BACKGROUND:In the initial stage of growth plate injury inflammation,platelet-derived growth factor BB promotes the repair of growth plate injury by promoting mesenchymal progenitor cell infiltration,chondrogenesis,osteogenic response,and regulating bone remodeling. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the action mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB after growth plate injury. METHODS:PubMed,VIP,WanFang,and CNKI databases were used as the literature sources.The search terms were"growth plate injury,bone bridge,platelet-derived growth factor BB,repair"in English and Chinese.Finally,66 articles were screened for this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Growth plate injury experienced early inflammation,vascular reconstruction,fibroossification,structural remodeling and other pathological processes,accompanied by the crosstalk of chondrocytes,vascular endothelial cells,stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and other cells.Platelet-derived growth factor BB,as an important factor in the early inflammatory response of injury,regulates the injury repair process by mediating a variety of cellular inflammatory responses.Targeting the inflammatory stimulation mediated by platelet-derived growth factor BB may delay the bone bridge formation process by improving the functional activities of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and chondrocytes,so as to achieve the injury repair of growth plate.Platelet-derived growth factor BB plays an important role in angiogenesis and bone repair tissue formation at the injured site of growth plate and intrachondral bone lengthening function of uninjured growth plate.Inhibition of the coupling effect between angiogenesis initiated by platelet-derived growth factor BB and intrachondral bone formation may achieve the repair of growth plate injury.

The geographical origin of forensic evidence provides important information for crime investigation and solving cases,and is one of the key elements of criminal cases.Previous studies have shown significant differences in the distribution of microorganisms in different regions.Detecting environmental DNA samples and inferring the geographical and spatial sources can provide clues and evidence for case handling.However,due to the diversity of criminal environments and the trace amount of frequently encountered exhibits,stable and reliable technical methods for inferring geographical origin from environmental DNA are not yet available.This article summarizes the sample collection and DNA extraction methods for four types of environmental samples:dust,soil,water,and air.It compares the differences between amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing in studying environmental biological populations,outlines the full process of high-throughput sequencing-based data analysis,and focuses on reviewing the research progress in inferring geographical sources of environmental samples based on bacteria,fungi,and other eukaryotes,to provide references for establishing sequencing and analysis methods for environmental DNA in forensic DNA laboratories and exploring environmental DNA information for forensic applications.

Objective    To compare the clinical effects of segmentectomy and lobectomy for ≤2 cm lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary and solid subtype negative by intraoperative frozen sections. Methods    The patients with adenocarcinoma who received segmentectomy or lobectomy in multicenter from June 2020 to March 2021 were included. They were divided into two groups according to a random number table, including a segmentectomy group (n=119, 44 males and 75 females with an average age of 56.6±8.9 years) and a lobectomy group (n=115, 43 males and 72 females with an average of 56.2±9.5 years). The clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Results    There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). No perioperative death was found. There was no statistical difference in the operation time (111.2±30.0 min vs. 107.3±34.3 min), blood loss (54.2±83.5 mL vs. 40.0±16.4 mL), drainage duration (2.8±0.6 d vs. 2.6±0.6 d), hospital stay time (3.9±2.3 d vs. 3.7±1.1 d) or pathology staging (P>0.05) between the two groups. The postoperative pulmonary function analysis revealed that the mean decreased values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted in the segmentectomy group were significantly better than those in the lobectomy group (0.2±0.3 L vs. 0.4±0.3 L, P=0.005; 0.3%±8.1% vs. 2.9%±7.4%, P=0.041). Conclusion    Segmentectomy is effective in protecting lungs function, which is expected to improve life quality of patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical value and surgical methods of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) combined with portal vein (PV)/superior mesenteric vein (SMV) resection and reconstruction in the treatment of pancreatic cancer with PV/SMV invaded by tumor.Methods The clinical data of 21 patients of pancreatic cancer with PV/SMV invaded by tumor (group A) and 62 patients of pancreatic head cancer without PV/SMV invaded by tumor (group B) in the same period were collected and analyzed retrospectively from Jan 2014 to Apr 2017.There were no distinct invasion of celiac artery (CA),hepatic common artery (HCA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in two groups of pancreatic cancer patients.The patients of group A underwent PD combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction,and the patients of group B were only treated with PD surgery.The complication rate and overall survival time after PD was compared between the 21 patients of pancreatic cancer with PV/SMV invaded by tumor and the 62 patients of pancreatichead cancer without PV/SMV invaded by tumor.'Results The average overall survival time of 21 patients of pancreatic cancer with PV/SMV invaded by tumor (group A) was 19.2 months,specifically with 1-year survival rate of 57.1％ (12/21),2-year survival rate of 28.6％ (6/21),and 3-year survival rate of 14.3％ (3/21).Meanwhile,the average overall survival time of group B was 19.4 months,specifically with 1-year survival rate of 58.1％ (36/62),2-year survival rate of 30.6％ (19/62),and 3-year survival rate of 14.5％ (9/62).The results indicated that no differences for overall survival time of patients treated with PD including 1,2,3-year survival rate between two groups were found (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions For pancreatic cancer accompanied by PV/SMV invasion without invasion of SMA,CA and HCA,PD combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction are safe and feasible surgical procedures.The surgical reconstruction method was determined according to the location and length of the invaded vessels,and also there were no significant differences on the complication rate and overall survival time after PD between the pancreatic cancer patients with invasion of PV/SMV and the pancreatic head cancer patients without invasion of PV/SMV.

Background and objective As computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer becomes more common in China, so too does detection of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs). Although anumber of national or international guidelines about pulmonary GGNs have been published,most of these guidelines are produced by respiratory, oncology or radiology physicians, who might not fully understand the progress of modern minimal invasive thoracic surgery, and these current guidelines may overlook or underestimate the value of thoracic surgery in the management of pulmonary GGNs. In addition, the management for pre-invasive adenocarcinoma is still controversial. Based onthe available literature and experience from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, we composed this consensus about diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary GGNs. For lesions which are considered as adenocarcinoma in situ, chest thin layer CT scan follow-up is recommended and resection can only be adopt in some specific cases and excision should not exceed single segment resection. For lesions which are considered as minimal invasive adenocarcinoma, limited pulmonary resection or lobectomy is recommended. For lesions which are considered as early stage invasive adenocarcinoma, pulmonary resection is recommend and optimal surgical methods depend on whether ground glass component exist, location, volume and number of the lesions and physical status of patients. Principle of management of multiple pulmonary nodules is that primary lesions should be handled with priority, with secondary lesions taking into account.
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Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; China ; Consensus ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Physicians ; psychology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of the DNA damage repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) and susceptibility to chromosome damage in workers exposed to low-concentration benzene in the jewelcrafting industry.Methods A total of 286 workers exposed to benzene in jewelcrafting enterprises were enrolled as study subjects from January 2013 to December 2014.Gas chromatography was used to measure benzene concentration in workplace,cytokinesisblock micronucleus test was used to analyze the level of chromosome damage in peripheral blood,and the Sequenom technique was used to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC1.Results The timeweighted average concentration of benzene in workplace was ＜0.6 ～1.8 mg/m3,lower than the national occupational exposure limit (6 mg/m3).The distribution of allele frequencies met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetics(P＞0.05).Increase in age(RR=1.38,95％CI 1.06～3.75) and increase in working years (RR=1.45,95％CI 1.18～2.58) were risk factors for the increase in micronucleus frequency.Compared with those with the wild-type homozygous genotype,the individuals with XRCC1 rs25487 CT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of increase in micronucleus frequency (RR=1.51,95％CI 1.28～3.87,P＜0.05),and the individuals with XRCC1 rs1799782 AA genotype also showed a significantly higher risk of increase in micronucleus frequency (RR =1.65,95％ CI 1.30～3.12,P＜0.05).There was no clear association between XRCC1 rs25489 polymorphisms and micronucleus frequency (P＞0.05).Conclusion Exposure to lowconcentration benzene may cause chromosome damage in workers exposed to benzene,and the XRCC1 polymorphisms rs 25487 and rs 1799782 may be associated with chromosome damage induced by benzene.

Liver transplantation (LT) is one of the most important curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).In the past decade,great achievements have been made in the field of liver transplantation in China.The incidence of postoperative complications and hospital mortality have significantly decreased due to growing experience and maturity of surgical techniques.However,tumor relapse after LT still negatively impact on the long-term outcome of patients with HCC.HCC recurrence and patients' survival after LT are closely related to preoperative screening of patients,listing priority,local treatment and postoperative management.Successful management of these procedures determines the final therapeutic effect of LT on patients with HCC.In this article,the above issues were explored and discussed according to the current situation of domestic transplant community through revision of the literatures in combination with the clinical experiences.

Objective To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of the DNA damage repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) and susceptibility to chromosome damage in workers exposed to low-concentration benzene in the jewelcrafting industry.Methods A total of 286 workers exposed to benzene in jewelcrafting enterprises were enrolled as study subjects from January 2013 to December 2014.Gas chromatography was used to measure benzene concentration in workplace,cytokinesisblock micronucleus test was used to analyze the level of chromosome damage in peripheral blood,and the Sequenom technique was used to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC1.Results The timeweighted average concentration of benzene in workplace was ＜0.6 ～1.8 mg/m3,lower than the national occupational exposure limit (6 mg/m3).The distribution of allele frequencies met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetics(P＞0.05).Increase in age(RR=1.38,95％CI 1.06～3.75) and increase in working years (RR=1.45,95％CI 1.18～2.58) were risk factors for the increase in micronucleus frequency.Compared with those with the wild-type homozygous genotype,the individuals with XRCC1 rs25487 CT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of increase in micronucleus frequency (RR=1.51,95％CI 1.28～3.87,P＜0.05),and the individuals with XRCC1 rs1799782 AA genotype also showed a significantly higher risk of increase in micronucleus frequency (RR =1.65,95％ CI 1.30～3.12,P＜0.05).There was no clear association between XRCC1 rs25489 polymorphisms and micronucleus frequency (P＞0.05).Conclusion Exposure to lowconcentration benzene may cause chromosome damage in workers exposed to benzene,and the XRCC1 polymorphisms rs 25487 and rs 1799782 may be associated with chromosome damage induced by benzene.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of combined analysis of the biomarker Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the Milan criteria in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Method The clinicopathological data and outcome of the recruited 105 HCC patients undergoing OLT from October 2001 to April 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.KLF4 expression in HCC and paired non-tumor tissue was detected by immonohistochemistry and confirmed by Western blotting analysis.Five-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate and survival curves of the grouped patients were calculated and plotted by Kaplan-Meier method.Result The level of KLF4 expression was lower in HCC than that in paired non-tumor tissue (P＜0.05).KLF4 expression was significantly lower in poorly differentiated HCC than that in well-moderately differentiated HCC (P =0.008).Loss of KLF4 was an independent risk factor for predicting tumor recurrence and survival of HCC after OLT (HR =0.459 and 5.42,respectively,P＜0.001).The level of KLF4 expression could not differentiate the OS and RFS rate in the patients with tumors meeting the Milan criteria,whereas the OS and RFS rate in the patients with tumors exceeding the Milan criteria differentiated according to KLF4 expression.The patients with tumors beyond the Milan criteria and exhibiting moderate to high KLF4 expression had unexpectedly favorable 5-year OS (91.7％) and RFS (70.5％) rate.Conclusion KLF4 is a useful biomarker for prognostication of HCC patients undergoing OLT.Integrated use of KLF4 biomarker and the Milan criteria improves accurate prediction of survival and tumor recurrence for HCC patients after OLT.

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this research was to investigate the impact of post-transplantation adjuvant chemotherapy in the prevention of tumor recurrence and metastasis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exceeding Milan criteria after liver transplantation.

METHODSA total of 117 patients with HCC exceeding the Milan criteria who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) from August 2002 to February 2009 were enrolled and retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups according to chemotherapy regimens and the impact of different chemotherapy regimens on survival, disease-free survival, and adverse effects were compared.

RESULTSOne year survival rates for the gemicitabine, conventional chemotherapy, oxaliplatin plus capecitabine and the best supportive care (BSC) group were 87.5%, 84.2%, 81.6%, and 67.5%. The 3-year survival rates were 48.1%, 25.9%, 31.6%, and 33.7%, respectively for the four groups. One year disease free survival rates for the four groups were 69.8%, 47.4%, 53.8%, and 45.7% respectively. And 3-year disease free survival rates were 43.2%, 23.7%, 23.6%, and 25.1% for the four groups. Stratification analysis showed that the gemcitabine regimen and conventional chemotherapy could significantly improve the survival rate and disease free survival rate for HCC patients who had major vascular invasion and/or microvascular invasion after liver transplantation compared with BSC group.

CONCLUSIONSFor HCC patients beyond Milan criteria, especially who had vascular invasion and/or micorvascular invasion, post-transplantation adjuvant chemotherapy can significantly improve survival. Gemcitabine is a proper regimen for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Conventional chemotherapy can also benefit patients, but the adverse effects are not satisfactory.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; methods ; Deoxycytidine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Male