[Objective] To recommend an ideal method for extracting Ⅰ-collagen from cortical bone.[Method]The cortical bone of pig was splitted into small pieces after the soft tissues were cleaned up.The bone pieces were gradually dehydrated in alcohol,defatted in aether,decalcificated in hydrochloric acid,redefatted in chloroform:methanol(1:1,v/v)and became soft.The soft pieces were disintegrated into demineralized bone matrix(DBM)powder in a high speed mill.The osseins were extracted respectively by enhanced pepsin digestion method or alkali-solution method after the DBM powder was treated with desolving,centrifuging,dialyzing and lyophilization.The product got by enhanced pepsin digestion method was further confirmed.The extraction rate and appearance,viscosity and solidification of both products were analyzed and compared.[Result]The collagen produced by extraction of enhanced pepsin digestion method was confirmed to be I-collagen by analyzing amino-acid composition,protein electrophoresis,relative moleculas weight and max wavelength about light absorption.The extraction rate of Ⅰ-collagen by enhanced pepsin digestion method was(94.0?14.96)% as comparision with by alkali-solution method(57.8?4.96)% and the viscosity test of acetic and solution at the concentration 0.03%(w/v)was 3.71 and 2.81 respectively.At the condition of 37?,pH 7.35~7.45,the collagen solution extracted by enhanced pepsin digestion method solidified and changed into a glue 10 minutes later,while the product solution by extraction with alkali-solution was still like a sticky liquid.[Conclusion]Ossein extracted from cortical bone with enhanced pepsin digestion method is a realⅠ-collagen.Compared with alkeli-solution extraction method,the enhanced pepsin digestion extraction method has advantages of higher extraction rate,better purity,better viscosity and fine solidification of the product,and is a choice to prepare the Ⅰ-collagen from cortical bone.

Objective:To develop an automatic and continuous distraction osteogenesis technique by using totally embedded distractor of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) shape-memory alloy for the reconstruction of mandibular ramus. Methods:16 adult New Zealand rabbits were used in the experiment. Mandibular ramus and condyle on one side was removed to create a 1.5 cm segmental defect. A transport disc was created by "L" shape osteotomy at the end of the remnant ramus and Ni-Ti distractor was fixed and totally embedded in tissues. The rabbits were sacrificed 2 months after operation and the mandibles were harvested.The bone reconstruction were studied with radiographic and histological examination. Results: 2 months after operation all the animals were alive and mandible function kept well.The Ni-Ti distractors were self-activated and performed distraction osteogenesis automatically. The mandibular ramus achieved preliminary reconstruction. Histological examination showed bone regeneration in the distraction area. Conclusions: Ni-Ti distractor can fulfill automatic and continuous distraction osteogenesis.

Objective:To analyse the property of voltage-dependent potassium 〔K(v)〕 channel in healthy people′s peripheral lymphocyte so as to contribute the control for property alteration under some pathological condition,and to try to find the new subset of this channel.Methods:Patch-clamp whole cell recording technique was used.Results:In the recorded 39 cells,activated voltage of the channels was -40.3±2.5 Mv.No inactivation phenomenon appeared under repeated stimulation.The closing time of the channels was 116.3+8.2 ms under the repolarization,and the current could be inhibited by 10 mmol/L TEA.Conclusion:There might be only one type of K(v) channel in human peripheral blood lymphocytes,and its properties quite resumble the type of n K(v) channel in mice.

BACKGROUND:TiNi shape memory alloy(TiNi-SMA)distractor can be buried completely,there is no time delay and it is different from other distractors previously used.Therefore,it is necessary to reevaluate the osteogenetic time and quality.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quality of the alveolar ridge augmented by TiNi-SMA distractor by bone mineral density (BMD)and biodynamics tests of new-formed bone.DESIGN:Randomized controlled observation.SETTING:Department of Stomatology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:Twelve healthy adult male mongrel canines(ranged from 21 to 26 kg)were provided and bred by Medical Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.All the animals were accorded with the requirements of the quarantine and animal ethnics.Self-made distractors were used in the study.XR-36 Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (Norland,USA)and 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ Biomaterial Testing Machine(MTS,USA)were used in the study.METHODS:The experiments were performed at the Medical Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA from July 2000 to May 2004.The animals were grouped into group Ⅰ(3 months group)and group Ⅱ(6 months group)randomlv with 6 animals in each group.The left mandible was used as experimental side and the right was used as COntrol side.The canines were kilied after anaesthesia at 3 or 6 months later in both groups.After the mandible samples were cut,the BMD of three points in the distraction gap,above the distraction gap and below the distraction gap were measured by dual energy X-ray.Compressive biomechanics test was performed in the middle of the distraction area of the experimental side and the corresponding area of the control side to detect compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①BMD of the distraction area of the experimental side and the control side in the group Ⅰand group Ⅱ.②Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the mandibles of the experimental side and the control side.RESULTS:All of the 12 experimental canines were included in the final analysis,no drop-out.BMD determination:BMD was lower in above the distraction gap of the mandibles of the experimental side than in the control side in the group Ⅰ (t=-2.898,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in BMD between both sides in the group Ⅱ(P＞0.05).Compressive biomechanics test:Compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity of the mandibles on the experimental side were lower than on the control side in the group Ⅰ(t=-3.274,-3.534,P＜0.05).All indexes increased by some degree in the group Ⅱ compared to the group Ⅰ (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The new bone is strong enough for later repair such as implantation after distraction osteogenesis using TiNi-SMA distractor.

1:16) of the relative serum antibody has been observed in 80%, while none of this high level was observed in patients with Echovirus-25 and adenovirus dermatitis (

Objective To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations, risk factors, therapies and acute outcomes in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-five patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were included in the study. According to the radiological findings on the brain image, patients were divided into two subgroups:cerebral hemorrhage group and non-hemorrhage group. The demo?graphic data, potential risk factors, clinical manifestations, radiological features, therapeutic strategies and acute out?comes were compared between two subgroups, and high risk factors were also analyzed. Results There were seventy-five patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the present study. Twenty-eight patients of them (37.2%) had cerebral hemorrhage whereas the remaining forty-seven patients (62.7%) did not have cerebral hemorrhage. Pregnancy/puerperi?um were significantly higher in patients with cerebral hemorrhage (with vs without;28.6%vs. 6.4%, P=0.015), while in?fection was markedly higher in patients without cerebral hemorrhage (with vs without;7.1% vs. 29.8%, P=0.021). Head?ache (92.9% vs. 70.2%, P=0.021), unconsciousness (25.0% vs. 6.4%,P=0.034), seizures (53.6% vs. 19.1%, P=0.002) and motor deficits (35.7% vs. 12.8%, P=0.019) were more common in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, mul?tiple sinus involvement (1.4% vs. 44.7%, P=0.024) was significantly higher and the acute outcomes(mRS≥3: 46.4%vs.17.0%, P=0.006)were poorer in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Binary Logistic analysis showed that pregnancy/pu?erperium (P=0.004) and multiple sinus involvement were positively, whereas infection was negatively correlated with cere?bral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage ( P=0.007;P=0.03). Conclusions Pregnancy/puerperium, headache, uncon?sciousness, seizures, motor deficits and multiple sinus involvement are more frequently in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage, and the acute outcomes are poorer in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by cerebral hemorrhage.

To investigate the changes in the expression levels of scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB 1) in the liver tissues before and after liver xenotransplantation and analyze the relationship between the variations in the SCARB1 expression and coagulation regulating dysfunction in the recipients.Methods The Wuzhishan miniature pig with α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout(GTKO) was utilized as the donor and Macaca thibetana was chosen as the recipient.Heterotopic auxiliary liver xenotransplantation models were established.The liver tissue specimen was collected before and after liver xenotransplantation.Primary hepatocytes were extracted from the pig using collagenase digestion method.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by immunomagnetic bead sorting.These two types of cells were co-cultured and supplemented with human plasma to establish cell models with coagulation regulating dysfunction following liver xenotransplantation.Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to quantitatively measure and statistically compared the expression levels of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein of SCARB1 in the tissue and cell samples.At the cellular level,the expression of SCARB 1 was interfered by lentiviral vector.The coagulation time was detected to validate the effect upon coagulation function.Results The expression levels of SCARB1 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated after liver xenotransplantation (both P＜0.05).In the cell models,the expression levels of SCARB1 mRNA and protein in the porcine hepatocytes co-cultured with human monocytes were significantly down-regulated compared with those in porcine hepatocytes without intervention (both P＜0.05).Compared with the non-intervention group,the coagulation time was significantly prolonged after the expression of SCARB1 was interfered by lentiviral vector (P＜0.05).Conclusions The down-regulated expression of SCARB1 in the liver graft is one of the main causes of mediating coagulation regulating dysfunction.Intervention of SCARB1 expression contributes to resolve the coagulation regulating dysfunction in the recipients after liver xenotransplantation.

【Objective】 To investigate the positive rate of platelet antibody in pregnant women and analyze the related factors. 【Methods】 A total of 620 pregnant women who underwent antenatal examination from March 2017 to July 2018 were screened for platelet antibodies by solid phase agglutination method. The relationship between platelet antibody positive rate and blood transfusion history, reproductive history and ABO blood group were analyzed, and the profile of disease were alsodiscussed. 【Results】 55 out of 620 pregnant women presented positive platelet antibody, with a positive rate of 8.87%.The platelet antibody positive rate of pregnant women with ahistory of blood transfusion (14.13%) was higher than those never transfused before(6.65%), and the platelet antibody positive rate of pregnant women with a childbirth history (10.46%) was higher than those didn′t bear before(3.52%), showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The ABO blood grouphad no correlation with antenatal platelet antibody positive rate(P>0.05). Pregnant women with positive platelet antibodies mainly suffered from diseases such as placenta pravia, scarred uterus, placental implantation and thrombocytopenia. 【Conclusion】 Blood transfusion history, reproductive history and disease type have certain effects on the positive rate of platelet antibody in pregnant women.Screening platelet antibody in pregnant women is of great significance to prevente and reduce miscarriage during pregnancy and the occurrence of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura(NAITP).

Objective:To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult carotid body tumors (CBTs) in Northwest China to provide references for early diagnosis and treatment of CBTs.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective, non-intervention epidemiological investigation was conducted on adult CBTs patients who were hospitalized from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2023 in 7 Class A tertiary hospitals in Northwest China (Departments of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, 940 th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). Medical records were collected in these patients, and they were divided into 2 groups according to their average altitude residence: high altitude group (≥1 500 m) and low altitude group (<1 500 m); meanwhile, these patients were divided into Shamblin type I, type II and type III groups according to Shamblin classification criteria; differences in general data and clinical features among patients from different altitude groups or Shamblin subgroups were compared. Independent influencing factors for Shamblin type III CBTs were analyzed by multivariate ordered Logistic regression. Results:(1) A total of 359 patients were enrolled in the study, including 276 females and 83 males, aged (48.80±12.07) years; 211 patients were into the high altitude group and 148 into the low altitude group; 165 patients were into Shamblin type I group, 146 into Shamblin type II group, and 48 into Shamblin type III group. (2) Compared with those in the low altitude group, patients in the high altitude group had higher proportion of females, older age, lower proportion of Han nationality, higher proportion of Shamblin type I, smaller tumor volume, lower platelet count, higher red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin level, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume, and higher large platelet percentage, with significant differences ( P<0.05). (3) Compared with those in the Shamblin type I group, patients in the Shamblin type III group had younger age, lower resident altitude, larger tumor volume, longer time interval from onset to diagnosis, higher proportion of unintentional tumor discovery, larger volume of intraoperative blood loss, lower hemoglobin level, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte volume, and mean hemoglobin concentration, decreased erythrocyte distribution width variable coefficient, and increased platelet count, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Compared with those in the Shamblin type II group, patients in Shamblin type III group had younger age, larger tumor volume, longer time interval from onset to diagnosis, larger volume of intraoperative blood loss, lower hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean erythrocyte volume, higher erythrocyte distribution width variable coefficient and platelet count, with significant differences ( P<0.05). (4) Age ( OR=0.960, 95% CI: 0.942-0.977, P<0.001), residence altitude ( OR=0.992, 95% CI: 0.990-0.999, P=0.020) and time interval from onset to diagnosis ( OR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.005-1.014, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for Shamblin type III CBTs. Conclusions:More females than males are noted in patients with adult CBTs in Northwest China, and more CBTs patients live at high altitude, with Shamblin type I enjoying the highest proportion. More female and old patients lived at high altitude is noted than those lived at low altitude; patients with Shamblin type III have the youngest age, lowest altitude, and longest time interval from onset to diagnosis. CBTs patients with young age, low residence altitude, and long time interval from onset to diagnosis are more likely to develop Shamblin type III.

Objective:Smoking is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, data from some studies have shown that smoking is not associated with hypertension, and smokers may even have lower blood pressure than the non-smokers. Therefore, the association between smoking and blood pressure is yet to be further explored through longitudinal studies. This study explores the effect of smoking on blood pressure among people aged between forty five to eighty years old whose records are gathered from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS).Methods:Participants of CHARLS who completed all three surveys from both the national baseline investigation in 2011 and the follow-up surveys in 2013 and 2015, were enrolled. Multi-level linear regression was used to analyze the association between smoking and blood pressure, and Cox regression with time-varying variables was used to analyze the association between smoking and hypertension, after the adjustment for gender, age, education level, marital status, BMI, and alcohol consumption.Results:Subjects included in this study were with an average age of 58.8 years and 46.3 % of them being male. After the adjustments of all the covariates, systolic and diastolic blood pressure of smokers appeared as 1.81 mmHg (95 %CI: 0.55-3.07 mmHg, P<0.05) and 0.85 mmHg (95 %CI: 0.10-1.60 mmHg, P<0.05), both higher than those of non-smokers, respectively. From the Cox regression analysis, data showed that smoking was not highly associated with the risk of hypertension development ( HR=1.11, 95 %CI: 0.89-1.38, P>0.05), statistically. Conclusions:Smoking seemed to be positively correlated with the elevation of blood pressure, among individuals aged between 45 and 80 years old. However, more evidence on the association between smoking and the risk of hypertension development needs to be further explored.