Objective: To observe the oral care effects of finger toothbrush. Methods: The finger toothbrush worn on the index finger was made of silica gel .It was used to brush the in vitro healthy teeth pulled out on the same day and the standard hard plaster tooth model and to brush the in vivo healthy teeth in adults; the bacteria in the finger toothbrush, The dentofacial pluque and the abrasion on the tooth model were tested respectively. Results: After in vivo use the bacteria remained in the finger toothbrush were fewer than those in the commonly used toothbrush(1 683.24?1 355.59 and 2 353.76?1 582.06 respectively). The dentofacial plaque was decreased in the same extent by the two kinds of toothbrushes. The zero rate of abrasion on the tooth model was 93.3%(28/30) by finger toothbrush and 23.3%(14/30) by the commonly used toothbrush. Conclusion: The finger toothbrush worn on finger can remove dentofacial plaque effectively and produce a lower abrasion on tooth.

Objective To investigate the expression of Akt and phosphoryled Akt (p-Akt1) protein in pancreatic carcinoma and to determine the clinical significance. Methods In 74 cases of pancreatic carcinoma and 10 cases of normal pancreatic tissue samples, the expression of Akt and p-Akt1 were detected by immunohistochemical method, and the its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of Akt and p-Akt1 in pancreatic carcinoma were 87.8% and 83.8% respectively, while there was no expression of Akt and p-Akt1 in normal pancreatic tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of Akt and p-Akt1 in pancreatic carcinoma (r =0.274, P =0. 018). The expression of Akt and p-Akt1 was not significantly associated with the age, sex, location, size, pathology stages, lymph nodes metastasis, clinical stages and nerve invasion of the tumor (P >0.05). But the higher expression of p-Akt1 was associated with T stages and TNM staging (p =0. 002). Patients with high intensity of Akt and p-Akt1 expression showed a significantly longer median survival time [(16.0 ± 5.7) month and (23.0 ± 5.5) month, respectively]than those with low intensity expression [(9.3 ± 0.2) month and (11.1 ± 1.8) month (P = 0. 007 and P = 0.004) respectively]. Conclusions p-Akt1 expression is a significant positive prognostic factor for pancreaticcarcinoma and detection of p-Akt1 expression may be of clinical value.

The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells,dominated by lactobacilli.Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age,as well as cervical,fecal,and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women.Factors such as pregnancy history,delivery history,cesarean section,and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome,and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical micro-biome data.Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut.The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history.Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity,heavy flow,dysmenor-rhea,and contraceptives were also identified.Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause.Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome.Gut and salivary microbiomes,plasma vitamins,metals,amino acids,and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome.Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.