Objective To determine the three dimensional motion data of each segment of cervical vertebrae and analyze the characteristics of the intervertebral coupled motion during cervical axial rotation under physiological weight bearing. Methods A total of 16 healthy volunteers (ranging from 22 to 29, median age, 23 years) were recruited to our study. Any cervical spine disorder history, pain or other discomfort and malformations were excluded so as to avoid abnormal neck motion. These subjects underwent CT scans of their cervical segments in a supine position, and 3D models of C1-C7 were constructed. Next, each subject was asked to sit up straight and was positioned in the following sequence:maximal left and right twisting, while double oblique images by DFIS were taken simultaneously at each of the positions. Then, the CT models were matched to the osseous outlines of the images from the two oblique views to quantify the position of cervical vertebraes in 3D at each position. Through local coordinate systems at the center of vertebral bodies, changes of position and angle of each cephalad vertebrae relative to the cauddal one were calculated before and after the axial rotation. Results (1) In the axial rotation of the cervical spine, the contribution of C1/2 accounted for the most of the total cervical rotation range. For the lower levels, axial rotation was found to be maximal at C3/4 and C5/6, minimal at C2/3. (2) In cervical axial motion, C1/2 demonstrated a coupled lateral bending opposite to the axial rotation direction, while each segment of C2-7 demonstrated coupled lateral bending towards the same side of the axial rotation. Among these segments the lateral bending angle of C2/3 was smaller than angles of C3/4, C4/5 and C5/6. Conclusion This study investigated the cervical coupling behavior using the noninvasive 2D-3D matching technique and obtained the motion data at each cervical spinal segment. These findings will help to improve the understanding on physiological cervical spine movement and potential biomechanical mechanism and treatment of cervical spondylosis. Also our data may provide useful reference for the prosthesis design.

Related literature and studies concerning the kinematics in patients after cervical arthrodesis have extensive?ly reviewed and comprehensively analyzed in 4 terms of changes in adjacent segment range of motion, motion segment per?cent contributions, motion pattern of cervical facet joints, and deviated center of rotation at adjacent segments. These report?ed researches of in-vivo kinematics after cervical arthrodesis are almost on the sagittal plane. Few data have been reported on the 6DOF kinematics under physiological loading conditions. Whether adjacent segment pathology caused by hypermobili?ty remains controversial. Long-term follow-up of large sample randomized controlled studies and obtaining the accurate 6DOF kinematics are the best way to resolve controversy.

BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic reports have indicated that excessive weight-bearing exercise is one of important risk factors for lumbar degeneration, but the effects of weight-bearing activity on normal lumbar motion pattern are stil not clear. OBJECTIVE:To measure the changing characteristics and rules of position at the center of rotation of the lower lumbar spine during a weight-lifting activity of normal person. METHODS: Fourteen asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of (25±5) years were recruited for this study. The L4-5 and L5-S1 segments of each subject were CT-scanned to construct 3D models using dual X-ray imaging system and spiral CT examination combined technology in the aid of computer software. The physiological load and lumbar spinal 3D motion under the loading condition were reproduced when matching the flexion, neutrality and extension in the dual X-ray imaging system and on dual oblique lumbar X-ray image. Coordinate systems were established at the vertebral body of L4-S1 to obtain the center of rotation during flexion-to-neutral, neutral-to-extension and the ful flexion-extension motion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under physiological load, the center of rotation of L4-5 of normal person was located about 1.0 mm anterior to the central axis of the vertebral body, and the center of rotation of L5-S1 was located about 0.7 mm anterior to the central axis of the vertebral body. (2) With weight loading, the center of rotation of both two segments shifted backward about 0.5 mm. There was no statistical difference between these two loading conditions. (3) When the center of rotation in flexion and extension was calculated respectively, the moving range of the center of rotation at both L4-5and L5-S1 became larger due to taking loads of 10 kg (P < 0.05). In flexion, the center of rotation at L5-S1 significantly shifted forward during a weight-lifting activity (P < 0.05). (4) These results confirm that compared with non-weight-bearing condition, the trajectory of the center of rotation was found to be increased when taking loads, especialy during the flexion-to-neutral motion.

injection). At the 5th, 10th and 15th months after operation, L2, L4 bone mineral density, L2, L4 maximum bending and compressive load, the ratio of anterior and posterior heights of L3 vertebrae to average height of L2 and L4 vertebrae, and the sagittal Cobb angle of L2 and L4 vertebrae were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone mineral density, maximum bending and compressive load, vertebral height ratio at different time points after operation in experimental group were higher compared with the preoperative level (P < 0.05). The sagittal Cobb angle in experimental group was smaler compared with the preoperative level (P < 0.05). In the control group, the bone mineral density, maximum bending and compressive load at different time points after operation were al higher compared with preoperative level (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference of the vertebral height ratio and sagittal Cobb angle compared with the preoperative level. The bone mineral density, maximum bending and compressive load, vertebral height ratio at different time points after operation in experimental group were higher compared with the control group (P< 0.05). The sagittal Cobb angle was smaler compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that percutaneous kyphoplasty bone cement injection can better improve the bone density, carrying capacity and kyphosis of osteoporosis fractures adjacent vertebrae.

Objective To study the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with lung cancer,gastric cancer and breast cancer.Methods Five hundred and eight patients with cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (256 cases with lung cancer,152 cases with gastric cancer,100 cases with breast cancer),and 50 healthy volunteers were collected.Two ml peripheral blood were obtained from these cases.The distribution of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry in these cases.The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.Results The number of lymphocytes of cancer patients was decreased,the healthy volunteers was 5125,breast cancer patient was 3642,gastric cancer patient was 3178,lung cancer patient was 2895.The case of outliers of lymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 218 (85.2％,lung cancer),133 (87.5％,gastric cancer),88 (88.0％,breast cancer).The case of outliers of T-lymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 83 (32.4％,lung cancer),32 (32.0％,breast cancer),44 (28.9％,gastric cancer).The case of outliers of CD4 +/CD8 + classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 185 (72.3％,lung cancer),108 (71.1％,gastric cancer),84 (84.0％,breast cancer).The case of outliers of natural killer-lymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 32 (12.5％,lung cancer),22 (14.5％,gastric cancer),16 (16.0％,breast cancer).The case of outliers of B-lymphocyte subsets classified based on the three kinds of cancer was 38 (14.8％,lung cancer),52 (34.2％,gastric cancer),12 (12.0％,breast cancer).Compared to healthy subjects,the CD19+％ of patients with lung cancer was decreased (12.8 ± 5.0 vs.11.5 ± 5.7,t =3.006,P =0.003);the CD4 + ％ of patients with gastric cancer was decreased (39.2 ±7.7 vs.35.3 ± 7.6,t =2.315,P =0.023);the CD19 + ％ of patients with gastric cancer was decreased (12.8 ± 5.0 vs.8.9 ± 4.2,t =3.302,P =0.010);the CD8 + ％ of patients with breast cancer was increased (24.0 ± 8.1 vs.29.1 ± 13.0,t =2.019,P =0.047).Conclusion The number of lymphocytes in cancer patients is decreased,the abnormal rates of lymphocyte subsets in the three kinds of cancer patients are higher than those in healthy volunteers,the lymphocyte subsets of different kinds of cancers perform different characteristics.

BACKGROUND:Donor site, recipient site and operator are three important factors for flap transplantation in the repair of hand soft tissue defects. Depth studies are needed on how to choose flaps according to the principle of“good reconstruction of the recipient site, little damage to the donor site, reliable survival, simple and easy operation”. OBJECTIVE:To compare the repairing effects of pedicled neurovascular fasciocutaneous flap, abdominal skin flap and free flap, thereby providing a reference for clinical choice. METHODS:Twenty-eight patients who underwent transplantation of pedicled neurovascular fasciocutaneous flap, abdominal skin flap and free flap in the repair of hand defects, respectively, were al fol ow-up to compare and analyze the disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH), injured site, touch and pressure sensation (Semme-Weinstein monofilament method), dynamic and static two-point discrimination (m2PD, s2PD), temperature sensation, swel ing degree, and degree of scar contracture at donor sites. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant difference in the degree of scar contracture, temperature sensation, touch sensation, and two-point discrimination was found among the three kinds of flaps, but DASH score, swel ing degree and tough and pressure sensation in the abdominal skin flap group were significantly different from those in the other two groups. These findings indicate that these three kinds of flaps have their own characteristics, and can be selected clinical y based on a variety of objective requirements.

Objective To obtain the concentrations and daily intakes of 15 rare earth elements in foods for adult men in four areas in China.Methods With duplicate portion study,120 mixed diet samples were collected from adult men in cities of Tianjin,Chengdu,Zhenjiang and Taiyuan,which belong to 4 areas with different dietary types in China.The concentrations of cerium,dysprosium,erbium,gadolinium,lanthanum,lutetium,holmium,neodymium,praseodymium,scandium,samarium,terbium,thulium,yttrium and ytterbium in these samples were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) after pretreatment,and the daily intakes of them were also calculated.Results The concentrations of 15 rare earth elements and their daily intakes in foods for adult men were obtained.Conclusions The concentrations of these elements in each area are consistent with normal distribution.The total rare earth element concentration in the diet of adult men ranges from 24.68 to 109.27 μg/g.The daily intake of total rare earth elements is about 24 μg/d.Reference values of the rare earth element concentrations in the diet and daily intake of Chinese adult men were updated.

Objective:To establish a trace chromogenic substrate method for the determination of anti-FIIαactivity in compound heparin sodium cream .Methods: The anti-FIIαactivity in compound heparin sodium cream was determined by a trace chromogenic substrate method according to the completely random design of experiment based on the amount reaction principle of 4*4 parallel lines in the biological test statistics method .Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.005 04 IU· ml-1-0.021 IU· ml-1(r=0.992).The average recovery was 101.6% with RSD of 2.76% (n=9).Conclusion: The method is accurate, reliable and reproducible , and can be used for evaluating the quality of compound heparin sodium cream .

Objective To construct an efficient eukaryotic expression recombinant vector of human interleukin-1O(hIL-lO),and observe its expression in rabbit synoviocytes(RSCs).Methods Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of a patient with drug allergy.Specific Drimers for full-length open reading frames(ORFs)of hIL-10 were designed according to GeneBank(NM 000572).Withtotal RNA as the template,full-length ORFs of hIL-10 were amplified by reverse transcription Dolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RT-PCR products were digested by restrictive endonucleotidase.then inserted into plasmid pcDNA4/HisMaxA.Both restrictive endonucleotidase analysis and DNA sequencing Were carried out for inserts verification.RSCs were transfected with recombinant plasmid expression vector PcDNA4 HisMaxA-hiL10 by liposome-mediated gene transfer methods,then cultured in vitro.The supernatants were collected af-ter transfection for 12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,7 days,14 days respectively for IL-10 measure-ment by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results Full-length ORFs of hIL-1o(0.54 kb)had been successfully cloned from PBMCs through RT-PCR.The inserts and insert location of pcDNA4 HisMaxA were in a fight way verified by enzyme analysis and DNA sequencing.ELISA results showed that exogenous hIL-10 gene had expressed in the transfected RSCs from 12 hours to 7 days after transfection,and hIL-10level of transfection group significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion pcDNA4 HisMaxA-hiL10,the hIL-10 efficient eukaryotic expression vectors,has been suecessfully constructed.

Objective:To construct recombinant lentiviral vectors harboring interference RNA ( RNAi ) targetting murine TNF-αgene,so as to lay the foundation on the RNAi gene therapy.Methods: Three small interfering RNA ( siRNA) sequences targeting murine TNF-αgene ( siRNA1,siRNA2,siRNA3) and negative-control siRNA were designed and synthesized.The inhibition effects of siRNAs on TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6 secretion of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were observed using real-time PCR and ELISA methods.DNA oligo was designed and synthesized according to the most effective siRNA 2 sequence.The recombinant lentiviral shuttle plasmid expressing short hairpin RNA ( shRNA) was constructed and sequenced.The lentiviral shuttle plasmids with packaging plasmids were transfected into 293T cells to produce lentiviral particles.Results: ①The TNF-αmRNA relative expression levels of siRNA1, siRNA2 and siRNA3 were 0.24±0.01,0.16±0.02,0.19±0.01 respectively,significantly lower than that of negative control (0.95± 0.02) (F=531.3,P<0.001).The inhibition rates at mRNA level were 74.26%,83.09%,79.93%,respectively comparing with negative control.No significance was observed in IL-1βor IL-6 mRNA relative expression change after TNF-αsiRNA transfection ( P>0.05).②The TNF-αprotein expression levels of siRNA1,siRNA2 and siRNA3 were (23.95±1.21),(17.27±1.46),(19.07± 1.57)ng/ml respectively,significantly lower than that of negative control (35.37±2.93)ng/ml (F=18.1,P=0.000 6<0.001).The inhibition rates of protein expression were 32.29%, 51.16%, 46.08%, respectively comparing with negative control.③The PCR product electrophoresis showed that recombinant vectors yielded 343 bp fragments,non-constructed vectors yielded 306 bp fragments.DNA sequencing partially showed insertion sequence.④Lentiviral particles were obtained by transfecting 293T cells with recombinant lentiviral shuttle plasmids and lentiviral packaging plasmids.Cells grew well during virus production with strong fluorescence expression.The titer of concentrated virus was 2×106 TU/μl.Conclusion:The lentiviral vector harboring RNAi targeting murine TNF-αgene has been successfully constructed.