Objective To investigate the effects of endogenous estrogen on blood glucose level,serum insulin level,and plasma total antioxidant capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female mice,and to explore possible protective effects of estrogen on pancreatic islet cells.Methods Female mice were randomly according to body weight divided into four groups:( 1 ) Sham( Sham operation and vehicle administration) ; ( 2 ) Ovx( ovariectomy and vebicle administration ) ; ( 3 ) Sham + STZ ( Sham operation and STZ administration ) ; and ( 4 ) Ovx + STZ ( ovariectomy and STZ administration).The diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg ).Blood glucose levels were measured once a week.Results The blood glucose level and malondialdehyde of Ovx group were higher than that in Sham group,while total anti-oxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) was lower than those in Sham group.the blood glucose level and MDA of Ovx+ STZ group were higher than those in Sham +STZ group,while T-AOC and serum insulin level were lower than those in Sham + STZ group.Conclusions Endogenous estrogen may have some protective effects on pancreatic islet function from streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in female mice.

Aim To study the effect of genistein on contractility of isolated papillary muscles in guinea pig and its mechanisms.Methods Isolated guinea pig papillary muscles were suspended in organ baths containing KH solution,and the effect of genistein on contractility of myocardium was observed after an equilibration period.Results Genistein and isoprenaline hydrochloride showed positive inotropic effects on contractility of myocardium in a dose-dependent manner(1～100 ?mol?L~(-1)) Propranolol(1 ?mol?L~(-1)) and verapamil hydrochloride(0.5 ?mol?L~(-1)) attenuated the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline hydrochloride(2 ?mol?L~(-1)),but did not change the effect of genistein(100 ?mol?L~(-1)).Furthermore,the enhancement of the contractility induced by elevation of extracellular Ca~(2+) concentration in papillary muscles did not show any change after pretreatment with genistein(1,10 ?mol?L~(-1)).Finally,the positive inotropic effect of genistein was attenuated partially by tamoxifen(1 ?mol?L~(-1)),however,was not influenced by sodium orthovanadate(1 ?mol?L~(-1)).Conclusions Genistein has the positive inotropic effect on guinea pig papillary muscles,which is not related to the activation of Ca~(2+) channel on cell membrane,? adrenoceptor and tyrosine kinase pathway,but this effect may involve in uptake and utilization of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+).

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary retroperitonealneurilemoma(schwannoma). MethodsClinicaldataof 47patientsof primary retroperitoneal schwannoma admitted and surgically treated from January 1995 to December 2009 were retrospectivelly reviewed.ResultsAs diagnosed by pathology there were 36 cases of Benign schwannoma,with a median age at onset of 41years, among those 11 patients were symptomatic, and 25 were asymptomatic. There were 11 malignant 11 cases, the median age was 38 years, among those 6 patients were symptomatic, and 5 were asymptomatic. The positive diagnostic rate of preoperative CT and MRI were 36. 2％ ( 17/47 ) and 58. 3％ ( 7/12 ) respectively. Immunohistochemically positive rates of S-100 were 100％ and 81.8％(9/11) in benign and malignant group respectively.All cases underwent surgical treatment. Surgical resection rates for benign and malignant groups were 100％ and 90. 9％(10/11)respectively. There was no perioperative death, Overall 5-year survival rates were 100％ and 45.5％ for benign and malignant tumors groups respectively. In benign group 2 cases recurred, in malignant group 4 cases recurred, and 3 had distant metastasis.ConclusionsPrimary retroperitoneal schwannomas are less common. It is difficult to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgery is the most effective therapy.Prognosis is good for benign and poor for malignant retroperitoneal neurilemomas.

Extrarenal Wilms′ tumor is extremely rare and has no characteristic clinical manifestations. Diagnosis is difficult before surgery, and is often confirmed by histopathology. Comprehensive treatment by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is currently adopted for such patients, and the overall survival rate can reach about 90%. Here we report a 2-year-old child with Wilms′ tumor in the left scrotum.

Objective:To investigate the online learning situation of students in Chongqing Medical University during the COVID-19 epidemic, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, and provide reference for the improvement of online teaching.Methods:Random sampling was adopted to conduct online questionnaire survey among undergraduates of Chongqing Medical University in the form of anonymous questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used for chi-square test.Results:There were significant differences in learning outcomes between students living in different places during the epidemic period ( P<0.05). The results showed that 34% of students thought the advantages of online learning were "freedom of learning time", "freedom of learning place", "abundant resources and available to watch videos repeatedly". According to the analysis of disadvantages of online learning, 39% of the students believed that online learning had "poor personal self-control ability to ensure learning efficiency", "no sense of reality in the experimental courses", "lack of learning atmosphere, decrease of the learning motivation", "tedious learning process, requiring constant software upgrading and replacement." Conclusion:Firstly, for special periods, we should unify online learning platforms in the whole university. Then, we should strengthen the publicity of online courses. Finally, teachers should drive the classroom atmosphere during the online teaching and improve students' learning efficiency.