BACKGROUND: The perception evaluation of treatment can influence the patients' coping activities and psychosomatic reactions. Therefore, the medical coping mode adopted by patients is one of the most important medium factors affecting clinical treatment.OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of medical coping styles in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Questionnaire investigation was performed from January 2005 to January 2006 in Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China).PARTICIPANTS: Sixty hemodialysis outpatients and 60 renal transplant outpatients with normal graft function from Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, were enrolled into this study. All the patients had to fulfill the questionnaire investigation.METHODS: Questionnaire investigation was carried out in 60 hemodialysis patients and 60 renal transplant patients.Patients completed the questionnaires following instructions by investigators.The interview scale included variables such as gender, age education, occupation, marital status, children, family income, payment mode, influence of medical cost on family, time receiving hemodialysis and time after renal transplantation, etc. Medical coping mode questionnaire contains three subscales: Confrontation. Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation. Patients scored the questions over a range of 1 to 4 points. A higher score indicated a higher coping tendency adopted by patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All the patients were scored by each scale of Confrontation, Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation, and were compared with the norms. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between coping modes and influencing factors in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients.RESULTS: All 120 patients were involved in the result analysis. There were significant differences between hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients in medical payment modes, the influence of medical cost on family, and the time on hemodialysis/time after renal transplantation (P<0.05).The average scores of Confrontation and Acceptance-Resignation in hemodialysis patients were lower than those in renal transplant patients (P<0.05). The Avoidance scores showed no significant differences in two groups of the patients (P>0.05). The average score of Confrontation in hemodialysis patients was lower than the norm (P<0.05), and the average scores of Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation in hemodialysis patients were higher than the norms (P<0.05). The renal transplant patients exhibited similar scores of Confrontation as the norm, without significant differences (P>0.05). The average scores of Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation in renal transplant patients were higher than the norms (P<0.05). In hemodialysis patients, the score of Confrontation was correlated with the gender of patients (r=-0.277, P<0.05); the score of Acceptance-Resignation was correlated with the family income (r=-0.287, P<0.05). In renal transplant patients, the score of Confrontation was correlated with the marital status (r=0.282, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The medical coping style adopted by end-stage renal disease patients is influenced by the clinical treatment methods and psychosocial factors.Compared to the hemodialysis patients, renal transplant patients are prone to the Confrontation and Acceptance-Resignation. As for the hemodialysis patients, the score of Confrontation is correlated with the gender of patients, the score of Acceptance-Resignation is correlated with the family income.In renal transplant patients,the score of Confrontation is correlated with the marital status.

BACKGROUND: The perception evaluation of treatment can influence the patients’ coping activities and psychosomatic reactions. Therefore, the medical coping mode adopted by patients is one of the most important medium factors affecting clinical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of medical coping styles in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Questionnaire investigation was performed from January 2005 to January 2006 in Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China). PARTICIPANTS: Sixty hemodialysis outpatients and 60 renal transplant outpatients with normal graft function from Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, were enrolled into this study. All the patients had to fulfill the following criteria such as they had completed the transplantation for ≥ 3 months and their renal function were normal while enrolled, or they had been on hemodialysis for ≥ 3 months. All the patients volunteered to participate in the questionnaire investigation. METHODS: Questionnaire investigation was carried out in 60 hemodialysis patients and 60 renal transplant patients. Patients completed the questionnaires following instructions by investigators. The interview scale included variables such as gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, children, family income, payment mode, influence of medical cost on family, time receiving hemodialysis and time after renal transplantation, etc. Medical coping mode questionnaire contains three subscales: Confrontation, Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation. Patients scored the questions over a range of 1 to 4 points. A higher score indicated a higher coping tendency adopted by patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All the patients were scored by each scale of Confrontation, Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation, and were compared with the norms. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between coping modes and influencing factors in hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients. RESULTS: All 120 patients were involved in the result analysis. There were significant differences between hemodialysis patients and renal transplant patients in medical payment modes, the influence of medical cost on family, and the time on hemodialysis/time after renal transplantation (P 0.05). The average score of Confrontation in hemodialysis patients was lower than the norm (P 0.05). The average scores of Avoidance and Acceptance-Resignation in renal transplant patients were higher than the norms (P

Homoacetogens are a group of microorganisms with application potential to produce chemicals and biofuels by the bioconversion of synthesis gas. In this study, we collected waste activated sludge samples to screen homoacetogens by Hungate anaerobic technique, and studied the effect of pH on acetate and alcohol production from H2/CO2 gas. The mixed culture contained Clostridium ljungdahlii, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Bacillus cereus. Acetate concentration achieved 31.69 mmol/L when the initial pH was 7. The mixed culture containing homoacetogen could converting H2/CO2 to acetate, which provides an efficient microbial resource for the bioconversion of synthesis gas.
Acetates ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; classification ; Biofuels ; Carbon Dioxide ; Hydrogen ; Sewage ; microbiology

Objective: To establish the detemination method of bismuth subcarbonate in Weishu Powder. Methods: The samples were ignited, then bismuth subcarbonate in residue was determined by compleximetry. Results: The average recovery was 99.36?0.14%(n=9). Conclusion: This method can be used in quality control of Weishu Powder preparation.

Objective To develop self-locking cannulated compression anti-rotation blade and investigate its design characteristic and manipulation techniques. Methods Femoral neck fracture model was made by osteotomy on seven cadaver femurs and then fixed by self-locking cannulated compres-sion anti-rotation blade under fluoroscopic guidance according to designed procedures. After fixation, bio-mechanic test was performed to evaluate fixation stability. Results Cannulated self-locking compres-sion anti-rotation blade was tightly impacted in proximal femur and compression detected during the process of locking, with successful manipulation and stable fixation. Conclusion Because of advanced design characteristic and simple manipulation, self-locking cannulated compression anti-rotation blade can be a substitute for cannulated cancellous lag screw in treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of fibular hook application in the treatment of lower tib-iofibular combination injuries.Methods Clinical data 9 cases from January 2005 to December 2007 treated with ap-piication of fibular hook were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 9 cases were followed-by 6 months to 24 months and were assessed by AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale.7 cases were excellent, 1 case was nice and 1 case was good.Conclusion Operation is necessary when the ankle joint stability is affected by the lower tibiofibular combination injuries,in order to ensure the lower tibiofibular combination ligament recovery completely.

Objective To assess the efficienty of operation in humeral intercondylar fractures by section, reposition, internal fixation by composition nail and replacement of elbow joint. Methods From January, 1999 to May, 2009, Forty-six cases of the humeral intercondylar fracture were treated with operation. Thirty-eight cases were followed for 17 months. Their affected elbow joint function were evaluated by Cassebaum rating system, patients treated with total elbow replacement evaluated by Mayo elbow score, DASH score additionally. Results According to Cassebaum rating system,there were 22 cases rated as excellent,eight cases rated as good,five cases rated as poor,three case rated as poor. The fineness rate is 78. 9% (30/38). Mayo score in patients with joint replacement ranged from 75.0 - 90. 0, averaged 84. 4 ± 1.7. DASH score ranged from 25.0 to 75.0,averaged 41. 1 ±0. 8. There was 1 case of superficial soft tissue nonhealing and 2 cases of ulna nerve symptoms. Myodynamia in elbow joint bend and stretch was Ⅳ in 1 cases. Conclusion It is a good method to treat the humeral intercondylar fracture with rational use of open reduction or elbow replacement according to fracture type and patient condition.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of compound injection of Radix Hedysari on peripheral nerve regeneration in rats.

METHODSSeventy-five healthy adult SD male rats, weighing 150 g, were randomized into 5 groups (15 rats in each group). The bilateral sciatic nerves of the rats were exposed and clamped with a smooth clamp to make an injury area of 2 mm. After clamp operation Group 1 was injected with compound injection of radix Hedysari (CIRH) 1.5 ml/day, Group 2 with CIRH 1.0 ml/day, Group 3 with CIRH 0.5 ml/day, Group 4 with nerve growth factor (NGF) 50 U/day, and Group 5 was taken as the control group without any management. The bilateral sciatic nerve was taken out at 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after clamping, stained with osmic acid and observed microscopically. The myelinated nerve fibers were counted. The nerve conduction velocity was determined 2 and and 4 weeks before sample taking the sciatic nerve function index was measured 4 weeks before sample taking.

RESULTSThe results of nerve conduction velocity, the myelinated nerve fiber count and the sciatic functuion index in the CIRH treated groups were better than those in the control group. The results of the nerve conduction velocity and the myelinated nerve fiber count at 2 weeks and the nerve conduction velocity at 4 weeks in Group 1 were better than those of Group 4. Biological observation showed that degenerated and necrotic myelin sheath in CIRH treated Groups at 2 and 4 weeks decreased remarkably compared to the NGF treated group.

CONCLUSIONSCIRH can promote regeneration of peripheral nerves and absorption of degenerated and necrotic injured nerves. It has the same effect as NGF.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Nerve Crush ; Nerve Fibers ; drug effects ; physiology ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; Peripheral Nerves ; drug effects ; physiology ; Probability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds and Injuries ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

Objective To treat radial head fractures with open reduction and internal fixation, removal of the radial head and artificial joint replacement based on different fracture types to discuss the outcome of these methods and summarize optimal strategy for treatment of radial head fractures. Meth-ods A retrospective study was done on data of 47 patients with 48 radial head fractures treated in our de-partment from November 1999 to May 2008. Among them, nine patients were treated conservatively (all type Mason Ⅰ fractures), 28 treated with open reduction and internal fixation (one patient with type Ma-son Ⅰ fracture, 14 with type Mason Ⅱ and 13 with type Mason Ⅲ), eight with removal of radial head (three patients with type Mason Ⅲ fractures and five with type Ⅳ) and three with artificial joint replace-ment (all type Mason Ⅳ fractures). Results All patients were followed up for average 2.8 years (1-4.4 years). Two patients treated with artificial joint replacement were followed up for six months and three months respectively. According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index, the excellence rate was 8/9 in conservative treatment, 82% (23/28) in open reduction and internal fixation, 6/8 in removal of the radial head and 3/3 in artificial joint replacement respectively. Conclusions The radial head fracture should be given anatomical reduction for early functional exercise. Conservative treatment can be used for type Mason Ⅰ fractures, open reduction and internal fixation for type Mason Ⅱ , type Mason Ⅲ fractures and part of type Mason Ⅳ fractures. The removal of radial head or mental prosthesis replacement are al-ternative for parte of type Mason Ⅳ fractures that can not attain stable fixation through open reduction and internal fixation.

Objective To explore the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for evaluating T3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 733 patients diagnosed with T3 ESCC by preoperative EUS who were admitted to the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from January 2003 to December 2015 were collected.All the patients underwent radical resection of ESCC.The postoperative pathological stage as a gold standard,the accuracy,overstaged and understaged rates of clinical staging by preoperative EUS were assessed.Observation indicators:(1) comparison between clinical T staging evaluated by preoperative EUS and postoperative pathological T staging;(2) follow-up and survival situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect patients' diseases and postoperative survival up to December 30,2016.Overall survival time was from operation time to death or last effective follow-up.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were represented as cases and percentage.The survival curve was drawn by the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival analysis was done using the Log-rank test.Results (1) Comparison between clinical T staging evaluated by preoperative EUS and postoperative pathological T staging:all the 733 patients were confirmed as T3 ESCC by preoperative EUS.Postoperative pathological diagnosis showed that 9 patients were detected in pT1b,87 in pT2,630 in pT3 and 7 in pT4a.The accuracy,overstaged and understaged rates of preoperative EUS in evaluating T3 ESCC were 85.95％(630/733),13.10％(96/733) and 0.95％(7/733),respectively.N0,N1,N2 and N3 of postoperative pathological N stage were respectively detected in 329,247,110 and 47 patients.Twenty-seven,323 and 383 patients were in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of TNM stage,respectively.The high-,moderate-and lowdifferentiated tumors were respectively detected in 125,403 and 205 patients.(2) Follow-up and survival situations:among 733 patients,639 were followed up for 1.0-153.0 months,with a median time of 29.0 months.The median survival time,1-,3-,5-year overall survival rates were 53.0 months (range,37.7-68.3 months),85.3％,58.1％ and 48.2％ in 733 patients,respectively.The 5-year overall survival rate was 75.2％ in 9 patients with pT1b,63.0％ in 87 patients with pT2,46.3％ in 630 patients with pT3 and 0 in 7 patients with pT4a,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (x2=24.089,P＜0.05).Conclusion There is a higher accuracy of EUS for evaluating T3 ESCC,however,the stage migration should be noted.