Because there are the fiber connections between striatum and substantia nigra, the striatal infarction may result in the secondary degeneration of the substantia nigra. In recent years, there have been a series of characteristics on secondary lesions of the substantia nigra, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the studies of how to detect the patients with striatal infarction in vivo. This article reviews the advances in this field.

Objective To investigate the causes and therapy of complications of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Method Totally 255 cases of HFS underwent MVD in our hospital from December 2000 to March 2000. Among the cases,207 patients were followed up for more than 1 year,the occurrence and recovery of their postoperative complications were reviewed in this study. Results In this series,no patient died;cerebrospinal fluid leakage was detected in 15 patients (7.2%) in one week after the operation;facial palsy occurred in 48 cases (23.2%);hearing deficit was shown in 20 patients (9.7%);and tinnitus was found in 12 cases (5.8%). The patients were followed up for 1 to 7.3 years with a mean of (4.2?2.7) years,during the period,none of the cases had cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracerebral infection,and the cases who had facial palsy and tinnitus recovered completely;only 10 patients remained hearing deficit (including unilateral deaf in 6) during the follow-up.Conclusion Cerebrospinal fluid leakage,facial palsy,hearing deficit,tinnitus are the major complications of MVD,among which cerebrospinal fluid leakage,facial palsy,and tinnitus can be improved after treatments,but hearing deficit is non-reversible.

Objective To explore clinical effect of surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures via modified lateral L-shaped incision.Methods From January 2005 to October 2011,133patients (143 feet) with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures,including 125 males and 8 females,aged from 19 years to 65 years (average,43.2 years),underwent open reduction and internal fixation via modified lateral L-shaped incision.There were 56 cases of left calcaneal fractures,67 cases of right calcaneal fractures,and 10 cases of bilateral calcaneal fractures,and all of them were closed fracture.According to Sanders classification,15 feet were classified as type Ⅱ,107 type Ⅲ,and 21 type Ⅳ.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale were used to access outcomes.Results One hundred and twenty five patients (135 feet) were followed up for 12 to 28 months (average,18.5months).All fractures healed after an average of 13 weeks (range,8-16 weeks).There were on nerve injury or osteomyelitis.Incision dehiscence occurred in 4 feet,which healed after removing the plate.Subtalar joint traumatic arthritis occurred in 17 feet,with walking pain.Collapse of articular surface occurred in 5 feet after weight-bearing.According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale,excellent result was got in 94 cases,good in 29 cases,fair in 14 cases,poor in 6 cases; and the excellent and good rate was 92.9％.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via modified lateral L-shaped incision for treating displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures can obtain satisfactory results,but the skilled surgical techniques are needed.

Object To study the low polarity constituents of Gastrodia elata Blume Methods The constituents were isolated by column with prepared TLC, and identified by NMR, MS spectra Results Seven compounds were isolated and identified They were p hydroxybenzyl ethyl ether (Ⅰ), ? sitosterol (Ⅱ), palmitic acid (Ⅲ), 2, 2′ methylenebis (6 tert butyl 4 methylphenl) (Ⅳ), p hydroxy benzyl methyl ether (Ⅴ), dimethyl phthalate (Ⅵ), p hydroxybenz aldehyde (Ⅶ) Conclusion Two compounds were isolated from G elata firstly, and compound Ⅳ as tetra benzol dimer is also isolated from the plants of Gastrodia R. Br. and Orchidaceae for the first time

Objective To explore the curative effect of microsurgery via posterior approach through the sigmoid sinus in the treatment of secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Clinical data of 37 cases of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor from October 2000 to July 2006 were studied, including 18 cases of cholesteatoma, 8 cases of meningoma, 6 cases of acoustic neuroma, and 5 cases of trigeminal schwannoma. All tumors were removed with microsurgery through a posterior approach by way of the sigmoid sinus. Results A total resection was achieved in 23 cases, a subtotal resection in 10 cases, and a partial resection in 4 cases. Symptoms of neuralgia disappeared in 35 cases (including 32 cases of immediate relief and 3 cases of relief 2 months after operation). There was no improvement in 2 cases. Conclusions Microsurgery via posterior approach through the sigmoid sinus in the treatment of secondary trigeminal neuralgia is safe and effective.

BACKGROUND: Compound materials have strong osteogenic ability, which reinforce the substitute materials used alone. Compound material will be commonly used to repair bone defects in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To explore the osteogenic capacity of tetracycline loaded bio-derived bone in vivo. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled observation was performed at Tissue Engineering Laboratory (State Key Laboratory) of West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University from September 2004 to January 2005. MATERIALS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=12). Rabbit models of radial middle segment defect (1.5 cm) were established. Tetracycline collagen bio-derived bone was made of fresh human bone. METHODS: The tetracycline collagen bio-derived bone was implanted into radial defects of experimental group, and collagen bio-derived bone was implanted into control group. All rabbits were executed 6 and 12 weeks after operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Osteogenic condition in all specimens was examined by X-ray and histological methods. RESULTS: Twenty-four animals were included in final analysis. ①X-ray results showed that osteotylus was seen in the whole defect area of the experimental group in postoperative 6 weeks, while only in the defect ends of the control group. In 12 weeks after surgery, new bone tissue filled all defect area of the experimental group, which was basically consistent with normal bone, even medullary canal was formed. Osteogenic images were found in the control group. ②Histological results suggested that new osteoid formation was observed in internal pore zone in the experimental group in 6 weeks, while no bone tissue was found in the control group. In 12 weeks, much woven bone was seen in the experimental group, and lamellar bone structure had formed and medullary cavity of bones had transfixed. Osteoid formation was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: Both tetracycline collagen bio-derived bone and collagen bio-derived bone can promote bone formation, but tetracycline loaded bio-derived materials show superior effect in repairing defects.

BACKGROUND: Each matrix material alone possesses the limited ability of osteogenesis, so it is a future direction of tissue engineering that apply composite materials on the repair of bone defect by enhancing osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To study the osteogenesis ability of collagen loaded bio-derived bone implanted in animals. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A random controlled animal experiment was completed in Tissue Engineering Laboratory of West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University between January and April in 2004. MATERIALS: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were adopted to prepare 1.5-cm segmental defect model at the middle part of radius. Human bone was extirpated from donators, and collagen Ⅰ was the product of Sigma Company. METHODS: Rabbit models were divided into 2 groups by randomization, experimental group and control group, with 8 rabbits in each group. The extirpated bone was made into pure bio-derived bone by means of defatting, decellularization and deproteinization. Collagen loaded bio-derived bone was established by the vacuum absorption of collagen on pure bio-derived bone. Collagen loaded bio-derived bone was implanted into the defects of experimental group, while pure bio-derived bone for the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 6 and 12 weeks after operation, all specimens were examined by X-ray and histological methods. RESULTS: The result analysis included all of 16 rabbit models. X-ray results showed that, osteotylus was seen in the whole defect area of experimental group at 12 weeks postoperatively, at this time osteogenesis was more obvious compared with 6 weeks, the bridge grafting of defect area was obviously visible. In the control group, osteotylus was only observed on two ends of the defects, no osteogenesis was found in the central part of defect area. Histological results showed that, new osteoid formation could be seen in internal porous zone of the experimental group at 6 weeks postoperatively, while in control group fibrous connective tissue filled internal porous zone and no new bone formed; at 12 weeks, much more woven bone-like tissues were visible and trabecular-like structure had formed in the experimental group, while osteoid tissue could be seen in bone defect area of control group. CONCLUSION: Both pure bio-derived bone and collagen bio-derived bone can enhance osteanagenesis, but collagen loaded bio-derived bone scaffold material is more effective.

Objective To study the high polar constituents of Gastrodia elata.Methods The constituents were isolated by macroporous resin column chromatography combined with preparative HPLC and identified by spectral analyses and physico-chemical properties comparisons.Results Ten compounds were isolated from H2O and 20% EtOH fractions eluted from resin column and their structures were identified as citric acid monoethyl ester(Ⅰ),uridine(Ⅱ),adenine(Ⅲ),dactylose A(Ⅳ),uracil(Ⅴ),tyrosine(Ⅵ),N2-(p-hydroxybenzyl) guanosine(Ⅶ),1-isoferuloyl-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅷ),4-(?-D-glucopyranosyloxy) benzaldehyde(Ⅸ),and p-hydroxyl benzoic acid(Ⅹ).Conclusion Compound Ⅶ is a new compound named gastronucleoside.Other nine compounds are isolated from G.elata for the first time.

Objective To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Methods By using the clinical epidemiological study methods, the clinical epidemiological characteristics of GIST in Shanxi province from 2000 to 2005 were investigated and analyzed. Results A total of 181 cases of GIST was found from January 2000 to December 2005. The new cases increased every year, and all of them belonged to the Han nationality. There was no statistical significance between the two sexes. The ages were between 18 to 80 years, and the median age was 57 years. The disease incidence increased along with the increase of age. More cases were found in Taiyuan, Changzhi and Jinzhong city, and most of them lived in the downtown area. GIST may occur in any part of the digestive tract, and the predilection sites were stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and esophagus. 76.83 % of them were in the gastrointestinal tract, the other 23.17 % were not. The commonest symptoms and physical signs were dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominalgia, abdominal distension, abdominal mass and magersucht. As to the histological types, 70.30 % were spindle cell type, 12.10 % were epithelial cell type, and 17.60 % were mixed cell type. As to the karyokinesis, 49.50 %≤5, 36.30 % was 6~10, and 14.30 %≥10. The immunological expression was as follows: CD117 was 80.20 %, CD34 was 67 %, and no positive expression was found on MCK. Conclusions GIST is a rare tumor, and was sporadic in the populations. The clinical incidence of GIST showed a tendency of gradual increase.

Objective To study the mutation of papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 gene, and to compare with the result of other researchers. Methods DNA was extracted from cervical cancer tissue sam-pies, then HPV16 E6 genes were amplified and sequenced using the HPV16 E6 specific primers from cervi-cal cancer DNA samples. Results HPV16 E6 gene mutations at the position of nt178 were found in 18 case from 35 cervical cancer samples, the mutation rate was 51.43%, resulting in nucleotide change of Asp to Glu. E6 mutations are found at the position of nt442 in 4 cervical samples. E6 mutation was found in 1 to 2 case in other nucleotide. Conclusion High frequency mutations of E6 gene of HPV16 at the position of nt178, nt442 have been found in cervical cancer samples in Hubei, China. The role of E6 gene mutation in cervical cancer development should be studied further.