In order to analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant EG95s protein ,the recombinant plasmids of pET-1EG95s ,pET-2EG95s and pET-3EG95s which containing respectively 1 ,2 ,and 3 copies EG95s were induced to express HIS-1EG95s ,HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s ,and then the proteins were purified and identified by western-blotting .The same im-mune process was used ,and 8 weeks-old BALB/c mice were immunized ,then its immunogenicity was analyzed by detecting an-tibody levels in mice by indirect ELISA method .Results showed that for recombinant EG95s proteins after transformation , HIS-1EG95s ,HIS-2EG95s ,and HIS-3EG95s also retained immunogenicity and could induce specific antibodies in mice .One week's late after the first immunization with HIS-1EG95s ,the antibody level of was significantly higher than HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s .But began from 2 weeks after immunization ,the antibody level of HIS-3EG95s was always higher than that of HIS-1EG95s group during the period of the immune .Both the final antibody titers after immunization of HIS-1EG95s and HIS-2EG95s groups was 1∶819 200 ,while HIS-3EG95s group was 1∶163 840 0 .HIS-1EG95s ,HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s all induced IFN-γin immune mice ,but the difference was not significant .The HIS-1EG95s showed lower response to Echinococ-cus granulosus positive serum than HIS-2EG95s and HIS-3EG95s .It’s indicated that the HIS-1EG95s and HIS-3EG95s also had good immunogenicity .HIS-3EG95s make recombinant protein immunic effects more lasting ,and benefit to generate more long-lasting protective immunity .This study provides the scientific basis for the immunization of echinococcosis (hydatidosis) .

Fed with high-fat diet and assessed by hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia clamp technique, rat models with insulin resistance were successfully induced. Compared with normal chow group ( NC ), serum concentrations of free-fatty acids(FFAs) and baseline insulin in high-fat diet group(HF) was higher( P＜0.05 ), the average glucose infusion rate from 60 to 120 min( GIR60-120 ) was lower( P＜0.01 ), and the expression of p-IRE-lα in the liver was higher( P＜0.05 ). Furthermore, the expression of p-IRE-1α in the liver was positvely correlated with the serum concentration of FFAs. All these data indicate that high-fat diet may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver by elevating serum concentration of FFAs, and may participate in the genesis of insulin resistance via p-IRE-1α.

Objective:To investigate the value of ultrasound elastography combined with serum urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 150 patients with thyroid nodules (160 nodules) were selected, 69 patients with benign nodules (76 benign nodules) and 81 patients with malignant nodules (84 malignant nodules) were diagnosed by postoperative pathology. In the same period, 40 healthy people underwent health examination were selected as the control group. All preoperative patients were subjected to ultrasound elastography. The results of pathological examination were diagnosed as "gold standard"; the characteristics of ultrasound elastography were observed and scored, and compared with the results of pathological examination. The level of serum uPA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were compared among single real-time ultrasound elastography, serum uPA and combined diagnosis.Results:Among the 150 patients (160 nodules), for ultrasound elastography, the sensitivity was 97.37% (74/76), the specificity was 85.71% (72/84), the accuracy was 91.25% (146/160), and the Kappa value was 0.726. The ratio of 0 to 2 points in malignant group was significantly lower than that in the benign group, the ratio of 3 to 4 points was significantly higher than that in the benign group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of serum uPA in the benign group and the malignant group increased significantly ( P < 0.05). Compared with the benign group, serum uPA level in the malignant group increased significantly ( P < 0.05). The AUC of combined diagnosis was 0.869, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.789 - 0.949, and the best cut-off point for the combined diagnosis was uPA = 982.16 mU/L, at this time, the diagnostic sensitivity was 0.646, and the diagnostic specificity was 0.575. The AUC of ultrasound elastography was 0.814, 95% CI: 0.721 - 0.907, and the AUC of combined diagnosis was higher than that of ultrasound elastography. Conclusion:The clinical value of ultrasound elastography combined with serum uPA in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules is higher than that of ultrasound elastography.

Objective:To analyze the diagnosis of renal injury caused by chronic arsenism by color Doppler ultrasound and the observation of renal hemodynamics.Methods:From January 2018 to April 2019, 74 patients with occupational chronic arsenism admitted to Binzhou People's Hospital were selected and divided into two groups according to whether the patients were complicated with renal injury or not, 26 patients in renal injury group and 48 patients in non-renal injury group. The renal function indexes [serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine and blood β2-microglobulin (β2-MG)] were measured and the renal hemodynamics [peak blood flow velocity during systole (Vmax), minimum blood flow velocity during diastole (Vmin), resistance index (RI)] of the two groups were analyzed by color Doppler ultrasound, and the correlation between renal function indexes and renal hemodynamics was analyzed.Results:The levels of SCr, BUN, urine β2-MG and blood β2-MG in renal injury group were significantly higher than those in non-renal injury group [(136.28 ± 21.05) vs (108.42 ± 26.49) μmol/L, (8.03 ± 1.04) vs (5.36 ± 0.97) mmol/L, (157.48 ± 25.63) vs (127.42 ± 18.95) μg/L, (3.97 ± 1.12) vs (2.35 ± 0.84) mg/L, t = 4.625, 11.022, 5.740, 7.028, P < 0.05]. The Vmax and Vmin of the main renal artery and interlobular artery in renal injury group were significantly lower than those in non-renal injury group [cm/s: (50.34 ± 13.42) vs (75.32 ± 16.52), (18.13 ± 5.21) vs (29.83 ± 7.05), (12.31 ± 3.82) vs (17.22 ± 5.07), (4.08 ± 1.15) vs (6.03 ± 1.93), t = 6.833, 7.084, 4.657, 4.775, P < 0.05], and the RI of the main renal artery and interlobular artery in renal injury group was significantly higher than that in non-renal injury group [(0.71 ± 0.06) vs (0.62 ± 0.08), (0.68 ± 0.10) vs (0.56 ± 0.08), t = 5.017, 5.634, P <0.05]. Vmax and Vmin of the main renal artery and interlobular artery were negatively correlated with SCr, BUN, urine β2-MG and blood β2-MG ( P < 0.05). RI of the main renal artery and interlobular artery were positively correlated with SCr, BUN, urine β2-MG and blood β2-MG ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Color Doppler ultrasound can effectively reflect the status of renal injury in chronic arsenism patients. The renal blood flow perfusion in renal injury patients is decreased, and the blood flow resistance is increased, which is closely related to the degree of renal injury and deserves clinical attention.

Two strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were isolated in 2006 and 2016 and designated as FZ06A and FZ16A, respectively. Inoculation experiments showed that FZ06A caused 100% morbidity and 60% mortality, while FZ16A caused 100% morbidity without death. By using genomic sequence and phylogenetic analyses, close relationships between a Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV strain and the FZ06A and FZ16A strains were observed. Based on the achieved results, multiple genomic variations in Nsp2, a unique N-glycosylation site (N³³→K³³), and a K151 amino acid (AA) substitution for virulence in the GP5 of FZ16A were detected; except the 30 AA deletion in the Nsp2-coding region. Inoculation experiments were conducted and weaker virulence of FZ16A than FZ06A was observed. Based on our results, a 30 AA deletion in the Nsp2-coding region is an unreliable genomic indicator of a high virulence PRRSV strain. The Nsp2 and GP5 differences, in addition to the virulence difference between these two highly pathogenic PRRSV strains, have the potential to be used to establish a basis for further study of PRRSV virulence determinants and to provide data useful in the development of vaccines against this economically devastating disease.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mortality ; Phylogeny ; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome ; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus ; Vaccines ; Virulence

Objective To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in dentists and to analyze the risk factors of MSD to provide suggestions for preventing and reducing MSD in dentists. Methods Through stratified cluster random sampling, 373 dentists were selected from one Hospital of Stomatolagy and five general hospitals among Three-A hospitals in Wuhan as the research objects. The prevalence of MSD was surveyed using the Nordic musculoskeletal disorders standard questionnaire (NMQ) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of pain measurement, and the risk factors of MSD was analyzed with binary Logistic regression. Results The total MSD annual prevalence rate of dentists was 93.3%, with a prevalence rate in neck, shoulder and back, waist and wrist at 78.3%, 70.0%, 56.0% and 36.2% respectively. Through Binary Logistic regression analysis, it was found that the risk factors associated with neck MSD were work fatigue（χ²=24.00，P=0.000）, neck hunching（χ²=23.55，P=0.000）, and shoulder side lift（χ²=24.52，P=0.000）. The risk factors associated with MSD in shoulder and back were work fatigue（χ²=34.64，P=0.000）, neck twisting（χ²=21.68，P=0.000） and wrist bending（χ²=45.87，P=0.000）. The risk factors associated with waist MSD were age（χ²=29.83，P=0.000）, majors（χ²=16.68，P=0.028）, work fatigue（χ²=21.08，P=0.000）, waist bending（χ²=22.88，P=0.000）. The risk factors associated with wrist MSD were gender（χ²=4.17，P=0.041）, majors（χ²=23.47，P=0.001）, working years（χ²=11.63，P=0.009）, physical activities（χ²=9.14，P=0.028）, number of patient visits per day（χ²=18.41，P=0.000）, bending and twisting（χ²=24.12，P=0.000）, wrist twisting（χ²=34.41，P=0.000）, and prevalence of microscope using（χ²=12.09，P=0.020）, while physical exercise was a protective factor for wrist MSD.The differences of the above-mentioned risk factors were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of MSD in dentists is relatively high, and hospital management should strengthen organizational training to help dentists to realize the importance of adopting correct operating posture, a 5-minute breaks during work, prevent MSD at an early stage.