Objective To investigate changes in the firing activities of nucleus accumbens (NAc)neurons and their response to 5-HT7 receptor stimulation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD).Methods The firing activities and response of NAc neurons to 5-HT7 receptor agonist in PD rats were recorded by in vivo electroneurophysiology and neuropharmacology and then were compared with those in the sham group.Results The mean firing rate of NAc neurons was (5.46 ±0.88)Hz in the sham rats and (3.77 ±0.48)Hz in the PD rats. The firing rate of NAc neurons increased significantly compared with that in the sham rats (P <0.05).In PD rats, 65% of NAc neurons fired in bursts and 35% fired irregularly.However,in the sham rats,57.5% of NAc neurons fired in bursts and 42.5% fired irregularly.There was no significant difference in the firing pattern of NAc neurons between the PD and sham rats (P >0.05 ).Systemic administration of 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS1 9 increased the firing rate of NAc neurons in the sham and PD rats.This excitation was significant at a high dose of 1 60 μg/kg for NAc neurons in the sham rats (P <0.05).However,the excitation produced by AS1 9 was significant at a high dose of 80 μg/kg in PD rats (P <0.05).The cumulative dose-produced excitation in the PD rats was lower than that in the sham rats.The effects induced by AS1 9 were reversed by the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970 in both groups.Conclusion The reinforced firing activity of NAc neurons might be mediated by 5-HT7 receptor in the neurons of PD rats.

AIM: To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Phellodendron amurense egtract on hippocampal nerve cells induced be Aβ

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Neurotensin is a gut-brain peptide with both inhibitory and excitatory actions on the colonic musculature; our objective was to understand the implications of this for motor patterns occurring in the intact colon of the rat. METHODS: The effects of neurotensin with concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 nM were studied in the intact rat colon in vitro, by investigating spatio-temporal maps created from video recordings of colonic motility before and after neurotensin. RESULTS: Low concentration of neurotensin (0.1-1 nM) inhibited propagating long distance contractions and rhythmic propagating motor complexes; in its place a slow propagating rhythmic segmental motor pattern developed. The neurotensin receptor 1 antagonist SR-48692 prevented the development of the segmental motor pattern. Higher concentrations of neurotensin (10 nM and 100 nM) were capable of restoring long distance contraction activity and inhibiting the segmental activity. The slow propagating segmental contraction showed a rhythmic contraction—relaxation cycle at the slow wave frequency originating from the interstitial cells of Cajal associated with the myenteric plexus pacemaker. High concentrations given without prior additions of low concentrations did not evoke the segmental motor pattern. These actions occurred when neurotensin was given in the bath solution or intraluminally. The segmental motor pattern evoked by neurotensin was inhibited by the neural conduction blocker lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Neurotensin (0.1-1 nM) inhibits the dominant propulsive motor patterns of the colon and a distinct motor pattern of rhythmic slow propagating segmental contractions develops. This motor pattern has the hallmarks of haustral boundary contractions.
Absorption ; Animals ; Baths ; Colon* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Lidocaine ; Myenteric Plexus ; Neural Conduction ; Neurotensin* ; Peristalsis ; Rats* ; Receptors, Neurotensin ; Video Recording

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of robot-assisted femoral tunnel localization in reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 36 patients who had been admitted to Department of Sports Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan between January 2019 and January 2022 due to recurrent patellar dislocation. There were 15 males and 21 females; age: 23.5 (18.3, 29.0) years; number of dislocations: 2.5 (2.0, 3.0). They were stratified into 2 cohorts based on utilization of robot-assistance. In the observation group (17 cases), the femoral tunnel localization was robot-assisted in MPFL reconstruction; in the control group (19 cases), the femoral tunnel localization was guided by C-arm fluoroscopy in MPFL reconstruction. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, frequency of guide wire placement, visual analogue scale (VAS) at postoperative 1 d, patellar tilt angle (PTA) and the disparity between actual femoral tunnel insertion and ideal tunnel insertion point (Sch?ttle point) at postoperative 1 to 3 d, and Lysholm knee score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score at the last follow-up.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 12.0 (10.3, 13.0) months. In the observation group, the operation time [(64.1±16.7) min], frequency of guide wire placement [1.0 (1.0, 2.0) times], VAS [2.5 (2.0, 3.0) points], and disparity between actual femoral tunnel insertion and ideal tunnel insertion point [(4.7±1.2) mm] were significantly better than those in the control group [(84.2±19.7) min, 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) times, 3.5 (3.0, 4.0) points, and (6.1±1.2) mm] ( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in PTA, Lysholm knee score or IKDC score ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The short-term clinical efficacy of robot-assisted femoral tunnel localization is satisfactory in MPFL reconstruction. Compared with the intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy, robot-assisted localization can decrease the frequency of guide wire placement, enhance femoral tunnel accuracy and efficiency, and alleviate more postoperative pain for the patients.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of chitosan (CS) hydrogel loaded with tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs; hereinafter referred to as TDSCs/CS hydrogel) on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair in rabbits. METHODS: TDSCs were isolated from the rotator cuff tissue of 3 adult New Zealand white rabbits by Henderson step-by-step enzymatic digestion method and identified by multidirectional differentiation and flow cytometry. The 3rd generation TDSCs were encapsulated in CS to construct TDSCs/CS hydrogel. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the proliferation of TDSCs in the hydrogel after 1-5 days of culture in vitro, and cell compatibility of TDSCs/CS hydrogel was evaluated by using TDSCs alone as control. Another 36 adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n=12): rotator cuff repair group (control group), rotator cuff repair+CS hydrogel injection group (CS group), and rotator cuff repair+TDSCs/CS hydrogel injection group (TDSCs/CS group). After establishing the rotator cuff repair models, the corresponding hydrogel was injected into the tendon-to-bone interface in the CS group and TDSCs/CS group, and no other treatment was performed in the control group. The general condition of the animals was observed after operation. At 4 and 8 weeks, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the relative expressions of tendon forming related genes (tenomodulin, scleraxis), chondrogenesis related genes (aggrecan, sex determining region Y-related high mobility group-box gene 9), and osteogenesis related genes (alkaline phosphatase, Runt-related transcription factor 2) at the tendon-to-bone interface. At 8 weeks, HE and Masson staining were used to observe the histological changes, and the biomechanical test was used to evaluate the ultimate load and the failure site of the repaired rotator cuff to evaluate the tendon-to-bone healing and biomechanical properties. RESULTS: CCK-8 assay showed that the CS hydrogel could promote the proliferation of TDSCs ( P<0.05). qPCR results showed that the expressions of tendon-to-bone interface related genes were significantly higher in the TDSCs/CS group than in the CS group and control group at 4 and 8 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of tendon-to-bone interface related genes at 8 weeks after operation were significantly higher than those at 4 weeks after operation in the TDSCs/CS group ( P<0.05). Histological staining showed the clear cartilage tissue and dense and orderly collagen formation at the tendon-to-bone interface in the TDSCs/CS group. The results of semi-quantitative analysis showed that compared with the control group, the number of cells, the proportion of collagen fiber orientation, and the histological score in the TDSCs/CS group increased, the vascularity decreased, showing significant differences ( P<0.05); compared with the CS group, the proportion of collagen fiber orientation and the histological score in the TDSCs/CS group significantly increased ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the number of cells and vascularity ( P>0.05). All samples in biomechanical testing failed at the repair site during the testing process. The ultimate load of the TDSCs/CS group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the CS group ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION TDSCs/CS hydrogel can induce cartilage regeneration to promote rotator cuff tendon-to-bone healing.
Rabbits ; Animals ; Rotator Cuff/surgery* ; Chitosan ; Hydrogels ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; Wound Healing ; Tendons/surgery* ; Collagen ; Stem Cells ; Biomechanical Phenomena

Cardiovascular diseases （CVD），a group of common diseases in clinical practice，are witnessing a steady rise in both incidence and mortality rates，posing a challenge to public health. Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang，originating from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》），was initially used to treat severe cases of chest impediment. The formula consists of Trichosanthis Fructus，Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus，Pinelliae Rhizoma，and Baijiu. It has a wide range of clinical applications，with therapeutic effects including moving Qi to relieve depression，activating Yang to dissipate mass，and expelling phlegm to alleviate chest congestion. In recent years，clinical research has confirmed that Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang，with or without modification，used alone or in combination with Western medicine，has definite effects in the treatment of CVD such as hyperlipidemia，coronary atherosclerotic heart disease，hypertension，heart failure，and arrhythmia. It can alleviate disease symptoms and reduce the risk of re-hospitalization. Basic research indicates that the mechanisms of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang include improving endothelial functions，exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties，countering oxidative stress，preventing apoptosis，inhibiting ventricular remodeling，regulating mitochondrial functions，improving hemorheology，and modulating autophagy and neurotransmitters. This article reviews relevant articles in recent years with focuses on the compatibility，clinical application，and mechanism of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism research and clinical application of this formula in treating CVD and to offer ideas and reference for in-depth research.