Objective To evaluate if mucinous subtype has a relevant impact on disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with rectal carcinoma.Methods The clinicopathological data of patients with rectal adenocarcinomas (ring cell carcinoma were excluded)undergoing radical surgery at Beijing Cancer Hospital from Jan 2010 to Jan 2012 were retrospectively studied,survival analysis was done to detect potential prognostic predictors.Results 353 patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ rectal cancer were included in this study,of whom 28 (7.9％) had mucinous histology.The 3-year DFS for patients with a mucinous adenocarcinoma was 50.0％ and 83.4％ for patients with nonmucinous adenocarcinoma (P ＜ 0.001).Mucinous adenocarcinoma was associated with advanced pathologic T (T3/4,100％ vs 52.3％,P ＜0.001) and N stage (N1/2,64.3％ vs.32.6％,P =0.001).More patients were diagnosed under 40 years in mucinous adenocarcinoma group (21.4％ vs.5.5％,P =0.005).Conclusions Patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma more often present at a younger age,mucinous adenocarcinomas are associated with more advanced tumor stages,and should be regarded as a dismal prognostic factor for the survival of patients with rectal cancer.

Deflazacort (DFZ, a prodrug) is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized into the active metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort (21-OH DFZ) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single and multiple oral administration of DFZ tablets under fed condition. Twelve volunteers (six males and six females) were administered a single dose of 6 mg or 12 mg or 24 mg of DFZ in three different periods separately, according to the 3 x 3 Latin square design. Between each administration period there was a washout period of one week. The multiple-dose study of 12 mg dose DFZ per day for 7 consecutive days was started after a 1 w washout period when the single-dose study completed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 21-OH DFZ after the single oral administration of 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg DFZ tablets were as follows: (37.7 +/- 11.6), (61.5 +/- 17.7) and (123 +/- 23) ng x mL(-1) for C(max); (1.90 +/- 0.32), (1.96 +/- 0.27) and (2.13 +/- 0.34) h for t1/2; (96.6 +/- 25.9), (190 +/- 44) and (422 +/- 107) ng x h x mL(-1) for AUC(0-14 h), respectively. After the multiple dose administration, the mean plasma concentration at steady-state C(av) was (7.00 +/- 1.66) ng x mL(-1) and the degree of plasma concentration fluctuation DF was 7.7 +/- 1.2. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers were linear over the dose range of 6 to 24 mg. No significant gender differences were found in the pharmacokinetics of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers. After the multiple dose administration of 12 mg DFZ for 7 d, no accumulation of 21-OH DFZ in healthy Chinese volunteers was observed.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and prospects of nested real-time PCR(NR-PCR)technique for Treponema palladium(Tp)detection in various samples of different stages of syphilis from patients preliminarily diagnosed as syphilis. Methods Targeting the Tp polA gene, NR-PCR was performed to detect Tp DNA in various samples from the patients with various stages of syphilis at the first clinic visit, including skin tissue fluid swabs, serum, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and earlobe blood. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 13. Results A total of 368 clinical samples were collected from 200 patients with syphilis. With a detection limit of 2 Tp/ml, NR-PCR showed that the total positive rate for Tp DNA was 71.7%(264/368). The Tp DNA positive rate was highest in earlobe blood samples (92.0%, 23/25), followed by CSF samples(90.2%, 46/51), skin tissue fluid swabs(74.3%, 26/35), serum samples(66.9%, 99/148)and whole blood samples(64.2%, 70/109). There was good agreement between NR-PCR results and serologic test results, with a consistency rate of 76.0%(152/200). Furthermore, the Tp DNA positive rate did not differ between patients with primary(12/19)and secondary syphilis(14/16)in skin tissue fluid swabs(χ2 = 2.62, P > 0.05), and was slightly but insignificantly higher in patients with secondary syphilis than those with primary syphilis in the serum samples(χ2=3.6, P=0.06). The Tp DNA positive rate of whole blood samples was also higher in patients with secondary syphilis than those with any other types of syphilis. Among patients with neurosyphilis, no significant difference was observed in the Tp DNA positive rate between earlobe blood samples and CSF samples(P=0.06). Among patients with latent syphilis, the Tp DNA positive rate was significantly higher in serum samples with an RPR titer of ≥ 1:8 than those with an RPR titer of≤1:4. Conclusion NR-PCR is feasible for detecting Tp DNA in various kinds of samples, and the Tp DNA positive rate is influenced by stages of syphilis and types of samples, as well as RPR titers.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of an airway topical anesthesia catheter for topical anesthesia using a spray-as-you-go technique via the fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB).Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,aged 20-64 yr,with body mass index of 23-35 kg/m2,with no upper respiratory tract infection within 1 week before operation,scheduled for elective uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:routine control group (group C) and FOB-airway topical anesthesia catheter group (group F).In group C,the pharynx and larynx were sprayed with lidocaine FOB by using a laryngo-tracheal mucosal atomization device,and cricothyroid membrane puncture was performed and then lidocaine was injected.In group F,airway topical anesthesia was performed using a spray-as-you-go technique via the FOB with an airway topical anesthesia catheter spraying lidocaine via the nose.At 5 min after topical anesthesia of the airway,FOB-guided intubation was performed,and dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused at 0.1 μg · kg-1 · min-1 for sedation in both groups.Ramsay sedation scores were assessed after topical anesthesia and before intubation.The scores for the intubating condition and tolerance of tracheal tube were assessed during FOB-guided intubation.Successful intubation and the development of responses to intubation and hypoxemia were recorded.The patients were followed up one day after the end of operation,and parents' satisfaction with the procedure of intubation was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the intubating condition score,tolerance of tracheal tube score,success rate of intubation at first attempt and rate of parents' satisfaction with the procedure of intubation were significantly increased,and the incidence of responses to intubation was decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in Ramsay sedation scores before intubation and incidence of hyoxemia in group F (P＞0.05).Conclusion When the FOB is used to guide awake nasotracheal intubation,the airway topical anesthesia catheter provides better efficacy,better intubating conditions,and fewer side effects when applied for topical anesthesia using a spray-as-you-go technique via the FOB,it can be easily accepted by the patients and the efficacy is better that of routine airway topical anesthesia.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of T-joint endoscopy mask for fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB)-guided awake nasotracheal intubation in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.Methods Forty patients of both sexes aged 21-64 yr with fracture of cervical spine complicated by spinal cord injury scheduled for anterior decompression and interbody fusion under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the technique for awake nasotracheal intubation (n =20 each):group nasal catheter and group T-joint endoscopy mask.Topical anesthesia of nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx and trachea with 2％ lidocaine was conducted and then remifentanil was continuously infused at 0.05-0.15 μg· kg-1 · min-1 in both groups.The incidence of hypoxemia and intubation time were recorded.Arterial blood samples were obtained for determination of PaO2 and PaCO2 before topical anesthesia (baseline),immediately before and 1 min after placement of FOB and immediately after nasotracheal intubation was accomplished.Results The incidence of hypoxemia was significantly lower in group Tjoint endoscopy mask (0) than in group nasal catheter (25％) (P ＜ 0.05).The PaO2 during nasotracheal intubation was significantly higher in group T-joint endoscopy mask than in group nasal catheter (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in PaCO2 and intubation time between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion T-joint endoscopy mask facilitates awake nasotracheal intubation without affecting oxygen inhalation in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible pathogenesis of EB virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 in inducing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThe mRNA expression levels of LMP1 and apoptosis-related genes bcl-2,bax in SLE patients and healthy controls were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The serum BAFF levels of SLE patients and normal healthy controls were detected by ELISA.2 test was used for positive rate analysis,2-△△Ct method was used for comparing the gene expression level,and Student-Newman-Kqeuls method was used for pair-wise comparison between the means.Results① The positive rate of LMP1 expression in 67 SLE cases was 25％,which was significantly higher than the 11％ in 65 healthy controls (P＜0.05).② The 2-△Ct value of bcl-2 mRNA expression level of SLE patients was 0.0257,1.41 times to that (0.0183) of healthy controls and the difference was statistically significant.③ The 2-△Ct value of bcl-2 mRNA expression level of LMP1 positive SLE patients was 0.0427,1.98 times to that of LMP1 negative SLE patients (0.0217),the difference was statistically significant.④ The serum BAFF levels of LMP1 positive SLE patients,LMP1 negative SLE patients,LMP1 positive healthy controls and LMP 1 negative healthy controls were ( 106± 15 ),(82± 19),( 68±19),(64±17) μg/L,respectively.There were significant differences between serum BAFF levels of LMPl-positive SLE patients and other groups(P＜0.0l ).There were significant difference between serum BAFF levels of LMP1-negative SLE patients and the control groups (P＜0.01).ConclusionEBV may induce and/or promote SLE by LMP1 through apoptosis-related genes bcl-2 expression and induction of B lymphocytes that produce BAFF,all these mechanisms can prolong the infected auto-reactive B lymphocytes survival.

Objective To construct F344 rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell line (MSC) modified with human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) gene.Methods Recombinant virus containing hHGF was obtained by transfecting the packaging cell line 293 FT with lentiviral vector pLV/EF1α-hHGF-IRES-eGFP.MSCs derived from F344 rat bone marrow were then tranfected with packed lentiviral vector.Purified MSCs expressing hHGF was obtained by screening culture with G418.MSCs and MSCs transfected with empty vector were used as control.The expression of hHGF protein was detected by Western blot (eGFP-MSCs).The hHGF-transfected MSCs were cultured in osteoblast-inducing culture medium and osteoblast phenotype was assayed by alizarin Red staining.The cells were also cultured in adipogenesis medium and stained with Oil Red O for identification.Results The expression of hHGF protein was significantly up-regulated in the hHGF-MSCs as compared with MSCs and eGFP-MSCs.hHGF-MSCs readily differentiated into mineralizing cells or adipocytes when incubated in differentiation medium.Conclusion A F344 rat MSC line that stably expresses HGF is successfully established.

Objective To investgate the changes in the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)and c-met in the lungs in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension.Methods Eighty 7 week old male SD rats weighing 180-250 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =40 each ):control group (group C) and pulmonary hypertension group (group PH).Pulmonary hypertension was induced by left pneumonectomy and subcutaneous monocrotaline (MCT) 60 mg/kg 2 weeks later.Pulmonary artery pressure and the ratio between the weight of right ventricle and left ventricle + interventricular septum ( RV/LV + S) were measured at 7,14,21 and 28 d after MCT administration.HGF and c-met protein and mRNA expression and TGF-β content in the lung tissue were determined.Results Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with hypertrophy of pulmonary artery tunica media and muscularization of small pulmonary arteries developed after MCT administration in PH group.In PH group HGF protein and mRNA expression in the lungs was significantly down-regulated as compared with group C.There were no significant differences in c-met protein and mRNA expression in the lungs between the 2 groups.The TGF-β content in the lungs was significantly increased in group PH as compared with group C.Conclusion Decrease in HGF production in the lungs plays an important role in the pulmonary hypertension.Increasing of pulmonary TGF-β may play an important role in the down-regulation of pulmonary HGF expression during pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effect of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) genetic modification on the ameliorating effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) implantation on pulmonary microvascular rarefaction in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension (PH).Methods MSCs were obtained from F344 rats and transduced with lentiviral vector modified with human HGF (hHGF-MSCs) or empty vector (EGFP-MSCs).Sixty-six 7 week old male F344 rats weighing 180-250 g were used in this study.PH was induced by left pneumonectomy and subcutaneous monocrotaline (MCT) 60 mg/kg injected at 2 weeks after operation.The animals with PH were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (group C),EGFP-MSCs group (group E) and HGF-MSCs group (group H).Groups H and E received hHGF-MSCs or EGFP-MSCs 5 × 105 in DMEM 1 ml iv at 3 weeks after subcutaneous MCT injection,while group C received plain DMEM 1 ml.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured and right ventricular hypertrophy and angiogenesis in the lung were assessed and the content of rat HGF (rHGF) and hHGF protein in lung tissue and pulmonary capillary density (by immuno-histochemistry) was measured at 2 weeks after MSCs implantation.The survival rates within 45 days after MCT administration were compared among the 3 groups.Results No hHGF was detected in groups C and E.Both hHGF-MSCs and EGFP-MSCs significantly reduced MPAP and right ventricular hypertrophy and increased pulmonary capillary density and survival rates in groups H and E as compared with group C and the efficacy of hHGF-MSCs was significantly greater than that of EGFP-MSCs.Barium angiography revealed that distal pulmonary vasculature was significantly increased in group H as compared with groups E and C.The survival of the rats receiving hHGF-MSCs was significantly longer in group H than that in groups E and C.Conclusion hHGF genetic modification can improve the ameliorating effects of MSCs implantation on PH-related microvascular rarefaction.

Objective To investigate the effect of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) genetically modified with human hepatocyte growth factor gene (hHGF) on angiogenesis in the rat lung.Methods Twenty F344 rats,aged 2 months,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =10 each):HGF group and control group (group C).MSCs genetically modified with hHGF was injected through the external jugular vein in group HGF.While the equal volume of DMEM culture medium (1 ml) was given instead in group C.The mean pulmonary artery pressure was detected at 28 days after transplantation.Then the rats were sacrificed and the lungs were removed for determination of the content of hHGF,expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (to reflect the degree of endothelial cell proliferation showed by the small pulmonary vessels) and Ⅷ factor (to reflect the density of the small pulmonary vessels),and microscopic examination.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in mean pulmonary artery pressure ( P ＞ 0.05),while the content of hHGF,degree of endothelial cell proliferation,and density of the small pulmonary vessels were significantly increased in group HGF ( P ＜ 0.01).No change was found in the structure of the small pulmonary vessels in group HGF.Conclusion Transplantation of MSCs genetically modified with hHGF can promote angiogenesis in the rat lung.