Objective To investigate the levels of inflammatory cytokines in children with low absolute lymphocyte count (ALC).Methods 56 patients with low ALC as the patients group and 20 children with healthy physical examination as the control group were enrolled.Several inflammatory cytokines,namely IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-βwere measured with enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay(ELISA)kits.High sensitive C reactive protein(Hs-CRP)was measured by the immunoturbidimetry(ITM)kit with the automatic biochemical analyzer.Results The concentrations of IL-1,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-βin the patients were(0.096±0.012) ng/mL,(0.118±0.026)ng/mL,(0.388 ±0.069)ng/mL and(1.256 ±0.245 )ng/mL respectively,which had no statistical differ-ences as compared with the control group(P >0.05);the concentration of HsCRP in the patients group was(5.7±2.8)mg/L,while which in the control group was(4.8±2.6)mg/L,showing no statistically significant difference between them(P >0.05).Conclusion The levels of the cytokines in low ALC patients are not increased,which may be related with the other factors.Actively using tra-ditional Chinese medicine treatment is beneficial to the recovery of disease.

The improving brain circulation is the most important aspect in protecting brain from the ischemic trauma. This frauma on pathophysiology includes the two stages which are related to different treatments. The paper induced some therapeutic progress, such as thrombolytic therapy, the use of anticoagulation agents, antiplatelet drugs, neuroprotectine agents, intracerebral transplantation, antiedama, and reducing intracranieal pressure.

We report the results of nephrectomy under laparoscopy for 3 patients. Three patients were subjected to laparoscopy for the treatment of hydronephrosis of no function under general aneshesia. Succesiful operation was performed in the 3 patients without complication, the average operation time being 240 minutes, and hospitelization duration averaging 4.5 days.

8 cases of adrenal tumors were subjected to laparoscopy from October 2000 to June 2001.Success was achieved in 7 cases, one patient was convevted to open surgery because of bleeding. Recovery was uneventful in all without complication. The indications and technique of operation as well as complications were discussed.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for female stress urinary incontinence. Methods Thirteen cases of stress urinary incontinence confirmed by urodynamics examinations underwent treatment with tension-free vaginal tape through the anterior vaginal wall under an epidural anesthesia. The patients were positioned in the lithotomy position. Dissection was performed alongside the urethra bilaterally by way of the anterior vaginal wall. A TVT suprapubic tape was passed through the lower abdominal wall and was positioned and adjusted. Results The operation time was 15~45 min (mean, 35 min). Follow-up observations for 6~24 months (mean, 13 months) in 13 cases revealed 12 cases of cure and 1 case of improvement. No recurrent urinary incontinence or dysuria was noted. Conclusions Treatment with TVT is a simple, effective and minimally invasive procedure for stress urinary incontinence, with a short operative time and a quick postoperative recovery.

Objective To evaluate the occurrence of antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with combined androgen blockade. Methods 24 cases of advanced prostate cancer (10 in stage C and 14 in stage D) were retrospectively studied. All the patients have been treated with combined androgen blockade (bilateral orchiectomy and flutamide). After initial beneficial response to hormonal therapy (duration 7 to 36 months), the disease became progressing.Flutamide was then discontinued. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and symptoms alterations were observed. Results Following withdrawal of flutamide, 8 patients showed a decline in PSA (mean 75%).In 6 the PSA declined more than 50%. Clinical symptoms improved in 4 patients and the prostate mass became smaller in 2. The mean duration of improvement was 4.3 months. Conclusions In patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer after initial combined androgen blockade, a trial of "antiandrogen withdrawal" is a reasonable therapeutic management prior to other more toxic therapies.

Objective To evaluate parathyroidectomy combined with parathyroid tissue transplantation in forearm in the treatment of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP). Methods 9 cases treated with the procedure were reviewed.The diagnosis,operation indication and peri operative management were discussed. Results Thirty five hypertrophic parathyroids were resected from the 9 cases with SHP,and a left thyroidectomy was carried out for one case.Some parathyroid tissue has been grafted into the forearm for every patient.All of those grafts have survived.The symptoms va nished in all and the relevent laboratory tests recovered to normal after the surgery. Conclusions This surgical strategy is safe and effective for SHP not benefited from medical therapy.

0.05. Conclusions Radical nephrectomy remains the cardinal method for the treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma. Extensive retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy does not improve the survival.

Objective To study the relationship between urinary heparin and human bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) Methods Reverse polarity capillary electrophonesis(RPCE)in a phosphate buffer was used to determine the value of urinary heparin in 19 patients with BTCC and in 9 normal individuals. Results The value of urinary heparin was (2.37?1.06)?g/L in 9 normal subjects,(1.11?0.45)?g/L in 9 patients with Ta～T 1 BTCC and (0.41?0.13)?g/L in 10 patients with T 2～T 4 BTCC. Conclusions Falling of urinary heparin in BTCC plays an important role in the occurrence and invasiveness of BTCC.

Objective To study the diagnosis accuracy and the treatment sequelae of adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder. Methods 41 cases of urinary bladder adenocarcinoma have been encountered from 1980 to 2000,all of them had undergone operation and the diagnosis being assessed on histopathology studies.There are 18 cases of primary bladder adenocarcinoma,among which 8 had undergone radical cystectomy and 10 partial cystectomy.Among 12 cases of urachal adenocarcinoma extending to the bladder,11 received extended resection.All the 11 patitents with metastatic focus in the bladder underwent local ablation. Results Urinary bladder adenocarcinoma comprised 3.2% of the bladder cancer.Thirty seven patients have been followed up for five months to ten years.The 1 year survival rate was 51.3%(19 cases),the 2 year survival rate 43.2%(16 cases) and the 5 year survival rate 21.6%(8 cases). Conclusions Radical total cystectomy is the treatment of choice for primary adenocarcinoma of bladder and extended partial cystectomy seems to be the best for urachal adenocarcinoma. Comprehension therapy should be undertaken for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma or tumor recurrence so as to improve the survival rate.