestinal tuberculosis (18.4%,19/103), lymphoma (3.8%,4/103), eosinophils enteritis (1.9%,2/103), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteritis (1.9%,2/103), adenocarcinoma (1.0%,1/103), stroma tumor (1.0%,1/103),ischemic enteritis (1.0%,1/103), vascular malformation (1.0%,1/103), Henoch-Schonlein purpura (1.0%,1/103), etiology unknown (24.3,25/103).The accurate diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate for Crohn's disease by DBE were 73.3%(44/60)and 10.0%(6/60).The accurate diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate for intestinal tuberculosis by DBE were 14/18 and 2/18.Conclusion There are diversity and complexity in etiologic diagnosis of small bowel ulcer.The diagnosis should be based on the comprehensive analysis of morphology of ulcer, endoscopic and surgical pathology and clinical data.Follow up of small bowel ulcer by DBE may provide important information for etiologic diagnosis.

Objective To observe the characteristic changes in cardiac function and to raise diagnostic accuracy and sensibility.Methods 39 silent myocardial ischemia and 58 angina and 46 age-matched healthy subjects and 62 obsolete myocardial infarction underwent myocardial tomography imaging and gated ventricular imaging.Covariance analysis was used to compare difference between SPECT imaging and parameters of function.The age was tested as covariate factor,then SNK-Q test and multiple comparison were carried on.Results The silent myocardial ischemia and angina showed reversible radioactive defect or fixed defect.Most of myocardial SMI showed single peak exempt TPFR.EF,PFR and PER showed remarkably statistical difference (P<0.01).The multiple comparison of PFR and PER was increased according by OMI,AN,SMI and negative control group (P<0.05).Conclusions The myocardial damage and PFR,PER in SMI is lower than that in AN group,which have no remarkably influence on the parameters of diastolic and retractile function in left ventricular.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnosis value of 99mTc-single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)brain blood perfusion imaging in intractable paroxysmal epilepsy and analyse the imaging character.Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight intractable paroxysmal epilepsy patients performed99mTc-SPECT,MRI,CT,and electroencephalogram(EEG).The results of examinations were ana lyzed and compared.Results The positive rate of epileptic focus in brain SPECT blood perfusion imaging in the generalized tonic-clonic seizure,absence seizure,partial seizure and complex partial seizure were 85.7%,95.7%,89.8%and 90.9%,the positive rate were much higher than those in other methods(P＜0.01).The 23 patients with SPECT focus were carried on a-γ-knife treatment with follow-up for more than one year,and the efficient rate was 78.26%.Conclusions The detection sentivity of SPECT is distinctively higher than that in others.SPECT has an important clinical value to define target region of the stereotaxic radio surgery.