Objective To explore the safety of different doses of bupivacaine combined with epidural anes-thesia for delivery women undergoing cesarean operation.Methods A total of 120 cases of parturient women with cesarean section surgery were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups (40 cases in each group).A group was subarachnoidly given 0.5% levobupivacaine 1.5mL(7.5mg),B group was given 0.5% levobupivacaine 2.0mL (10.0mg),C group was given 0.5% levobupivacaine 2.5mL(12.5mg).The anesthesia effect in three groups was recorded.Results 5 min after anesthesia,the central venous pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation in A group were (79.47 ±10.65)mmHg,(83.94 ±8.21)times/min,(98.16 ±1.17)%,which in B group were (76.38 ± 10.15)mmHg,(84.03 ±8.19)times/min,(98.48 ±1.06)%,which in C group were (66.28 ±18.49)mmHg, (76.38 ±5.68)times/min,(95.03 ±0.45)%.10 min after anesthesia,the central venous pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation in A group were (83.54 ±10.03)mmHg,(84.03 ±8.34)times/min,(98.25 ±1.19)%,which in B group were (82.46 ±10.11 )mmHg,(83.95 ±8.24)times/min,(98.04 ±1.15 )%,which in C group were (69.06 ±17.03)mmHg,(74.19 ±5.48)times/min,(94.85 ±0.41 )%,the changes of heart function index in A group and B group had statistically significant differences compared with those in C group(F =5.165,6.487,7.125, 6.145,5.378,6.145,all P <0.05 ).In A group,excellent anesthesia in 9 cases,good in 17 cases,and poor in 14 cases;those in B group were 24 cases,13 cases,3 cases;those in C group were 28 cases,11 cases and 1 case.The anesthesia effect of B group and C group was significantly higher than A group(χ2 =4.887,P <0.05).In A group, hypotension occurred in 1 case,bradycardia in 2 cases,2 cases had nausea and vomiting,shortness of breath 0 case.In B group,hypotension occurred in 2 cases,2 cases of bradycardia,nausea and vomiting 3 cases,difficulty in breathing in 1 case.In C group,15 cases of hypotension,bradycardia in 11 cases,14 cases had nausea and vomiting,dyspnea in 7 cases.The incidence rate of adverse reactions of C group was higher than A group and B group(χ2 =4.168,5.122, 4.784,5.122,all P <0.05).Conclusion The anesthesia effects of levobupivacaine combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in cesarean section surgery is related with dosage,the greater the dosage,the anesthesia effect is stronger, but the circulation disturbance,the greater the use the share such as 10mg dose of levobupivacaine is more suitable, worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hyponatremia(HN) and the plasma level of C-type natriueetic peptide(CNP) in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods Radioimmunoassay was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of CNP in 36 patients with HICH and the concentrations of serum sodium were measured.Results The mean plasma level of CNP in 6 cases with HN(24.6?3.98 mg/ml ) was significantly increased compared with that in 26 cases without HN(21.1?3.23 mg/ml)( P

Hydroxyapatite, as a biologically active material, has the same structure and ingredients as the inorganic of hard tissue in human body, moreover, its biocompatibility and biological activity of interface are better than other biological materials. Hydroxyapatite has been widely used in anophthalmus reconstruction, orbital reconstruction, artificial cornea transplant and drug carrier. Pure hydroxyapatite has some defects such as brittleness, low-bending strength, the strength of anti-fatigue and anti-sabotage in the physical environment are not high. In order to overcome or reduce these shortcomings, porous hydroxyapatite and composite hydroxyapatite are made to extent the clinical application of hydroxyapatite. With a variety optimization of performance, process and preparation of the composite materials, the hydroxyapatite/polymer tissue engineering materials in ophthalmology will be further developed.

Objective To discuss the clinical application of polynomial curves fitting.Methods Based on the experiments of TBIL, ALT, DBIL and Cr,the linear experimental data were polynomial fitted.Results The optimal polynomial of TBIL is y=-3.886+7.544x , and the evaluation is linear 1; The optimal polynomial of ALT is y=5.293+25.897x-0.043 x~2, and the evaluation is linear 2;The optimal polynomial of DBIL is y=-2.950+1.688x+0.011x~2, and it′s non-linear; The optimum polynomial of Cr is y=11.654+14.512x-0.010 x~2, and the evaluation is inexactitude.Conclusion The polynomial fitting curve is the perfect linear evaluation method. It guarantees both the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, and is more suitable to clinic.

BACKGROUND: It is very important to explore an optimal loading force that can both allow effective intrusion and cause no damage to the teeth.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the optimal loading conditions, including loading force values and directions, in the intruding mechanics of maxillary anterior teeth.METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model (3D FEM) of the maxillary anterior teeth was constructed to include the periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and appliance (brackets and wire). The initial stress distribution and force of the maxillary anterior teeth were analyzed when the 3D FEM was loaded with different intruding force values and directions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal value of the intruding force for 6 anterior teeth fell within the range from 0.5 N to 1.0 N. The maximum stress was detected at the distal cervical level of the lateral incisor, and a relatively even distribution of initial stress was observed at 20° palatal deviation to the Y axis. The results suggest that using mini-screw implants at the labial region between the canine and lateral incisor and a combined 0.5-1.0 N intruding force with a distal force could be an optimal intrusion force system by which patients with normal occlusion could obtain a pure intrusion of anterior teeth.

[Objectives]This study was designed to evaluate the treatment effects of a new movable molardistalization appliance for distal movement of maxillary first molars on Angle's Class Ⅲ malocclusion adolescence patients with the second premolar crowded.[Methods]Sixteen patients were treated by a new movable molardistalization appliance.Cephalometric analysis and model measurement was carried out before and after the treatment.Data were analyzed by paired t-test.[Results]The molars were distalized 5 mm during an average time of 3.8 months.There were significant increases in the Angle SNA and A-NPg(P ＜0.05).[Conclusion]it was a effective way to get space and improve patient's profiles on Angle's Class Ⅲ malocclusion adolescence patients with the second premolar crowded by the new movable molardistalization appliance.It was also conducive to patient's oral hygiene.

Objective To summarize our experience on the treatment for severe vascular injuries in the operation of great saphenous varicose vein. Methods The clinical data of 4 cases (5 lower limbs) from December 2004 to April 2009 of severe vascular injuries were retrospectively analyzed. For the lower limbs in which from the end of femoral artery to the upper part of posterior tibial artery were stripped, reconstruction operation using blood vessel prothesis was performed, above knee amputation was performed because of limb gangrene. For three limbs in which 10 cm to 15 cm superficial femoral artery were stripped, reconstruction operation using autologous saphenous vein were performed, above knee amputation was performed for one limb 5 days after the operation. For the limb in which 2 cm superficial femoral vein were cut, reconstruction operation using autologous saphenous vein were performed. Results No cases died perioperatively,for four limbs of injuried artery, ampution were performed for two limbs(50% ) ;two limbs (50%) were saved. The patient of injuried superficial femoral vein recovered. Conclusions Severe vascular injuries can be prevented and its incidence reduced by improving the awareness for iatrogenic vascular injuries,accurate operation; once the vascular injury occurred, prompt and rational measures must be adopted.

Objectives To study the changes of hard tissue before and after orthodontic treatment for Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion adolescence patient with maxillary front traction. Methods 20 cases of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion adolescence patients were treated by front traction in maxilla, while there were 20 cases of Angle's class Ⅰ malocclusion adolescence patients as the control group. Cephalometric a-nalysis was carried out before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS11.0 system using paired t-test. Results There were significant increases in the length, anteroposterior diameter and thick-ness of maxillary sinus (P<0.05), while there was no significant differences in the site and central point of maxillary sinus(P>0.05). Conclusions It is a effective approach to change the hard tissue after ortho-dontic treatment for Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion adolescence patient with front traction in maxillary area.

Low back pain is an important cause of disability worldwide. It has a high incidence rate and brings a huge burden to families and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the leading factors causing low back pain and the pathological basis of degenerative disc diseases, such as intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis. However, the etiology of IDD is complex, and the risk factors and specific mechanisms behind remain unclear. Some controversial views have also been observed. Surgery is often considered for patients with severe intervertebral disc diseases, but there is no effective treatment for IDD at the early and middle stages. It will be of great significance to in-depth explore the molecular biological mechanisms and related risk factors, which can bring benefits to the prevention, accurate diagnosis, early treatment, and rehabilitation of degenerative disc diseases. Refer to the literatures published in the past ten years, this paper describes the latest research progress on risk factors related to IDD in terms of aging, genetics, mechanical loading, low-grade infection, biological rhythms, smoking, metabolic disease, estrogen, and nutrition. The results show that IDD is affected by multiple risk factors. These factors can interact with each other, and lead to death, phenotypic transformation, and metabolic disorder of disc cells, leading to a reduction of extracellular matrix and an unbalanced microenvironment and eventually loss of structural integrity of intervertebral disc tissue and IDD. A good body clock, a controlled weight, an appropriate blood glucose level, adequate nutrition, no smoking, a good hormone level, moderate exercise, avoiding injury, and strict aseptic techniques in the clinic will bring benefits to the progress of IDD.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of HC video laryngoscope and fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB)in guidance of endotracheal intubation for patients undergoing cervical surgery.Meth-ods A total of 50 patients (ASA I or II)with cervical vertebra injury,nerve root cervical spondylopathy or cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical university were selected, all of whom were undergone selective cervical operations between March 2014 and June 2015.The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n =25):HC video laryngoscope group (group H)and FOB group (group F).After induction of anesthesia,HC video laryngoscope and FOB were used for tracheal intuba-tion.⑴ Intubation time and success rates of intubation were recorded,and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the difficulty of intubation;⑵ Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),and rate-pressure product (RPP)before incubation (Tb),immediate after intubation (T0),and 1min after in-cubation (T1)were recorded;(3)Intubation-related complications were recorded.Results ⑴ The dura-tion of intubation (19.7 ±7.1 )s in the group H was significantly shorter than that of group F (51.9 ± 19.2)s (P <0.05).The one-time success rate of intubation in group H (92%)was higher than that of group F (64%),with statistically significant differences (P <0.05).Intubation was easier in group H (P <0.05).⑵ MAP,HR and RPP of group H at T0 were higher than those of group F.And at T1,there were no statistical differences between groups in MAP,HR and RPP (P >0.05).⑶ The incidence of complications (sore throat)was lower in group H (P <0.05).Conclusions Compared to FOB,HC vid-eo laryngoscope-guided selective cervical operation has the characteristics of higher success rate of intubat-ion,shorter operation time,and easier operation,more stable hemodynamics and lower incidence of intuba-tion complications.Therefore,HC video laryngoscope is a safe and effective method in the intubation for pa-tients undergoing cervical surgery.