Objective To evaluate the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on NR1 expression and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex of adult rats .Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats , weighing 250-280 g ,were randomly assigned into 3 groups using a random number table :control group (group C , n=6 ) ,O2 inhalation group (group O , n=6 ) and isoflurane anesthesia group (group I , n=24 ) .The rats were exposed to 2% isoflurane (group I) ,to pure oxygen (group O) ,or to air (group C) for 2 h .At 2 h ,and 1 ,7 and 14 days after the rats were awake (T1-4 ) ,Morris water maze test was performed .The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed for isolation of the hippocampus and cortex .NR1 expression was detected using SABC immuno-histochemical technique and neuronal apoptosis was determined using TUNEL .Results Compared with group C , the escape latency at T2 and total swimming distance at T1 ,2 were significantly prolonged , and the expression of NR1 in hippocampi was down-regulated at T1 ,2 in group I ,and the expression of NR1 in the cortex was down-regulated in O and I groups ( P<0.05) .There was no significant difference in the apoptosis index between the three groups ( P> 0.05 ) .Conclusion Isoflurane anesthesia can decrease the cognitive function transiently ,which is related to inhibition of up-regulation of NR1 expression in the hippocampi ,but not related to neuronal apoptosis in adult rats .

Objective:Total 621 cases of medical disputes occurred during 2000 to 2013 were analyzed retro-spectively, to investigate the dispute factors and analysis of improvement, to promote doctor-patient relationship. Methods:621cases of medical disputes from 2000 to 2013, on a case by case attributes are classified, analyzed two year interval comparison, find the dispute factors in evolution.Results:Through the analysis of 621 cases of disputes over property, complications of the disease cause dispute case first, economic reasons, the second medical defect.Conclusions:Analysis of the two year interval comparison shows:how to strengthen the hospital scientific management, innovative service mode, the medical system implemented is the important link of reducing medical disputes.

AIM:To investigate the formation of membrane pore in PC 12 cells induced by exogenous adenosine triphosphate ( ATP) and to identify the key molecular targets .METHODS:PC12 cells were treated with different concen-trations of ATP to establish the injury model .The morphological change was observed under an inverted phase -contrast mi-croscope.The viability of the PC12 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay.Fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1 was used to detect the membrane permeability.The expression of P2X7 receptor and pannexin 1 (Panx1) at mRNA and protein levels was as-sessed by real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:After exposed to ATP (1 mmol/L, 3 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L) for 3 h, the PC12 cells became edematous , and the number of adherent cells decreased gradually in a dose-dependent man-ner .The cell viabilities in 3 mmol/L ATP group and 5 mmol/L ATP group were significantly decreased compared with con-trol group (P<0.05).YO-PRO-1 uptake in the PC12 cells exposed to ATP (0, 1, 3 and 5 mmol/L) for 15 min, 30 min and 60 min increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner .The cell viability increased and the intracellular fluorescence intensity induced by ATP were significantly antagonized in brilliant blue G ( a P2X7 receptor inhibitor ) pre-treatment group (P<0.05), whereas it did not change in carbenoxolone (a Panx1 inhibitor) pretreatment group (P>0. 05).The expression of P2X7 receptor at mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the expres-sion of Panx1 was not changed ( P>0.05) when PC12 cells were exposed to ATP for 3 h.CONCLUSION:Extracellular ATP at high concentration may induce membrane pore formation with the expression and activation of P 2X7 receptor in PC12 cells.

Purpose To detect the HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization(FISH) and to explore its clinicopathologic relationship with the breast cancer.Methods A prospective study was conducted in 50 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma from Beijing Toren Hospital. Clinicopathologic data were summarized and FISH was performed in the paraffin-embedded sections for HER2 gene amplificayion using DNA probe, and immunohistochemical stain for ER, PR and HER2.Results The average age of the patients was 55.5 years. The pathologic grading showed that 11 cases were in grade Ⅰ, 30 cases in grade Ⅱ, and 9 cases in grade Ⅲ. The TNM staging showed that 13 cases were in stage Ⅰ,15 cases in ⅡA,13 cases in ⅡB,6 cases in ⅢA,2 cases in ⅢB,and 1 case in ⅢC.The median metastasis rate of lymph node was 6.91%.33 cases were positive for ER,and 32 cases positive for PR.For HER2 detection, 40 cases were positive by IHC and 33 positive by FISH. HER2 gene amplification by FISH was closely related with the expression of HER2 protein by immunohistochemistry, but not significantly related with pathologic grading, The TNM staging, median lymph node metastasis rate, ER and PR status (P>0.05). FISH test was positive in 3 cases of tumor embolus and 3 cases of multiple primary tumors. Conclusions FISH and immunohistochemistry for detecting HER2 have a good conformance, HER2 gene amplification may be related with tumor embolus and multiple primary tumors, but it can not be used as an indirect marker to predict the prognosis.

Objective To understand the variation rules of schistosomiasis endemic situation before and after schistosomia-sis transmission controlled or interrupted,so as to provide the evidence for the consolidation of control achievements. Meth-ods In Anhui Province,3 counties reaching the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled or interrupted were selected and their historical endemic data were collected and analyzed statistically from 10 years before the schistosomiasis transmission controlled to 2008. Results In Tianchang City,the Oncomelania hupensis snail area was 3.54 hm2 in a part of the lake marsh-land in the year reaching the criteria of transmission controlled(1998),and no snails were found in the year of transmission in-terrupted(2008). No stool-test-positive resident was detected except there were 58 acute schistosomiasis cases in 1993,and the sero-test-positive rate of local residents remained at low levels(0-1.55%). In Taihu County,the snail area was 0.84 hm2 account-ing for 0.06%of its historical accumulative snail areas in the year of transmission controlled(1971),and no snails were found three years before the transmission interrupted (1983). However,the schistosomiasis endemic rebounded 12 years later (1995),there was an outbreak of acute schistosome infections(73 cases),and the snail area increased again to 133.7 hm2 ac-counting for 2.91%of historical accumulative snail areas. After that,the snail area kept on rising and the infection rates of resi-dents and bovine remained higher than 1%. In Guangde County,the snail area was 32.4 hm2 accounting for 1.90%of its histori-cal accumulative snail areas in the year of transmission controlled(1995). After that,the snail area increased progressively, and the schistosomiasis endemic rebounded and there were acute schistosome infections 5 years later. The Spearman tests showed that the sero-test-positive rate(Tianchang City)and the stool-test-positive rates of residents and bovine(Taihu County)had positive correlations with the snail areas(r=0.582,0.401,0.596,all P<0.05). Conclusion The snail status is a key for the consolidation of schistosomiasis transmission controlled and interrupted. Therefore,a valid surveillance system of snail situa-tion should be established as quickly as possible.

Biopsy ; Endopeptidase K ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Lupus Nephritis ; pathology ; Paraffin Embedding ; Staining and Labeling

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis of cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: A pair of twins with cerebral palsy and different phenotypes were subjected to whole genome sequencing, and other 8 children with CP were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Genetic variations were screened by a self-designed filtration process in order to explore the CP-related biological pathways and genes. RESULTS: Three biological pathways related to CP were identified, which included axon guiding, transmission across chemical synapses and protein-protein interactions at synapses, and 25 susceptibility genes for CP were identified. CONCLUSION The molecular mechanism of CP has been explored, which may provide clues for development of new treatment for CP.
Cerebral Palsy ; genetics ; Child ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Whole Exome Sequencing ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Objective:To investigate the relationship between spread through air spaces(STAS) of peripheral stage ⅠA small adenocarcinoma of the lung(≤2 cm) and related factors such as clinical and CT morphological features, and to construct a nomogram model.Methods:Relevant clinical, pathological and imaging data of patients who underwent lung surgery and were diagnosed as peripheral stage ⅠA small lung adenocarcinoma by postoperative pathology in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from 2017 to 2022 were collected, of which cases that met the inclusion criteria from 2017 to 2021 served as the training group, and those that met the inclusion criteria in 2022 served as the validation group. The independent risk factors for the occurrence of STAS in peripheral stage ⅠA lung small adenocarcinoma were investigated by using univariate analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis, based on which a nomogram prediction model was constructed, and the subjects were analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristic curve( ROC), correction model, etc. were used to evaluate the model. Results:A total of 430 patients who met the criteria were included, including 351 patients in the training group(109 STAS-positive and 242 STAS-negative) and 79 patients in the validation group(23 STAS-positive and 56 STAS-negative). Univariate analysis showed that the patients in the two groups showed a significant difference in age(>58 years old), gender, smoking history, tumor location(subpleural, non-subpleural), pleural pull, nodule type, nodule maximal diameter, solid component maximal diameter, consolidation tumor ratio(CTR), lobulation sign, burr sign, bronchial truncation sign, vascular sign(includes thickening and distortion of blood vessels in/around the nodes), satellite lesions, and ground-glass band sign were statistically significant( P<0.05). The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that CTR( OR=4.98, P<0.001), lobulation sign( OR=4.07, P=0.013), burr sign( OR=3.66, P<0.001), and satellite lesions( OR=3.56, P=0.009) were the independent risk factors for the occurrence of STAS. Applying the above factors to construct the nomogram model and validate the model, the results showed that the ROC curve was plotted by the nomogram prediction model, and the area under the ROC curve( AUC) of the training set was 0.840(sensitivity 0.835, specificity 0.734), and the validation set had an AUC value of 0.852(sensitivity 0.786, specificity 0.783), and the training set and validation set calibration curves have good overlap with the ideal curve. Conclusion:CTR, lobular sign, burr sign, and satellite lesions are independent risk factors for STAS, and the nomogram model constructed in this study has good predictive value.

AIM: To evaluate the bioequivalence of two candesartan cilexetil tablet formulations in healthy Chinese subjects after administration of a single dose, and an artificial neural network model was established to predict the candesartan plasma concentration, and provide a basis for clinical rational use of drugs. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled for oral administration of a single 8 mg dose of candesartan cilexetil tablet (test or reference product) under fasting or fed conditions to conduct a bioequivalence study. The bioequivalence results were used to build a back-propagation artificial neural network model by MATLAB software, and the model was internally and externally verified to predict the plasma concentration. RESULTS: Under both fasting and fed conditions, the C