Objective To establish an artificial reflex arc to reinnervate the nerropathic bladder and restore bladder function after spinal cord injury. It involves a somatic reflex are with a modified efferent branch which passes the somatic motor impulses to the bladder and initiate autonomic bladder detrusor contraction. Methods This is achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the right L5 ventral root to S2 ventral root in canines. After a-conal regeneration,the pateller ligament-spinal cord center-bladder new artificial bladder reflex pathway was extablished. The early and final function of the reflex are was observed by electrophysiological experiments, bladder pressure tests and detrusor electromyograms (EMG)' Surgical operation of bilateral intradural microanastomosis of the L5 ventral roots to the S2 ventral roots was done in a 20 years old male patient with upper thoracispinal paraplegia. Results Single stmuli (115 mV, 1. 0 ms) of the right L, dorsal root resulted in evoked potentials recorded from the right S2 ventral root distal to the anastomosized site in all 6 canines. In 4 canines 6 months postoperation and 48 hours after spinal cord was transected, bladder contraction was very quickly initiated by trains of stimuli (l 000 mV, 10 Hz, 2 s) of the right L5 dorsal root and bladder pressures increased rapidly to average 65% of normal compared to controls' Bladder contraction induced by knocking the right pateller ligament increased to average 51 % of controls througt the new reflex arc. In 2 canines 18 months postoperation,bladder pressures increased by the same stimuli to average 84% of controls and to average 62% of controls by knocking the pateller ligament. Stimuli (3. 8 mA, 1' 0 Hz) of the right L5 dorsal root and femoral nerve resulted in EMG recorded from the detrusor in 2 canines 18 months postoperation. The patient achieved controllable micturition by calcaneus tendon-spinal cord center-bladder new artificial bladder reflex pathway at 14 months postoperation. Micturition was very quickly initiated by passive dorsalflexion of either lateral ankle joint,and the results of bladder function was excellent at postoperation. Conclusion The somatic motor a-cons can regenerate into the parasympathetic endoneurial tubes of autonomic nerve. Using the survived somatic reflex under the horizon of spinal cord injury to reconstruct the bladder autonomic reflex arc by intradural microanasto- mosis of ventral root is successful in the first patient and have a potential of clinical application.

Objective To observe the nerve regeneration and functional recov er y in canines, in which a large gap was made in the continuity of the sciatic ner ve and the gap was repaired by acellular allograft through chemical extraction. Methods 15 canines were divided into acellular nerve allografting group (ANG, 6 canines), autografting group (AG, 6 canines) and fresh nerve allografting group (FNG, 3 canines). The sciatic nerves on the right side of all animals were expos ed and 5.0 cm long segments were removed from the mid-thigh level and replaced by one of the three types of grafts. The motor recovery was assessed by gait tes t at month 6 postoperatively. The sensory and motor conducting functions were as sessed by electrophysiological experiments. The nerve regeneration was revealed by morphological studies on the grafting segments, the distal tibial nerves and motor end-plate of the target muscle. Results All the animals in ANG and AG gro ups had similar patterns of right posterior limb gait cycle and right ankle move ments. Stimuli (1.0-2.0 mA, 0.1 ms, 1.0 Hz) to the sciatic nerves proximal to t he implanted segment resulted in motor-evoked potentials recorded from the musc ulus triceps surae. The motor conducting velocities of the grafting segments wer e on average 47.2 m/s in ANG, 60.9 m/s in AG and 122.0m/s in normal controls. St imuli (5.0-10.0 mA, 0.2 ms, 1.9 Hz) to the right distal tibial nerves resulted in sensory-evoked potentials recorded from the cortical area in all the canines in ANG and AG groups. Axons regeneration and Schwann cells migration had reoccu pied the empty basal lamina tubes of the acellular allografting segments without excessive sign of inflammation. ANG and AG had similar nerve regeneration with massive large nerve fibers in the distal tibial nerves and vast motor end-plate in the target muscle. Conclusions The patterns of functional recovery and nerve regeneration tend to be similar 6 months after implantation in the canines, in which a 5.0 cm gap in the continuity of the sciatic nerve is repaired by either chemical acellular nerve allografting or autografting.

D and the differences between groups were statistically significant(P0.05).Proliferation index increased in the early phase and reached the peak at the 4th post-operative week.Level of proliferation index in four groups was gradiently decreased from group A to group D.At the 4th post-operative week,differences of proliferation index were statistically significant between groups(P0.05).The changing trend of ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was similar to that of proliferation index.Histological observations showed inflammatory cells infiltrated in early phase gradiently decreased from group A to group D.At the 4th post-operative week,histological observations showed neovascularization in group D.At the 8 weeks post-operatively,more new bone formation was observed in group D. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between proliferation index,CD4+/CD8+ ratio at the 4th post-operative week and the content of total lipid (P

[Objective]To explore the influence of defatting procedure on osteogenicity of cancellous bone allograft.[Method]Thirty inbred Lewis rats were killed.Distal femoral metaphyses were resected as cancellous bone grafts.Grafts were randomly divided into four groups which were treated by four different procedures,respectively.Content of total lipid and total protein in grafts were measured.Twelve inbred Fisher344 rats were randomly divided into four groups according to different grouped grafts which were transplanted into femoral metaphysis bone defects of the recipients.Two different fluorochrome dyes were given subcutaneously to the recipients at 14th and 4th days before sacrifice respectively.All rats were killed at the 8th postoperative week.The experimental distal femoral metaphyses were harvested and nondecalcified sections were prepared.Sections were observed with a fluorescent microscope and bone histomorphometries were studied.The correlation analysis was performed between mineral apposition rate(MAR) and the content of total lipid.[Result]Results of measurement showed content of total lipid in four grouped grafts were different and the difference between groups were statistically significant(P

[Objective]To discuss the clinical problems of meniscal transplantation based on 2 cases clinical practical results including the harvest and preserved methods of meniscal allograft,operative procedure,rehabilitation plan and side-effect,combining with literature review,so as to provide reference for further clinical practice and research.[Method]The meniscal allograft were perfumed with arthroscopic technique on 2 patients,younger than 50 years,suffering from severe meniscus tear or defect at the time of other procedures.The initial clinical results about relieving of symptoms,recovery of functions were evaluated after short time rehabilitations.[Result]There was no operative side-injury and signs of knee instability.The incisions healed well without exudation.The knee joint swelling disappeared in 6 weeks.Rejection reaction was not observed in all of laboratory tests.The VAS were 8,6 preoperatively and 3,2 postoperatively.The processes of rehabilitation were normal.[Conclusion]Considering the difficult in maintaining severe tear meniscus and the characteristics of immune evasion of meniscus,meniscal allograft may be expectable option in the future.Very many researches have provided theoretical base.The results of long-time following-up should be further observed and wany clinical problems need to be further solved.

[Objective] To investigate the establishment of the Allograft Menisci Bank so as to provide suitable allograft meniscus for clinical study of allograft meniscus transplantation.[Method]The allograft menisci from the plentiful donors of the tissue bank were achieved and preserved with the deep-frozen technique.Clinical use of allograft menisci should be based on practical requirement of patients and the data recorded in the Menisci Bank.[Result]From 2005 to the end of 2006,an Allograft Menisci Bank was established which consisted with about 300 different-sized menisci and 14 allograft menisci were provided for clinical study.[Conclusion]Establishment of the Allograft Menisci Bank can provide a base for clinical meniscus transplantation.The short-term effects of the allograft menisci transplantation are satisfactory,but the long-term outcomes need more cases and further observation.

Objective To invcstigate the effects of Maixiansan on insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and apoptosis in rats with ulcerative colitis related colorectal cancer.Methods The rat model of ulcerative colitis-related coloreetal cancer was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane(AOM). 40 male SD rats [weight (160 ± 10) g] were randomly divided into 4 groups: model, Maixiansan and Meisalazine treatment as well as normal group peritoneally irjected with saline.The expression of IGFBP7 and apoptosis in coloreetal tissue were detected by real-time PCR and TUNEL after 16 weeks. Results The numbers of colorectal cancer in model group( 1.2 ± 0.4 ),in Maixiansan group ( 0.70 ± 0.15 ),in Meisalazine group ( 0.60 ± 0.16 )were higher than in normal control (P ＜ 0.05), but no differences were found among model,Maixiansan and Meisalazine groups(P＞0.05).The apoptosis in colonic mucosa for Meixiansan(8.70±3.47) group and Mesalazine group were enhanced as compared with that in model group( 1.20 ±0.26 vs.0.38±0.11,P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of IGFBP7 in colon for Meixiansan group were higher than those in model group,Meisalazine group,and normal control(50.5 ± 14.0 vs.18.0 ±3.9 and 39.3±11.4,46.4±6.0,P＜0.05). Conclusions Maixiansan may resist the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis-related colorectal cancer through upregulating IGFBP7 expression of colorectal tissue and promoting apoptosis of tumor cell.

BACKGROUND:Dexamethasone can improve the cellapoptosis and decrease the number of osteoblasts and bone cells through increasing the time of cellcycle. Protein kinase C is a kind of intraecellular singnal transduction pathways, and there are related reports on the relationship between protein kinase C and cellapoptosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism of dexamethasone-induced osteoblast apoptosis via protein kinase C intracellular signal transduction pathway. METHODS:Fetal rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were col ected for osteogenic induction, and the cells were divided into dexamethasone group, phorbol group and star cytochalasin group. The cells in the dexamethasone group were added with 1×10-6 mol/L dexamethasone, the cells in the phorbol group were added with 1×10-6 mol/L dexamethasone and 1×10-7 mol/L phorbol, while the cells in the star cytochalasin group were added with 1×10-6 mol/L dexamethasone and 1×10-7 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Dexamethasone could induce apoptosis significantly, and after added with mol/L star cytochalasin. The proliferation and inhibition of the cells in different intervention groups were observed, and the content of protein kinase C in the cellmembrane and cytoplasm was measured. phorbol, the apoptosis was increased significantly;while after added with star cytochalasin, the apoptosis was decreased significantly. After added with dexamethasone, the content of protein kinase C in the cytoplasm was significantly decreased, while increased in the cellmembrane. At different time points after added with dexamethasone, the change of the content of protein kinase C in the cytoplasm and cellmembrane was most significant at 30 minutes. The results indicated that mechanism of dexamethasone-induced osteoblast apoptosis was correlated with protein kinase C, and dexamethasone was the agonist of protein kinase C. After the cells were stimulated, the protein kinase C in the cytoplasm wil moved to the cellmembrane, and then the content of protein kinase C in the cytoplasm was decreased, while increased in the cellmembrane.

A Staphylococcus aureus strain, designated zfb, was isolated from a clinical bovine mastitis case of a dairy cow. Staphylococcus aureus zfb can have resistance to methicillin and no lipase contrast by ATCC 25923. The production of the capsule was assessed by the diffuse colonial morphology in serumsoft agar. A mouse infection model was used to determine the LD50 and the invasiveness of SA zfb. The LD50 of SA 25923 to experimental mice was 10-2.5/mL, and the LD50 of SA zfb to experimental mice was 10-4.33/mL. The purpose to detect characteristics of SA zfb makes it an interesting candidate for the preparation and assay of an avirulent mutants against staphylococcal infections and further investigate on pathogenic mechanism.

Objective:? -Hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus,which was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) with recombinant pET32a+-?-HL plasmid,was purified with gel filtration chromatography(GFC),and then the engineered subunit vaccine was developed. The immunity effectiveness of this vaccine was evaluated on mouse models.Method:The purified fusion protein was analyzed in SDS-PAGE,and subjected to the evaluation of its median hemolytic dose potency(HD50) was finally analyzed with rabbit erythrocyte. Protein concentration was determined by the method of Bradford. Antibody titers were evaluated on ELISA,and then challenged to gain the immunity protect index.Results:There is an expected protein band with molecular mass of 53kDa in SDS-PAGE,and the concentration is 0.1278mg/ml. The hemolysis activity is 8012.5 HU/mg. There are specific antibodies acquired in blood-serum from mice after vaccined and the antibody titers rising until it has arrive the max,then following down.Conclusion:The purified fusion protein has good fineness and hemolysis activity,the antibody titers initiated by the protein vaccine go with regulation and the immunoprotection is satisfied.