BACKGROUND:TiNi shape memory alloy(TiNi-SMA)distractor can be buried completely,there is no time delay and it is different from other distractors previously used.Therefore,it is necessary to reevaluate the osteogenetic time and quality.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the quality of the alveolar ridge augmented by TiNi-SMA distractor by bone mineral density (BMD)and biodynamics tests of new-formed bone.DESIGN:Randomized controlled observation.SETTING:Department of Stomatology of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:Twelve healthy adult male mongrel canines(ranged from 21 to 26 kg)were provided and bred by Medical Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.All the animals were accorded with the requirements of the quarantine and animal ethnics.Self-made distractors were used in the study.XR-36 Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (Norland,USA)and 858 Mini Bionix Ⅱ Biomaterial Testing Machine(MTS,USA)were used in the study.METHODS:The experiments were performed at the Medical Experimental Animal Center of General Hospital of Chinese PLA from July 2000 to May 2004.The animals were grouped into group Ⅰ(3 months group)and group Ⅱ(6 months group)randomlv with 6 animals in each group.The left mandible was used as experimental side and the right was used as COntrol side.The canines were kilied after anaesthesia at 3 or 6 months later in both groups.After the mandible samples were cut,the BMD of three points in the distraction gap,above the distraction gap and below the distraction gap were measured by dual energy X-ray.Compressive biomechanics test was performed in the middle of the distraction area of the experimental side and the corresponding area of the control side to detect compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①BMD of the distraction area of the experimental side and the control side in the group Ⅰand group Ⅱ.②Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the mandibles of the experimental side and the control side.RESULTS:All of the 12 experimental canines were included in the final analysis,no drop-out.BMD determination:BMD was lower in above the distraction gap of the mandibles of the experimental side than in the control side in the group Ⅰ (t=-2.898,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in BMD between both sides in the group Ⅱ(P＞0.05).Compressive biomechanics test:Compressive stress and the modulus of elasticity of the mandibles on the experimental side were lower than on the control side in the group Ⅰ(t=-3.274,-3.534,P＜0.05).All indexes increased by some degree in the group Ⅱ compared to the group Ⅰ (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The new bone is strong enough for later repair such as implantation after distraction osteogenesis using TiNi-SMA distractor.

For the purpose of identifying the effect of body mass index on bone mineral density, an investigation was made in regard to the relationship between body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of lumbar vertebrals of men without osteoporosis. 838 male patients were diagnosed and treated in West China Hospital of Sichuan University because of ostealgia and arthralgia from Aug. 2003 to Dec. 2005. They were examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, their L2-L4 bone mineral density being < -2.5SD. Then they were graded by body mass index (Kg/m2) [1st group BMI > or =23, 454 cases (Group A BMI > or = 29, 46 cases; Group B 25 < or = BMI < 28.9, 201 cases; Group C 23 < or = BMI < 24, 9193 cases); 2nd group 18.5 < BMI < 22.9, 311 cases; 3rd group BMI < or = 18.5, 68 cases]. The relationships between BMI and BMD of lumbar spine were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. The results revealed their positions in series: (1) Among Groups 1-3, BMD, average BMD and aBMC of L2-L4 being 3rd group > 2nd group > 1st group, the differencs are statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); BMC, aBMC of L3 and L4 and aBMC of L2 being 3rd group > 2nd group > 2nd group, the differences are significant (P < 0.01); besides BMC of L2 and T-score,the differencs among three groups are not statistically significant (P > 0.05); (2) Among the 1st group, BMD and average BMD of L2-L4 being Group C > Group B > Group A,the differencs are significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); BMC, aBMC of L and I being Group C > Group B > Group A,the differences among the three groups are significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); BMC, aBMC of L3 and L4 and aBMC of L2 being Group C > Group B > Group A, the differences are significant, besides BMC of L2 and T-score,the differences among three groups are not significant (P > 0.05), (3) BMI correlated negatively (P < 0.01, r = -0.189) to the average BMD of lumbar spine. The average BMD of lumbar spine decreases when BMI increases in males without osteoporosis. When obesity is more obvious, the decrease in average BMD of lumbar spine bone is more evidently decreased. The decrease of BMD, BMC and total BMC in L3 and L may be greater than that in L2.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Arthralgia ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Body Composition ; physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis

Water-based magnetic fluid was synthesized by using 50% dextran 40,000 as coated reagent. The acute toxicity and irritant of the magnetic fluid injected into mice subcutaneous tissues were examined. The lethal dosage 50 of dextran-coated magnetic fluid was 4409.61 +/- 514.93 mg/kg. Twenty four h after subcutaneous injecting with 30 mg/0.3 ml dextran-coated magnetic fluid, no more inflammation than hemangiectasia and leucocytes infiltration had been seen in subcutaneous tissues, 72 h later the reaction phenomena disappeared. While, injection with 30 mg/0.3 ml water-based oleate sodium-coated magnetic fluid, ulceration and break-off of cutis had been seen in the seventh days. That is to say, the dextran-coated magnetic fluid was safe and well tolerate, however, the oleate sodium-coated magnetic fluid was not fit to subcutaneous injection.
Animals ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; toxicity ; Dextrans ; toxicity ; Female ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; toxicity ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Magnetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Random Allocation

There were 482 male patients with non-hyperostosis diagnosed by X-ray among 1207 males who visited West China Hospital because of pain and/or numbness in bone or/and in joints from August 2003 to December 2005; the base-line information in records included age, stature, body weight(calculated BMD, symptoms, co-morbidities, exercise frequency, and smoking. The bone mineral density of lumbar spine was determined and used to judge osteoporosis or non-osteoporosis. Comparison was made on the basic information between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group by t test or chi2 test statistical analysis; the relationship of multiple factors with osteoporosis was analyzed by Logistic Regression. The results of comparison between osteoporosis group and non-osteoporosis group indicated, there were significant differences among BMI, exercise and smoking, but no significant differences were seen among age, complications of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, BMI and smoking are the risk factors of osteoporosis, yet exercise is the protection factors of osteoporosis; the risk of osteoporosis increases by 0.654 times in men with BMI scaling up by 1 kg/m2 (P = 0.004). Therefore, we conclude that BMI is a risk factor of osteoporosis in male, and it may be related to body fat distribution.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Exercise ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Young Adult

From among the patients who visited the Dept. of Rehabilitation of West China Hospital for arthalgia in the period from Aug. 2003 to Dec. 2005, we recruited 566 male patients who were over 40 years of age and did not have hyperostosis in the lumbar spine, and whose T scores were each less than--1. Their ages ranged from 40 to 93 years, and the average age was 62.93 +/- 13.50. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry from DMS Company in France was used to measure the bone density of the L2-4 anterior-posterior. The basic data about the subjects, containing the age, height, weight, diabetes mellitus, exercise and smoking or not, were recorded. Then the body mass index were calculated. In accordance to the T score, the subjects were separated into two groups: osteopenia group and osteoporosis group. In comparison of the basic data between groups, BMI of osteoporosis group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group, but the number of the subjects who exercised was smaller (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that in the case BMI increased by 1 kg/m2, BMD significantly decreased by 0.003 g/cm2 (P = 0.002), and the age negatively correlated with BMD (B = -0.001, P = 0.035). "Exercise or not" was positively related to BMD (B = 0.028, P = 0.000). "Smoking or not" and BMD were not significantly correlated (P = 0.837). In conclusion, increase of BMI, or we may say, increase of fat, would decrease the lumbar spine average BMD in the patients of osteoporosis or osteopenia. Some reports have pointed out that only by increasing BMI with increased amount of muscles, but not with increased amount of fat, would be beneficial to the prevention of osteoporosis. So we concluded that the muscle amount in the subjects should be taken into account when we probe into the relation between BMI and BMD.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism

Morchella is a genus of fungi with the ability to concentrate Cd both in the fruit-body and mycelium. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to Cd stress in Morchella are unknown. Here, RNA-based transcriptomic sequencing was used to identify the genes and pathways involved in Cd tolerance in Morchella spongiola. 7444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by cultivating M. spongiola in media containing 0.15, 0.90, or 1.50 mg/L Cd2+ . The DEGs were divided into six sub-clusters based on their global expression profiles. GO enrichment analysis indicated that numerous DEGs were associated with catalytic activity, cell cycle control, and the ribosome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways under Cd stress were MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, several DEGs encoding ion transporters, enzymaticon-enzymatic antioxidants, and transcription factors were identified. Based on these results, a preliminary gene regulatory network was firstly proposed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification in M. spongiola. These results provide valuable insights into the Cd tolerance mechanism of M. spongiola and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on detoxification mechanisms in macrofungi that could potentially lead to the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.

Morchella is a genus of fungi with the ability to concentrate Cd both in the fruit-body and mycelium. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to Cd stress in Morchella are unknown. Here, RNA-based transcriptomic sequencing was used to identify the genes and pathways involved in Cd tolerance in Morchella spongiola. 7444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by cultivating M. spongiola in media containing 0.15, 0.90, or 1.50 mg/L Cd2+ . The DEGs were divided into six sub-clusters based on their global expression profiles. GO enrichment analysis indicated that numerous DEGs were associated with catalytic activity, cell cycle control, and the ribosome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways under Cd stress were MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, several DEGs encoding ion transporters, enzymaticon-enzymatic antioxidants, and transcription factors were identified. Based on these results, a preliminary gene regulatory network was firstly proposed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification in M. spongiola. These results provide valuable insights into the Cd tolerance mechanism of M. spongiola and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on detoxification mechanisms in macrofungi that could potentially lead to the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.

Objective:To investigate the influence and mechanism of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in microglia/macrophages M1 activation after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods:(1) Animal experiment: 20 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham-operated (Sham) group, middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) group, MCAO/R+si-Ctrl group, and MCAO/R+si-STIM1 group ( n=5); MCAO/R models were established in mice of the latter 3 groups; empty vector control virus and STIM1 gene knockout lentivirus were transfected into mice in the MCAO/R+si-Ctrl group and MCAO/R+si-STIM1 group. The transfection efficiency of STIM1 and the expression of microglia/macrophages M1 activation marker cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) in each group were observed. (2) Cell experiment: primary microglia were divided into Ctrl group, oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) group, OGD/R+si-Ctrl group, OGD/R+si-STIM1 group, OGD/R+solvent group, and OGD/R+4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) group; OGD/R models were established in the later 5 groups; empty vector control virus and STIM1 gene knockout lentivirus were transfected into mice in the OGD/R+si-Ctrl group and OGD/R+si-STIM1 group; cells in the OGD/R+4-PBA group were pre-treated with 1 mmol/L 4-PBA for 1 h at 24 h before OGD/R modelling to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and cells in the OGD/R+solvent group were pre-treated with 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 1 h at the same time. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ELISA, Western blotting and other methods were used to detect the levels of CD86, tumour necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) mRNA, interleukin (IL)-1β, and ERS-related proteins (transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP], activated transcription factor 4 [ATF4]) in these cells. Results:(1) Animal experiment: the STIM1 expression in MCAO/R+si-STIM1 group was significantly lower than that in Sham group, MACO/R group and MCAO/R+si-Ctrl group ( P<0.05); as compared with that in the MACO/R group and MCAO/R+si-Ctrl group, the number of microglia/macrophages co-expressing CD86 and Iba-1 around the ischemic foci of mice in the MCAO/R+si-STIM1 group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). (2) Cell experiment: as compared with those in the OGD/R group and OGD/R+si-Ctrl group, the expression levels of STIM1, CD86, and TNF-α mRNA, and supernatant IL-1β content in the OGD/R+si-STIM1 group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the OGD/R group and OGD/R+si-CTRL group, the ATF4 and CHOP expression levels in OGD/R+si-STIM1 group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05); as compared with those in the OGD/R group and OGD/R+solvent group, the CD86 level, TNF-α mRNA expression level and IL-1β content in the OGD/R+4-PBA group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:STIM1 affects microglia/macrophages M1 activation after ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating ERS level.

Objective:To analyze the hemodynamic changes of different types of unruptured intracranial aneurysms before and after flow diverter (FD) treatment with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and lay research foundation for precision treatment and prognosis evaluation for unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Four patients with different types of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2022 to March 2022, were chosen. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) data of the patients before and immediately after surgery were collected. Morphological and hemodynamic parameters of the aneurysms were calculated by 3D reconstruction, finite element simulation, and CFD methods: ostium ratio (OsR), neck ratio (NR), area ratio (ArR), volume ratio (VoR), wall shear stress (WSS), normalized wall shell stress (NWSS), blood inflow, relative inflow, aneurysm average velocity, parent artery average velocity, normalized velocity, residual flow volume (RFV), and inflow concentration index (ICI); differences of these indexes before and after treatment were compared.Results:The OsR of 6 aneurysms was 0.225, 0.267, 0.265, 0.389, 1.000, 1.000, respectively; NR was 1.220, 0.274, 1.090, 1.587, 2.809, and 4.019, respectively; ArR was 0.608 and 0.224, 0.623, 3.462, 1.225 and 1.784, respectively; and VoR was 0.386, 0.052, 0.212, 3.462, 0.422 and 1.882, respectively. The parameters of WSS, NWSS, blood inflow, relative inflow, aneurysm average velocity, parent artery average velocity, normalized velocity, RFV, and ICI decreased obviously after FD implantation.Conclusion:On the basis of 3D reconstruction combined with FD/coil virtual implantation, CFD-based hemodynamic analysis can obtain accurate parameters of different types of intracranial aneurysms before and after FD treatment.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult carotid body tumors (CBTs) in Northwest China to provide references for early diagnosis and treatment of CBTs.Methods:A multicenter, retrospective, non-intervention epidemiological investigation was conducted on adult CBTs patients who were hospitalized from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2023 in 7 Class A tertiary hospitals in Northwest China (Departments of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, People's Hospital of Gansu Province, 940 th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). Medical records were collected in these patients, and they were divided into 2 groups according to their average altitude residence: high altitude group (≥1 500 m) and low altitude group (<1 500 m); meanwhile, these patients were divided into Shamblin type I, type II and type III groups according to Shamblin classification criteria; differences in general data and clinical features among patients from different altitude groups or Shamblin subgroups were compared. Independent influencing factors for Shamblin type III CBTs were analyzed by multivariate ordered Logistic regression. Results:(1) A total of 359 patients were enrolled in the study, including 276 females and 83 males, aged (48.80±12.07) years; 211 patients were into the high altitude group and 148 into the low altitude group; 165 patients were into Shamblin type I group, 146 into Shamblin type II group, and 48 into Shamblin type III group. (2) Compared with those in the low altitude group, patients in the high altitude group had higher proportion of females, older age, lower proportion of Han nationality, higher proportion of Shamblin type I, smaller tumor volume, lower platelet count, higher red blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin level, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume, and higher large platelet percentage, with significant differences ( P<0.05). (3) Compared with those in the Shamblin type I group, patients in the Shamblin type III group had younger age, lower resident altitude, larger tumor volume, longer time interval from onset to diagnosis, higher proportion of unintentional tumor discovery, larger volume of intraoperative blood loss, lower hemoglobin level, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte volume, and mean hemoglobin concentration, decreased erythrocyte distribution width variable coefficient, and increased platelet count, with significant differences ( P<0.05). Compared with those in the Shamblin type II group, patients in Shamblin type III group had younger age, larger tumor volume, longer time interval from onset to diagnosis, larger volume of intraoperative blood loss, lower hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean erythrocyte volume, higher erythrocyte distribution width variable coefficient and platelet count, with significant differences ( P<0.05). (4) Age ( OR=0.960, 95% CI: 0.942-0.977, P<0.001), residence altitude ( OR=0.992, 95% CI: 0.990-0.999, P=0.020) and time interval from onset to diagnosis ( OR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.005-1.014, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for Shamblin type III CBTs. Conclusions:More females than males are noted in patients with adult CBTs in Northwest China, and more CBTs patients live at high altitude, with Shamblin type I enjoying the highest proportion. More female and old patients lived at high altitude is noted than those lived at low altitude; patients with Shamblin type III have the youngest age, lowest altitude, and longest time interval from onset to diagnosis. CBTs patients with young age, low residence altitude, and long time interval from onset to diagnosis are more likely to develop Shamblin type III.