As the post-genome era is approaching, omics has become a hot topic in the research field of life sciences and is also widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. For discussing the correlation between syndromes and omics, the authors explored the application of genomics, proteomics and metabonomics in the study of syndrome classification from the macroscopic view, after a systematic and normative study of the literature. The authors drew the conclusion that research into the correlation between syndromes and omics has great clinical significance in terms of the scientific application and quantification of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation.

Evidence-based medicine advocates that decision making should be based on the adequate evidence. High quality systematic review is an important source of information for clinicians, patients, governments and other decision makers in decision making. If reviewers couldn't master the correct method of systematic review or meta-analysis was misused, the inaccurate, biased or misleading outcomes would be produced. So understanding of the methods of evaluating the quality of systematic review and meta-analysis is helpful to make good use of the review's information.

Unclear clinical orientation in practice has become one of the common problems with the effective application of famous and excellent Chinese herbal drugs, consequently restricting their development. The authors suggest that there are three aspects to be considered in dealing with this problem. Clinical evaluation and orientation of the famous and excellent Chinese herbal drugs is an important task, and it is also a requirement for the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Literature evaluation-pharmacology research-clinical expertise analysis method will establish a theoretical basis and method for post-marketing development of famous and excellent Chinese patent drugs.

Objective This paper aims to describe the prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors and its related factors amongst female medical college students. Method Questionnaire surveys were conducted among a total of 798 medical students recruited by cluster random sampling in Jining Medical College from April 5 to 16, 2013. Result A total of 728 valid questionnaires were collected; 29 participants (4.0%) were overweight and 9 participants (1.2%) were obese; 250 participants (34.3%) were losing weight. Among participants who had experience of losing weight, unhealthy weight control methods mainly included not eating staple food (17.3%), drinking diet tea (16.1%), fasting (12.9%), taking diet drug (8.6%), inducing diarrhea (5.4%), inducing vomiting (2.0%), enema (1.5%), etc.; 29.0% (211/728) of participants had unhealthy weight control behaviors. The rates of being weak (c2=19.681, P=0.000), failure to concentrate (c2=12.031, P=0.001), dizziness (c2=5.461, P=0.019), irregular menstruation (c2=24.628, P=0.000), anorexia (c2=32.008, P=0.000), insomnia (c2=11.021, P=0.001) and anxiety (c2=14.402, P=0.000) among participants who had unhealthy weight-control behaviors were higher than those of participants without unhealthy weight?control behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that the factors associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors were senior class (OR=2.041;95%CI:1.336-3.111), high average family income (OR=1.758;95%CI:1.183-2.611), weight loss intention (OR=6.756;95%CI:1.541-29.626),not hesitating to delay learning (OR=1.594;95%CI:1.078-2.359),insisting on weight loss process regardless of discomfort (OR=2.008;95%CI:1.245-3.238), slimming purpose (body beauty) (OR=1.786;95% CI: 1.095-2.913), and slimming purpose (fashion) (OR=3.169; 95%CI: 1.545-6.498). Subjects with longer dinner time (OR=0.556; 95% CI: 0.341-0.907) and preferring light diet (OR=0.593; 95% CI: 0.406-0.865) had lower rate of unhealthy weight control behaviors. Conclusion Part of female college students are lacking proper understanding of self body shape and unhealthy weight control behaviors and had done harm to their health.

BACKGROUND: Diseases and maternal poor habits before conception and during pregnancy have been considered as the definite risk factors for premature delivery and one of the results with better repeatability in the studies on the pathogenesis, whether parental socioeconomic status is related to the occurrence of premature birth?OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of parental socioeconomic status with premature birth.DESIGN: A case-control study with the parents who has premature infants or normal infants as subjects.SETTING: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University;Woman's Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Haici Medicine Group; Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Eighth People's Hospital PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of premature infants (n=227) were recruited from Qingdao Municipal Maternity and Children Health Institute and the Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, premature birth were confirmed according to the diagnostic standards; the control infants (n=750) were also recruited from the same place, they were delivered at pregnancy of from 38 to 42 weeks with birth mass of 3 000-4 000 g. Two groups were matched in sexual constitution and the birthday of within the same week.METHODS: Parents of two groups were asked to fill the self-made questionnaire. Maternal obstetric factors were referring to the perinatal booklet and infant birth record; meanwhile parental socio-economic status, daily-life behaviours and sociodemographic character were also investigated. Multivariate non-conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of correlative factors.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parental school education, occupation, the annual family income, as well as bad living and behavioral habits.RESULTS: According to the real state, data of 227 premature infants and 750 normal control infants were analyzed finally. Maternal delivery age of ＞ 35 years old (≤ 25 years old in normal control group), working as a teacher or unemployment (worker in control group), smoking and drinking during pregnancy, father's occupation as peasant (worker in control group), with a long smoking history, lower parental education (not lower than junior college education in control group) and family income less than 35 thousand Yuan (more than 35 thousand Yuan in control group) were proved to be the significant risk factors for premature birth (OR =1.629-15.701).CONCLUSION: Maternal employment as a teacher with father as a peasant, together with lower family income and lower parental education are connected with premature delivery.

Objectives To explore the perceived stigma among family members of people with schizophrenia and to identify the influential factors related to perceived stigma in socio-demographic characters of family members and patient characters.Methods Total 127 family members of people with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Beijing were surveyed by the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale developed by Link.Results The mean score of the perceived devaluation-discrimination scale is 2.60±0.44.It was significantly higher than the 2.5 midpoint(t=2.53,P<0.05).Family member's perceived stigma was significantly different between different groups of residence area,education level,occupation and family income (P<0.05).Perceived stigma were not affected by patient characters (P>0.05).Family members'education level was the influencing factors of stigma,and the R~2 Square is 0.213.Conclusions The family members of people with schizophrenia suffered from high stigma.Education level of family member may be one of the influential factors.

Objective To investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in rotenone-mediated dopaminergic cell damage. Methods Neuronal rat adrenal pheochromecytoma(PC12) cells treated with rotenone were used as the cell model of Parkinson' s disease (PD). Cell viability of PC12 cells after exposure to rotenone was detected by MTT (methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium) method. Immanohistechemistry was used to detect the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cells exposed to rotenone. Western blotting was used to verify the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and to observe the effect of PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) that phosphorylates and activates ERK1/2, on rotenone-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell viability.Results The viability (represented by A570 of PC12 cells exposed to 5 μmoL/L rotenone) declined with the increase of exposure time from 1 h to 24 h (%, 1 h :75.46±5.47, 2 h : 70.42±1.94, 4 h : 65.23± 0.96, 8 h : 59.04 ± 2.85, 24 h :29.64 ± 1.63, comparison between different time points(F=143.014, P=0.000) ; compared with control groups(100.00±2.89), q value: 17.07, 20.58, 24. 19, 28.50, 48.95 respectively, all P <0.01). After exposure to rotenone, phosphorylated ERK1/2 aggregated in the PC12 cells. Western blotting indicated that rotenone induced a biphasic phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which increased from 30 min after rotenone treatment, reached the peak at 1-2 h, decreased at 4 h, and increased again at 8 h, and disappeared after 16 h; PD98059 significantly inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by rotenone, and attenuated cell injury examined at 1, 2 and 8 h. Conclusions Our study suggested that ERK1/2 activation plays a detrimental role in rotenone toxicity, and raised the possibility that abnormal patterns of ERK1/2 activation may contribute to dopaminergic neuronal cell death in PD.

An introduction to general guidelines and practices of reforming the corporate governance of public hospitals in Weifang,Shandong province.Such guidelines and practices include the following:set up a government hospital administration,and clarify the rights and responsibilities of public hospital owners; clarify the independent status of legal person of the hospital to revitalize it; improve the check and balance mechanism to ensure its effectiveness and order.Such a reform has streamlined the management framework of public hospitals,and mobilized incentives of both the director and the staff,further enhancing the public benefit characteristics of the hospitals and satisfying the patients.

Objective To prepare proanthocyanidins/bletilla striata polysaccharide/chitosan microspheres ( PC/BSP/CTS ) and the physic-chemical characterizations were investigated.Methods The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were prepared by spray drying method.The morphology of PC/BSP/CTS microspheres was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), and its physic-chemical characteristics such as diameters, release in vitro, moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were studied.ResuIts The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres were successfully prepared by spray drying method, SEM showed that PC/BSP/CTS microspheres had the spherical shape with smooth surfaces.The diameters of microsphere A, B and C were 10~20, 2~15, 10~25μm.The in-vitro release showed that the cumulative release of three kinds of microspheres A, B, C was 25.07 %, 38.83 %and 60.00 % in 24 h, which had no burst release, while with time prolonged to 48 h, the cumulative release was 28.89%, 43.17% and 72.86%, respectively.The results of moisture content, swelling ratio, solid density were 15.35% ~23.51%, 46.50% ~105.80%, 0.375 ~0.496. ConcIusion The PC/BSP/CTS microspheres are successfully prepared by spray drying method which possess good characteristics and sustained-release effect, which would be as a good pulmonary drug delivery system.