Objective To determine the expression of Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in the fetal membrane and placenta of idiopathic polyhydramnios. Methods The amnion, chorion and placenta were collected from 12 term pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios(polyhydramnios group) and 12 term pregnancies who were normal (control group). The expression of AQP8 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of AQP8 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of AQP8 mRNA in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.78±0.13), (0.58±0.10), and (0.86±0.15) respectively, and that of control group was (0.39±0.07 ), (0.45±0.09),and (0.34±0.09) respectively. The expression of AQP8 protein in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.195±0.024), (0. 170±0.028), and (0. 193±0.024) respectively, and that of control group was (0. 151±0.018), (0.156±0.024), and (0. 152±0.023) respectively. In all 3 types of tissues the expression of AQP8 mRNA of polyhydramnios group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). In anmion and placenta the expression of AQP8 protein of polyhydramnios group was also increased compared to that of control group (P<0.05), but in chorion the difference in AQP8 protein expression between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein is significantly increased in the anmion and placenta of polyhydramnios, suggesting that AQP8 may play an important role in the regulation of amniotic fluid volume.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of membrane proliferative glome-rulo-nephritis (MPGN) transitioned from endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (EnPGN).Methods The clinical data and the results of pathological examination of one case of MPGN transitioned from EnPGN were retrospectively analyzed.Results The child was presented with proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and persistent low level of complement C3. The type of renal pathology was transitioned from EnPGN to MPGN. Complete remission was achieved in this child with the treatment of oral prednisolone and tacrolimus, but the level of plasma complement C3 remained low.Conclusions The type of renal pathology in children with persistent low level of complement C3 could make a transition, and the early diagnosis, timely and effective treat-ment are important.

Objective To investigate the drug effect of children with Dent disease who received therapy of po-tassium citrate and thiazide diuretics and angiotensin -converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI),and to provide the refe-rence for the clinical treatment.Methods Dent disease patient who were followed -up in Bayi Children′s Hospital Af-filiated to Beijing Military Region General Hospital during the period of July 2006 and March 201 4 were selected.The patients were administered a therapy of potassium citrate associated with thiazide diuretics and ACEI according to the level of proteinuria and calciuria and serum potassium.The underlying changes before and after the treatment were com-pared and analyzed.Results In 1 5 children with Dent disease,they were all male cases,onset age ranged from 3 months to 1 1 years old[(2.62 ±3.1 1 )years old],and the disease duration ranged from 0.50 to 9.50 years old [(2.81 ±2.34)years].The patients were followed up for 0.50 to 7.50 years[(3.61 ±2.62)years].There was a sig-nificantly statistical difference in calcium/creatinine and daily Ca -creat ratio in contrast to before treatment[(0.41 ± 0.1 9)mg/mg vs(0.26 ±0.1 2)mg/mg,t =2.603,P =0.021 ;(6.76 ±2.0)mg/kg vs (4.34 ±1 .97)mg/kg,t =5.265,P =0.000],there was no significantly statistical difference in 24 -hour urinary protein quantity in contrast to before treatment[(0.96 ±0.62)g/24 h vs (0.87 ±0.44)g/24 h,t =1 .01 6,P =0.327].One case with kidney stone and 5 cases with nephrocalcinosis had a negative result of renal ultrasound after treatment.Conclusions Treatment of potassium citrate combination with thiazide diuretics and ACEI can significantly decrease urinary calcium excretion, make a disappearance of kidney stone and nephrocalcinosi,and it may have a role in protecting renal function.Treat-ment of benazepril can not significantly decrease the proteinuria and has no substantial improvement in low molecular weight protein urine.

Objective To determine the relationship between the residue amniotic fluid volume after preterm premature rupture of membranes(PPROM)and maternal-fetal prognosis.Methods One hundred and forty-five pregnant women with PPROM during 28-34 gestational weeks were studied,hospitalized in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Jan.2002 to Feb.2009,and Chongqing Health Center For Women And Children from Jan.2005 to Feb.2009.All patients are willing to take part in these experiments.According to Amniotic fluid index(AFI)by ultrasound,patients were derided into three groups:(1)Group of oligohydramnios:AFI＜50 mm;(2)Group of berderline oligohydramnios:50 mm≤AFI＜80 mm;(3)Group of normal amniotic fluid:80 mm≤AFI＜180 mm.All the groups weFe similar with patient's age.gravidity and parity,white blood cell count (WBC),gestational age at rupture of membrane,rates of placental abruption,neonatal jaundice,neonatal hypoglycemia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)and neonatal respiratory failure(RF;P＞0.05).Resalts (1)Group of oligohydramnios had a shorter latent period(P＜0.05)compared with other two groups;(2)Group of oligohydramnios had a hish rates of cesarean section(69%),Intra-amniotic infection(IAI,36%),fetal distress(19%),neonatal asphyxia(28%).early-onset neonatal sepsis(28%)and hypoxic-ischemic myocardial injury(56%)than those in Group of normal amniotic fluid(39%,9%,3%,8%,9%,13%;P＜0.01);(3)Logistic regression analysis showed that group of oligohydramnios wag an independent risk factor of IAI and earlyonset neonatal sepsis(P＜0.05).Conclusions Oligohydramnios after pprom is associated with the shorter latent period,as well as the increasing risks of pregnancy complications of cesarean Section,IAI,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,early-onset neonatal sepsis and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic myocardial injury.So,the amniotic fluid volume might be an important prognostic indicator to assess the outcomes of maternal and neonatal when PPROM happened.

Objective To investigate the effects of HRT on endometrium of postmenopausal women.Methods 53 cases of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding(PMB),from Jan,1995 to Dec.1999 treated by HRT were selected to make a comparison with the other 60 cases of PMB without HRT during the corresponding period.Both groups had integrated ultrasonic and pathological data and getting information from succedent inspection.Results The rates of the endometrial carcinorma incidences that happen in the HRT group were non-HRT group were 5 66% and 8 33% respectively,which had little significant.While the occurring rates of inflammation were 1 89% and 16 67% respectively,a significant difference between the both existed here.Conclusions With HRT,the various symptoms of post menopause women can be efficiently improved.It is safe and effective in short term.But a close monitoring is absolutely necessary for its long term effect(5 years or more).

Objective To investigate the clinical value of remote electronic fetal monitoring network in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP). Methods Non-stress test (NST) was carried on in 54 cases of ICP by remote electronic fetal monitoring network(study group). Fifty-four cases of ICP served as control group were monitored by fetal movement counting daily and regular NST check-up in hospital. Abnormal NST and perinatal outcome were compared between the study group and control group. Results The incidence of abnormal NST was significantly higher in the study group than that in the control group ( 36.1% vs 27.2%, P 0.05). Conclusion Remote fetal monitoring network can be used to improve perinatal outcome of ICP. It is a new method of FHR self-monitoring for ICP case.

Objective To study the anti-apoptotic effects of Levodopa on osteonecrosis of the femoral head induced by methylprednisolone (MPS).Methods Forty-four rabbits were randomly divided in to 3 groups.The model group (n=15) was injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS,10 μg/kg) and then MPS (20 mg/kg) was given 3 times with 24 h interval.The treatment group (n=1 5) was firstly treated by the same methods as the model group,then was administered Levodopa (0.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) orally after the last injection of MPS.The control group (n=14) was injected with sodium chloride alone.On the 6th and 8th week after modeling,radiography and MR images were taken in 7 rabbits of each group,specimens taken from the femoral heads were observed by HE stain and TUNEL analysis was made.Blood samples were taken for detection of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the 8th week.Results On the 6th and 8th week,the average percentage of empty osteocyte lacunae in the treatment group (13.33‰±3.06‰,25.97‰±6.29‰) was significantly lower than that of the model group (21.44‰±4.77‰,33.86‰±8.38‰,P<0.01),and the average apoptosis index in the treatment group (74.93‰±14.32‰,120.67‰±13.13‰) was significantly lower than that of the model group (102.56‰±18.96‰,202.02‰±18.99‰.,P<0.01).On the 8th week,the level of IGF-1 in the treatment group was (14.78±2.37)ng/ml,which was higher than that of the model group obviously (10.12±2.49)ng/ml(P<0.01).Conclusion The Levodopa can decrease apoptosis of osteocytes and effectively prevent the progress of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Purpose:To investigate palitaxel (Tax) induct io n of apoptosis in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells and the role of Bcl-2 phosphor ylation in the mechanism. Methods:Antiproliferation effects of Tax on Y79 cells were dete rmined by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Apoptosis of the Tax-treated cells was determined by DNA fragmentation analysis. Bcl-2 phosphorylation was determ ined by Western blot analysis. Cell transfection was used in mutant Bcl-2 trans fecting in Y79 cells. Results:After 24 hours treatment with 1 ?mol/L Tax, 3H- thymidine incorporation decreased in Y79 cells and the effects were time and dos e dependent. DNA ladder appeared in DNA fragmantation analysis after 12-24 hour s treatment with Tax. Bcl-2 Phosphorylation was significantly increased in 12- 24 hours treatment with Tax. Bcl-2, a mutant of Bcl-2, blocked Tax activation process. Conclusions:Tax inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in h uman Y79 cells, and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 might be involved in this process.

AIM: To determine the effect of intermittent hypoxia (IH) precondition on ischemic myocardium by using a rabbit model of chro nic myocardial ischemia with left anterior descending (LAD) banding. METHODS: Male, adult New Zealand white rabbits were assigned into three groups randomly. (1) normal group (N group), (2) control group (C group), (3) IH precondition group (H group). A LAD band was placed in C and H group firs t. The rabbits in H group were exposed to altitude of 5 000 m, for 6 h/day c ontin uously. According to IH precondition duration, the animals were subdivided into 7-days group (H1) and 42-days group (H2). After these experiments, the mRNA conc entrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia induced factor (HIF-1?), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the expression of VEGF p rotein were detected. Tissue sections were stained for alkaline phosphatase with indoxyl-tetrazolium method to detect capillary density. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF-1?, eNOS and expression V E GF protein were increased in H group significantly. Compared with C and N group, the capillary density in H group was increased significantly. CONCLUSION: IH precondition increases angiogenesis in chronic is chemic myocardium in rabbits.

Objective To describe and explore the practice of eye care in ICU,in order to make a specified training plan and guideline on eye care,and to improve the skill in eye care of ICU nurses. Methods A survey was conducted in 92 ICU nurses from 2 general hospitals in Huizhou city with non-random sampling using a self- made questionnaire to investigate their eye care of patients. Results The nursing practice of eye care in ICU was urged to be improved,there was no standard on eye care. Conclusions The knowledge of ICU nurses needs to be enhanced,and guideline on eye care is urged to be worked out,so that practice of eye care would be improved.