Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels exhibit an asymmetrical conductance at hyperpolarization (high conductance) compared to depolarization (low conductance). The KCNJ10 gene which encodes an inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 subunit plays an essential role in the inner ear and hearing. Mutations or deficiency of KCNJ10 can cause hearing loss with epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, and renal tubulopathy (EAST) or SeSAME (seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance) syndromes. In this review, we mainly focus on the expression and function of Kir4.1 channels in the inner ear and mutation-induced EAST/SeSAME syndromes to provide insight for understanding the pathogenesis of deafness induced by KCNJ10 deficiency.
Deafness ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ear, Inner ; metabolism ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mutation ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; genetics ; metabolism ; Seizures ; genetics ; metabolism

Shenzhen Eye Hospital took the lead to launch the time interval outpatient clinic appointment registration,for easing the difficulty of seeing doctors and shortening outpatient waiting time.With 30min as a registration interval,the hospital calls into play a variety of means to provide this service to outpatients.This service benefits the outpatients with comfortable hospital environment and promotes hospital efficiency.On this basis,the paper probed into existing problems in the appointment system and proposed improvement suggestions.

Objective To observe the effect of silencing Snail gene on the invasion and proliferation ability of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1.Methods Lentiviral vectors that can express small hairpin RNA(shRNA) targeting human Snail gene(shRNA-Snail) or shRNA sequence that did not match any known mRNA(shRNA-NC) were constructed,and transfected into PANC1 cells.Untransfected cells served as control.mRNA and protein expression of Snail,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin was determined by real time quantitative PCR and Western blotting,respectively.In vitro invasion ability was tested by Transwell model.Proliferation ability was measured by CCK-8 assay.Results Compared with those in shRNA-NC group,Snail mRNA (0.27 ± 0.02 vs 0.92 ± 0.03) and protein level (0.26 ± 0.02 vs 0.80 ± 0.02),and α-SMA mRNA (0.33 ±0.04 vs 0.97 ±0.07) and protein level (0.31 ±0.04 vs 0.74 ±0.06) in shRNA-Snail group were obviously decreased,but E-cadherin mRNA (1.57 ± 0.45 vs 0.95 ± 0.08) and protein level (0.86 ± 0.03 vs 0.20 ± 0.03) were greatly increased.The number of cells permeating the septum of transwell [(6.80 ± 0.73)/400 magnification vs (26.80 ± 2.52)/400 magnification,P ＜0.01] was significantly decreased,and cell proliferation was inhibited (0.74 ± 0.05 vs 1.47 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01).All the differences above were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).No significant differences were observed between shRNA-NC and normal control group.Conclusions Silencing Snail gene may restrain the invasion and proliferation ability of PANC1 cells to a certain degree.

Benign anastomotic stenosis after esophagogastrectomy could reduce the patients' quality of life,even resulting in severe malnutrition and death.The endoscopic treatment includes dilatation,stent insertion,locoregional injection,and a relatively new technique radial incision and cutting.This article reviewed the progress in endoscopic treatment of benign anastomotic stenosis after esophagogastrectomy.

Objective To study the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of adults in urban and rural areas of Wuwei City Gansu Province.Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 200 adults aged 18-45 who had lived more than six months in Wuwei City from April 2009 to January 2010.A random urine and fasting blood samples were collected.Urinary iodine content was measured with arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroid hormone (FT4) and three free triiodothyronine (FT3) were quantified by direct chemiluminescence immunoassay.Thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid microsomal antibodies (TMAb) were detected by radioimmunoassay.Results A total of 99 and 98 copies of urine samples of urban and rural groups were tested,respectively.The median of urinary iodine of urban and rural groups was 189.0 and 258.2 μg/L,respectively,and rural group was higher than urban group (Z =-4.020,P ＜ 0.01).A total of 104 and 95 copies of blood samples of urban and rural groups were detected; mean value of FT4 in urban group [(16.8 ± 3.0)pmol/L] was higher than that of rural group [(15.4 ± 2.4)pmol/L,t =3.539,P ＜ 0.01].The positive rates of TGAb of urban and rural groups were 11.5％ (12/104) and 15.8％ (15/95),respectively; the positive rates of TMAb of urban and rural groups were 13.5％ (14/104) and 14.7％ (14/95),respectively; the positive rates of TGAb of male and female were 5.5％ (6/109) and 23.3％ (21/90),respectively; the positive rates of TMAb of male and female were 6.4％ (7/109) and 23.3％ (21/90),respectively.The positive rates of TGAb and TMAb were lower in male than in female (x2 =13.362,11.661,all P ＜ 0.01).The rates of thyroid function disorders of urban and rural groups were 16.3％ (17/104) and 8.4％ (8/95),of male and female 11.9％ (13/109) and 13.3％ (12/90),respectively.Subclinical hypothyroidism in all thyroid function disorders was the most common,which was 14.4％ (15/104) and 7.4％ (7/95) in urban and rural groups,11.0％ (12/109) and 11.1％ (10/90) in male and female,respectively.Conclusions Iodine nutrition level is appropriate for adults in urban areas,but in rural areas iodine nutrition is high or excessive; subclinical hypothyroidism in all thyroid function disorders is the most common; we should be concerned about the risk of iodine overdose,especially the risk of illness in women.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of bacteria clinically isolated from Yuyao people's hospital and its relationship with antibiotic consumption, in order to provide basis for rational use of antibiotics in clinic.MethodsA total of 3178 strains of bacteria were detected in our hospital from the third quarter of 2015 to the second quarter of 2016.The drug resistance of bacteria, the consumption of antibacterial agents in each quarter, and their relationships were analyzed.ResultsThe major isolated bacteria was gram-negative bacteria, among which constituent ratio of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked the top 4.Gram-negative bacteria's resistance rates of several antibiotics were positively correlated with the utility rate of quinolones, and also had a different degree of positive correlation with the use of beta lactamase/inhibitor, aminoglycosides and carbapenems.Staphylococcus were the mainly gram positive bacteria, whose resistance rates to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and erythromycin were positively correlated with the usage of the same type of antibiotics.ConclusionBacterial resistance rates are closely associated with the consumption of antimicrobials.Selecting antibacterial agents reasonably according to the results of drug susceptibility test is important to control the drug resistance of bacterial.

Objective:To investigate the association patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors for the adults in Haidian District.Methods:Data for chronic disease-relevant risk factors for 3 219 adults in Haidian District in 2014 were collected and analyzed.SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical description and logistic regression.SPSS Modeler 14.1 was used to explore the association among the chronic disease-relevant risk factors.Results:Among men,5 patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors were identified,which suggested that heavy drinking,inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables,and physical inactivity were associated with smoking while inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables and smoking were associated with physical inactivity.Among women,one pattern of chronic disease-relevant risk factor was identified,which suggested that inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with physical inactivity.Conclusion:Chronic disease-relevant risk factors are intercorrelated among the adults in Haidian District.Information on patterns of chronic disease-relevant risk factors could assist interventions targeting multiple behaviors simultaneously.

Objective To investigate the effects of modafinil,a new wake-promoting agent, on vestibular function during 24 h sleep deprivation(SD). Method Eight male healthy young volunteers were exposed to two 24 h periods of continuous wakefulness during the crossover experiment. In one period, 200 mg doses of modafinil were given and in the other, separated by one week, matching placebos were administered. The SD time started from 8:00 of the first day to 8:00 of the second day. Drugs was given at 0:00 of the second day. Vestibular function was tested at 21:00 of the first day and 1 ,3,5,7 h after drug administration. Result The accuracy of saccade tracking and the gains of VVOR(visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex)and OKN(optokinetic nystagmus)in the placebo group decreased during 24 h SD, especially at 1: 00～5:00 of the second day, while OKN gains in the modafinil group was increased significantly. There were no significant differences of other vestibular function between modafinil group and placebo group. Conclusion Twenty four SD can influence vestibular function in certain degree,but optokinetic nystagmus can be improved by modafinil.

To optimize the water extraction process for glycyrrhiza. Methods: HPLC was used to determine the con-tents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin. The comprehensive index included the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin and the yield of dry extract. The water amount and the extraction time were selected as the independent variables, and the comprehensive index was set as the dependent variable. Design-expert 8. 06 software was used to fit multivariate linear or quadratic multinomial models for the experimental values. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the water extraction process. The prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. Results:The regression coefficient of binomial fitting complex model was as high as 0. 979 7. The optimum conditions of extraction process were as follows:12-fold amount of water, extracting 3 times with 90 min for each time. The deviation between the observed and predicted values was -1. 72%. Conclusion: Central composite design-response surface methodology is convenient and highly predictive in optimizing the water extraction process for glycyrrhiza, which can be applied in the further membrane separation and purification.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of early minimally invasive catheterization continuous abdominal lavage and drainage in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) .Methods:170 SAP patients admitted to Quzhou People’s Hospital from Jan. 2016 to Jun. 2020 were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 85 cases in each group, according to the random number table method. The control group received comprehensive medical treatment, while the observation group received early minimally invasive catheterization continuous abdominal lavage and drainage intervention based on the control group. The efficacy and complications after 1 week of treatment were evaluated. Besides, the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and acute physiology and chronic health II (APACHEII) were scored, liver and lung function indexes [oxygenation indexes, oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ], and inflammation indexes [C-reactive protein (CRP) , tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) ] were measured before and 1 week after the treatment. Results:The total effective rate of the treatment in the observation group was 91.77%, which was significantly higher than 77.65% in the control group ( P<0.05) . The level of IAP, APACHEII score, AST, ALT, CRP, TNF-α, MIP-1α of the two groups after 1 week of treatment decreased significantly compared with those before treatment, while the oxygenation index and PaO 2 increased significantly. The levels of IAP, APACHEII score, AST, ALT, CRP, TNF-α, and MIP-1α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week of treatment, while the oxygenation index and PaO 2 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference ( P<0.05) . The incidence rates of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) , sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the observation group were: 8.24%, 11.76% and 15.29%, significantly lower than 21.18%, 29.41% and 30.59% in the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Early minimally invasive catheterization continuous abdominal lavage and drainage in treatment of SAP is safe and effective, which can significantly inhibit pro-inflammatory factors, and protect liver and lung function.