Objective To establish the quality standard of Alisma plantago-aquatica through comparing systematically the changes of HPLC fingerprint of 23-alisol B and 24-alisol A, and other corresponding components as well. Methods The gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation and data were analyzed by "Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation" software and DPS statistic software. Results Total quality of A. plantago-aquatica was the best when grow-seedling was at 25th, June, transplanting at 10th, September, and collecting at 22nd, December in the same year. Conclusion Total quality will drop along with the postponement of grow-seedling stage, transplanting stage, and collecting stage.

Objective To study the influence of tripterygium glycosides (LGTDG)in the bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signal transduction pathway and BMP-2 expression,and to clarify the mechanism of anti-ankylosing spondylitis (AS)ossification of LGTDG.Methods The in vitro cultured AS fibroblasts were divided into control group and 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mg·L-1 LGTDG groups.The alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activities of the cells and optimal drug concentrations in various groups were detected;CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation rate of the cells in 1.0 mg· L-1 LGTDG group;the biochemical tests were performed to quantitatively detect the BMP-2 expression levels in control group and 1.0 mg· L-1 LGTDG group;Western blotting method was used to determine the BMP-2 and Cbfal protein expressions. Results The ALP activities in LGTDG groups were lower than that in control group,especially in 1.0 mg·L-1 LGTDG group (P<0.01).The CCK-8 assay results showed that the proliferation rate of AS fibroblasts in 1.0 mg·L-1 LGTDG group was significantly low than that in control group(P<0.01),the proliferation rate reached the peak at the 4th day after LGTDG treatment and entered into the plateau phase,then the proliferation rate of the cells was decreased.The biochemical assay and Western blotting results indicated that the protein expression levels of BMP-2 in 1.0 mg·L-1 LGTDG group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion LGTDG can effectively inhibit the BMP-2 expression in AS fibroblasts and delay the cells to differentiate into the osteoblasts and lead to AS ossification by BMP signal transduction pathway.

Objective To study the characteristics of neutralization antibody in mice induced by DNA vaccines of hemagglutinin(HA) of novel H1N1 influenza A virus(2009H1N1).Methods HA encoding plasmids of 2009H1N1 or 1918H1N1(2009HA or 1918HA)were constructed.25 μg or 200 μg dosage of 2009HA plasmids were used to immunize the mice,the total antibody of anti-20O9HA or cross-reactive antibody were assayed by ELISA using 2009HA or 1918HA protein as capture antigen,and the neutralizing antibody were assayed by two kinds of virus pseudo - particles(pp) of 2009H1N1 and 1918H1N1 .Results During of 4 to 16 weeks after boost immunization,in two groups of mice immunized with 25 μg or 200 μg dosage 2009HA plasmids,both total antibody of anti-2009HA and neutralizing antibody to 2009H1Nlpp reached the similar level(P ＞0.05),and there were cross-reactive antibody to 1918HA protein in two groups of mice serum,with similar titers of cross-neutralizing activity to 1918H1N1 pp(P ＞0.05),Conclusion A low dosage DNA vaccine encoding HA of 2009 H1 N1 virus is able to induce persistent and high level of neutralizing antibody,and may be potential valuable vaccine against the new emerging influenza virus.

Objective: To investigate SIN ( Sinomenine) for TLR signal transduction pathway and MyD88 ( MyeloidDifferentiation Factor 88), TRAF-6 ( Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor-6) expression, clarifying SIN inhibit RA(Rheumatoid arthritis)-FLS(Fibroblast-like synoviocytes)proliferation leads to joint deformity of RA cartilage and subchondral bonedestruction caused by the role of mechanisms.Methods: RA-FLS cells for vitro were divided into a control group and(0.125,0.25,0.5,1 mmol/L)SIN group,within each group were detected by alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,to determine the best concentrationfor vitro drug;detect 0.5 mmol/L SIN group in CCK-8 method to detect cell proliferation rate;fluorescence quantitative PCR methodMyD88 SIN group and control group with 0.5 mmol/L TRAF-6 gene expression;Western blot method to detect MyD88 SIN group andcontrol group with 0.5 mmol/L TRAF-6 protein expression.Results: SIN the ALP activity of the lower than the control group,with theminimum ALP activity of 0.5 mmol/L SIN group(P<0.01).CCK 8 method,0.5 mmol/L RA-FLS cell proliferation rate SIN group wasobviously lower than the control group(P<0.01),SIN induce cell proliferation rate was highest,4 days into the plateau,after cell proliferationrate began to fall.Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot method to detect,0.5 mmol/L SIN group of MyD88 andTRAF-6 gene and protein expression significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion: The SIN of TLR signalling pathways through effectively suppress the influence of RA-FLS MyD88 in the cell and theexpression of TRAF-6,this could be a treatment of RA prevent cartilage and subchondral bone damage cause joint deformity happened one of the important molecular mechanism.

BACKGROUND: Donation after cardiac death (DCD) is becoming the main source of organs for transplantation. Donor and recipient gender may play an important role in preoperative evaluation and recipient selection of transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of donor and recipient gender on the recovery of renal function after DCD renal transplantation, and to further guide the selection of recipients. METHODS: The clinical data of recipients and donors of DCD kidney transplantation performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2012 to March 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. According to donor and recipient gender, the donors and recipients were divided into four groups: group A (male donor, male recipient), group B (male donor, female recipient), group C (female donor, male recipient), group D (female donor, female recipient). The renal function of the recipients was recorded at 1 and 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to compare the effect of donor and recipient gender on the recovery of renal function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum creatinine level in the groups A and B was lower than that in the groups C and D at postoperative different time points, and there was a significant difference at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The estimated glomerular filtration rate in the groups A and B was significantly higher than that in the groups C and D at postoperative different time points (P < 0.05). The serum creatinine level in the group C was significantly higher than that in the other three groups at postoperative different time points (P < 0.05). The serum creatinine level in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group B at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The glomerular filtration rate in the group A was significantly higher than that in the group C at postoperative different time points (P < 0.05). The glomerular filtration rate in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group D at 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the male donors show superior renal function to the female donors. The postoperative recovery of renal function is relatively slow when the male recipients receive a kidney of female donors. The female recipients with lower body surface area who receive the kidney of elderly male donors with poor renal function can achieve favorable clinical effects. Therefore, the gender should be used as a reference index for selecting potential recipients.

Objectives To investigate the occipital cortex metabolite alterations in repetitive and severe neonatal hypoglycemia rats treated with sodium pyruvate and to reveal the protective role of sodium pyruvate using high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Methods Thirty-six 2-dayold Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hypoglycemia group and pyruvate group with 18 rats in each group.Rats in both groups received intraperitoneal injections of insulin (40 U/kg body weight) at 2,4 and 6 days of age to induce severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose value ≤ 1.4 mmol/L).In the hypoglycemia group,2.5 hours after insulin injection,intraperitoneal injection of 50％ glucose (2 ml/kg) was administered to terminate hypoglycemia,while in the pyruvate group,50％ glucose (2 ml/kg) and sodium pyruvate solution 2.5 ml/kg (500 mg/kg) were injected.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to observe the status of injured neurons in six neonatal rats,and metabolite changes in occipital cortex of the other 12 rats were detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The difference between the two groups was compared by independent-samples t test.Results Neonatal rats of both groups reached severe hypoglycemia level 2.5 hours after insulin injection.Compared with hypoglycemia group,pyruvate group had fewer injured neurons (45±5 vs 113 ± 12,t=0.782,P=0.013) and lower injured index in the occipital cortex (0.15 ± 0.03 vs 0.36 ± 0.06,t=l.143,P=0.020).Pyruvate group showed significant decreases in the concentration of taurine [(13.31 ± 2.06) vs (18.44 ± 3.86) mol/kg,t=8.231],glutamine[(1.50 ± 0.24) vs (2.02 ± 0.40) mol/kg,t=3.137],glutamate[(7.04 ± 0.95) vs (9.40 ± 1.73) mol/kg,t=6.449],aspartate[(1.51 ± 0.28) vs (2.15 ± 0.58) mol/kg,t=2.561] and creatine [(6.37±0.99) vs (8.46± 1.77) mol/kg,t =4.226] in the occipital cortex (all P'＜0.017).Conclusions Simultaneous use of glucose and sodium pyruvate to terminate hypoglycemia in repetitive and severe neonatal hypoglycemia rats can effectively alleviate severe hypoglycemia-induced occipital lobe damage via regulating excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters,energy metabolism and other metabolic pathways.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of single kidney transplantation for children from pediatric donors between body weight ≤15 kg and >15 kg.Methods:A retrospective review in 156 children with single donor kidney transplantation from August 2010 to December 2019 in the Kidney Transplantation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was conducted. The patients were classified into the small kidney group (pediatric donor body weight ≤15 kg) and the big kidney group (pediatric donor body weight >15 kg). In this study, 89 cases were concluded in the small kidney group and 67 cases were concluded in the big kidney group. The donor kidneys were obtained from 46 cases of small weight (≤15 kg) pediatric donors and 48 cases of large weight (>15 kg) pediatric donors. There were significant differences in age [1.00 (0.02 - 4.00) years vs. 10.00 (3.00-18.00) years], body weight [10.0 (3.4 - 15.0) kg vs. 35.0 (16.2- 35.0) kg], height [76 (50- 113) cm vs. 144 (67-172) cm], GFR [(31.50±7.46)ml/min vs. (36.79±7.00) ml/min], and renal length to diameter [(5.91±0.48) cm vs. (8.71±1.88) cm] between the small kidney group and the big kidney group ( P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups of donors in gender, cold/warm ischemia time and cause of death ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in age [(11.28±3.89) years vs. (13.86±3.56) years], body weight [(31.83±10.45)kg vs. (35.13±9.15) kg], and height [(130.02±28.56) cm vs. (143.97±16.59) cm] between recipients of the small kidney group and big kidney group ( P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences in preoperative serum creatinine level [(822.65 ± 135.04) μmol/L vs. (777.31 ± 165.40) μmol/L], HLA mismatch [(3.4 ± 1.4) site vs. (3.2±1.3) site], and primary disease between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The recovery of renal function, postoperative adverse events, postoperative children, and graft survival were compared between the two groups. Results:The renal function of the two groups of recipients returned to normal 3 months after operation. The perioperative complications in the small kidney group and the big kidney group mainly included renal delayed recovery [5.6% (5/89) vs. 7.5% (5/67), P=0.89], renal vascular embolization [3.4% (3/89) vs. 0, P=0.35], and acute rejection [2.2% (2/89) vs. 4.3% (3/67) , P=0.75]. The main cause of recipient death during the follow-up period was pulmonary infection [4.5% (4/89) vs. 6.0% (4/67) , P=0.68]. The postoperative small kidney group was followed up for an average of 30 (3-74) months. The survival rates of children in the small kidney group at the 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery were 96.6% (86/89), 91.0% (81/89) and 91.0%(81/89), while the transplanted renal survival rates were 92.1% (82/89), 86.5% (77/89) and 84.2% (75/89), respectively. The postoperative big kidney group was followed up for an average of 32 (4-89 ) months. The survival rates of children in the big kidney group were 95.5% (64/67), 94.0% (63/67) and 91.0%(61/67) in the first 1, 3 and 5 years postoperatively, while the graft survival rates were 92.5% (62/67), 83.6% (56/67) and 83.6% (56/67), respectively. The postoperative kidneys of two groups were fast-growing, and there was no significant difference between the small kidney group and the big kidney group in graft length to diameter [(9.63±0.31) cm vs. (9.75±0.71) cm] after 1 year ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The effect of single pediatric kidney transplantation for pediatric donor with body weight ≤15 kg is equivalent to that for pediatric donor with body weight >15 kg , which can be carried out clinically.

Objective:To explore the value of subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning in overcoming the impact of the specialized disease treatment mode in subspecialty establishment on the cultivation of professional postgraduate students.Methods:In the teaching of general surgery and gastroenterology, sixty professional postgraduate students of grade 2019 were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 30 students in each group. The control group received traditional teaching, while the experimental group received the teaching mode of subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning. The teaching effectiveness and the degree of satisfaction with teaching were compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed using the t test and the chi-squared test using SPSS 20.0. Results:In actual teaching, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher scores of theoretical assessment (71.51±11.32 vs. 87.23±10.51, P<0.05) and case analysis (73.61±6.82 vs. 92.37±6.87, P<0.05). The rates of satisfaction with theoretical knowledge learning, application of clinical thinking ability for diseases, teaching organization forms, and teaching effectiveness were 90.00%(27/30), 86.67%(26/30), 96.67%(29/30), and 93.33%(28/30) in the experimental group, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [40.00%(12/30), 23.33%(7/30), 40.00%(12/30), and 46.67%(14/30), respectively; all P<0.05]. Conclusions:The subspecialty group collaboration combined with disease checklist-driven learning mode can overcome the problems of "narrow disease spectrum and narrow knowledge scope" in specialized postgraduate education, and guide students to break the teaching barriers generated by subspecialty construction to create a new form of comprehensive and multi-disease learning, with good prospects for promotion and application.

OBJECTIVETo examine the clinical application of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) for regional left ventricular function assessment in normal subjects.

METHODSWe examined 50 healthy subjects (range 12-42 years, mean age 28.3 +/- 6.9 years) using pulsed Doppler tissue imaging to characterize the diastolic and systolic velocity profiles of mitral annulus. Recordings were made along the long axis in the apical 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and long apical views of 6 sites (posterior-septum, lateral, anterior, inferior, anterior-septum, posterior) at the mitral annulus. Myocardial velocities were determined with use of variance F statistical analysis. Correlation analysis was employed to test the relationship between age and mitral annular velocities.

RESULTSBoth early diastolic and systolic velocities at the septum were lower than other sites. There were no differences in mitral annulus late diastolic velocities. Mean early diastolic and systolic velocities was negatively correlated with age.

CONCLUSIONSDoppler tissue imaging can directly reflect regional left ventricular function.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Child ; Diastole ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Reference Values ; Systole ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To explore the morphological changes of renal grafts in implantation protocal biopsy,and early stage effect of lesions from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors.Methods Preimplantation kidney biopsy from 48 cases of DCD donors from August 2016 to March 2017 was retrospectively reviewed.Protocal biopsy was performed on dual kidneys and evaluated according to Banff 2016 donor criteria before transplantation.The Banff score of kidneys was calculated and its effects on renal function were evaluated.Results There were 48 donors and 95 kidneys (there was one kidney with congenital renal indevelopment).In.one case,diffused thrombus in arteriae arcuata occurred on the left side (normal on the right side),and the left kidney was discarded.In one case,diffused arteriolar hyaline (ah3) occurred on the left side (normal on the right side),and the left kidney was discarded.Severe interstitial fibrosis (＞70％) was seen in one pair of kidneys,and the kidneys were discarded.The proportion of glomerulosclerosis (GS) was ＞30％ in one pair of kidneys,and the kidneys were discarded.There was no statistically significant difference in morphometric changes between left kidney group and right kidney group (P＞0.05).Besides GS,the morbidity of interstitial fibrosis (ci) was 17％,that of tubular atrophy (ct) was 16％,that of interstitial inflammation (i) was 13％,that of fibrous intimal thickening (cv) was 19％,that of arteriolar hyaline changes (ah) was 28％,that of glomerolar thrombi (gt) was 0％,and that of acute kidney injury (AKI) was 81 ％.Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimated was compared between ah ＞2 group and ah≤2 group.eGFR in ah＞2 group was significantly higher in 16 days,one month and three months,but not in 7 days.Terminal blood serum creatinine (t-Scr) in ah＞2 group in three months was significantly higher than that in ah≤2 group (152.5 ± 47.38 vs.122.08 ± 36.57 μmol/L,P＜0.05).The eGFR was compared between Banff score ＞3 group and Banff score ≤3 group.The eGFR in ah＞2 group was significantly higher in one month and three months,but not in 7 days and 16 days.t-Scr in Banff score ＞3 group was higher significantly than in Banff score ≤3 group (146.18-± 44.55 vs.115.27 ± 30.67 μmol/L,P＜0.05).Seven patients were diagnosed as having delayed graft function (DGF),there were 2 patients with ah＞2 and Banff score＞3,and 1 patient with primary non-function (PNF).Conclusion Vasculopathy and acute renal tubular injury were most common lesions in donor renal pathology.Kidneys with diffused arteriolar hyaline change (ah＞2) or Banff score ＞3 have poor graft function at 3rd month.