Objective:To analyze the risk factors of newly developed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) based on a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 219 patients with pancreatic or periampullary tumors undergoing PD in the Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from December 2015 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 129 males and 90 females, aged (63.68±11.07) years old. The patients were divided into two groups according to the newly occurrence of NAFLD within one year after PD: the NAFLD group ( n=57) and non-NAFLD group ( n=162). A caliper value of 0.1 was employed for 1∶1 matching, resulting in a well-balanced PSM between the groups. Results:A total of 144 patients were successfully matched by PSM. Univariate analysis indicated that gender, body mass index, preoperative serum triglyceride and operative time were risk factors for newly developed NAFLD after PD. Multivariate analysis showed that female ( OR=6.493, 95% CI=2.631-16.129, P<0.001), preoperative serum triglycerides ≥1.5 mmol/L ( OR=3.055, 95% CI=1.220-7.654, P=0.017) and operative time ≥300 min ( OR=5.092, 95% CI=1.374-18.865, P=0.015) were the independent risk factors for newly developed NAFLD after PD. Conclusion:Based on PSM analysis, female, preoperative triglyceride ≥1.5 mmol/L and operative time ≥300 min were independent risk factors for newly developed NAFLD after PD.

Objective:To analyse the risk factors of biliary leakage after surgical resection in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC).Methods:The medical data on 179 patients who underwent surgical resection for PHCC at the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University from April 2000 to April 2020 were collected, and 160 patients were finally enrolled into this study. There were 86 males and 74 females, aged (63.4±10.8) years. The 44 patients with class B biliary leakage and the 5 patients with class C biliary leakage were classified into the biliary leakage group, while the remaining 111 patients were classified into the control group. Risk factors of biliary leakage were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:Operation time ≥360 min, resection and reconstruction of hepatic hilar vessels on the preserved side of liver and number of bile duct openings of >3 in remnant liver were significantly higher in the biliary leakage than the control group (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that resection and reconstruction of hepatic hilar vessels on the preserved side ( OR=2.322, 95% CI: 1.078-5.002, P=0.028) and 3 or more bile duct openings in the remnant liver ( OR=2.656, 95% CI: 1.198-5.892, P=0.016) were significantly associated with biliary leakage. Conclusion:Resection and reconstruction of hepatic hilar vessels on the preserved side of liver and 3 or more bile duct openings in remnant liver were independent risk factors for biliary leakage after PHCC resection.

Objective:To evaluate clinical and pathological factors related to the actual 5-year survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCC).Methods:A total of 94 HCC patients who underwent radical surgery at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo Medical Center from Jan 2000 to Jun 2015 were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into two groups: postoperative survival group beyond 5 years and death group within 5 years. The clinical and pathological features of the two groups were analyzed.Results:Of the 94 patients, 19 (20.2%) had a postoperative survival time of more than 5 years. The actual 5-year overall survival rate of HCC patients (20.2%) was lower than that estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (22.2%). Gender, age, CEA value, CA199 value, total bilirubin, Child-Pugh classification, Bismuth classification and preoperative jaundice reduction were not significantly different between the two groups nor there were significant difference between two groups in operation time, blood loss, surgical procedure, combined caudate lobectomy, combined pancreaticoduodenectomy, combined resection of surrounding organs, vascular reconstruction and number of bile duct orifices in remnant liver surface. There were significant differences between two groups in the variables of pathological phenotype ( P=0.012), lymph node metastasis ( P=0.001) and resection level ( P=0.048). Conclusion:Non-papillary type, lymph node metastasis and R 1 resection are the independent risk factors of the actual 5-year survival.

Objective:To investigate the impact of initial recurrence site on the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer after radical operation.Methods:Clinical data of 172 patients who underwent radical resection of pancreatic cancer and were pathologically confirmed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in Ningbo University Affiliated Lihuili Hospital from January 2015 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the classification of the initial recurrence or metastasis after operation: no recurrence, local recurrence (residual pancreas, mesenteric vein, pancreaticoenterostomy surrounding tissue), liver metastasis, abdominal or retroperitoneum metastasis, multiple site recurrence and other pattern recurrence. The effect on prognosis was analyzed by COX risk ratio model, the overall survival and recurrence-free survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier, and the survival curve was drawn. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival rate of different recurrence sites and different treatments after recurrence.Results:12 patients had local recurrence, 69 had liver metastasis, 25 had abdominal or retroperitoneal metastasis, 17 had multiple site recurrence, and 5 had other site recurrence and 44 had no recurrence. The median follow-up time was 15.5 months (3-69 months). The median overall survival was 19 months (95% CI 16.273-21.727). The 1- , 3- and 5-year postoperative cumulative survival rate was 71.0%, 27.8% and 20.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that CA125, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, microvascular invasion, tumor differentiation degree, adjuvant chemotherapy, initial recurrence site were significantly correlated with overall survival (All P value <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that CA125 ≥30 IU/ml ( OR=2.669, P=0.001), microvascular invasion ( OR=1.736, P=0.028), poor tumor differentiation ( OR=1.604, P=0.027), adjuvant chemotherapy ( OR=0.439, P<0.001), initial recurrence site (All P value <0.05) were the independent risk factors for overall survival. The median recurrence-free survival of 172 patients was 9 months (95% CI 7.075-10.925). Univariate analysis showed that CA125, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and microvascular invasion were significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (All P value <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that CA125 ( OR=1.640, P=0.026), tumor size ( OR=1.774, P=0.011) and microvascular invasion ( OR=1.563, P=0.034) were the independent risk factors for recurrence-free survival. After surgery, the median survival time of patients with local recurrence, other pattern recurrence, abdominal or retroperitoneal metastasis, multi-site recurrence and liver metastasis was 28, 22, 21, 15 and 14 months, respectively. Among them, the overall survival of patients with postoperative local recurrence was longest, which was significantly longer than that of patients with multi-site recurrence ( P=0.035) and liver metastasis ( P=0.007); the survival of patients with abdominal or retroperitoneal metastasis was also longer than that with liver metastasis ( P=0.005); and all the differences were statistically significant. In 128 patients with recurrence, the median overall survival of 26 patients without adjuvant therapy was 10 months (95% CI 6.877-13.123); the median overall survival of 68 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy was 15 months (95% CI 13.013-16.987); the median overall survival of 34 patients with comprehensive treatment of surgery and radiotherapy was 19 months (95% CI 15.100-22.900), which was significantly higher than the other two groups, and there were significant statistical differences among the three groups ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The initial recurrence site of pancreatic cancer after radical operation is an independent risk factor for overall survival. Compared with local recurrence and abdominal or retroperitoneal metastasis, patients with multi-site recurrence and liver metastasis have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive treatment after recurrence can significantly prolong the overall survival.