[Objective] To determine the effect of Schistosoma japonicum infection on the testoterone level in the sera from male C57BL/6 mice. [Methods] Radioimmunoassay was used to examine testosterone levels in sera of 9 male mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma japonicum. [Results] The serum testosterone levels reduced significantly in all experimentally infected animals 45 days after infection, as compared with the uninfected controls. [Conclusion] Infection with Schistosoma japonicum decreases testosterone levels in the mouse host.

OBJECTIVE To study the expressions and significance of Fas/APO-1 protein and caspase-3 in human middle ear cholesteatoma and to investigate the relationship between their expressions and the apoptosis of cholesteatoma. METHODS The specimens from the middle ear cholesteatoma tissue of 20 cases and external ear skin of 10 cases were examined by immunohistochemical SP method and TUNEL method. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the expressions of Fas/APO-1 and caspase-3 positive cells between choleseatoma epithelium and normal external ear canal skin(P

Objective To understand endemic diversity on schistosomiasis transmission after reserving plain for flooding. Methods In two study pilots, Jicheng and Qingshanhu, epidemiological factors were investigated longitudinally, and the effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated. Results The infection rates of mobile people who engaged in activities in the discarded plain were increased year by year. The density of infected snails was high. The snail habitats increased significantly in Jicheng, but decreased in Qingshanhu. The infection rate and number of livestock pastured in the discarded plain increased. In the discarded plain, most of the mobile people came from the local areas, and main activities for water contact were fishing and pasturing. About 90% of local residents migrated into endemic areas, and the others into non-endemic areas. Conclusions The discarded plains were evolving to a serious transmission zone of schistosomiasis. Interventions combined with agriculture and fisher productions can decrease snail-spreading. Schistosomiasis examination and chemotherapy for the migrants to non-endemic areas are vital.

Objective To compare the efficacy of supraclavicular approach and infraclavicular approach in ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block(BPB).Methods One hundred and twenty patients,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ,aged 18-80 yr,scheduled for upper extremity surgeries of both gender,were randomized into two groups(n =60):supraclavicular group(group SCB)and infraclavicular group(group ICB).The anesthetic mixture consisted of ropivacaine 0.375％ and lidocaine 1％ in equal volumes with epinephrine 1∶200 000,the total dose was 0.5 ml/kg.The block performance time,duration of anesthesia and success of anesthesia(surgery was accomplished without supplementary block)were recorded.A blinded observer assessed pinprick sensory block in the seven distal nerve territories(axillary,radial,musculocutaneous,median,ulnar,medial antebrachial and medial brachial cutaneous nerves)every 5 min up to 30 min after injection.Success of nerve block,side effects and complications were recorded during and after operalion.Results Group ICB was superior in success rate of anesthesia and nerve block of ulnar,medial antebrachial and medial brachial cutaneous nerves,the rate of parasthesia was lower and the block performance time was longer compared with group SCB(P ＜ 0.05).No major complications occurred in both groups.Conclusion Under ultrasound guidance,infraclavicular BPB is superior to supraclavicular approach.

BACKGROUND: Navigation systems all can improve the accuracy rate in cervical pedicle screw insertion, but cannot achieve desired outcomes because of some shortcomings, such as poor imaging quality, complicated operation, poor real-time performance, and invasive navigation.OBJECTIVE: To study the accuracy of X-ray fluoroscopy and CT three-dimensional image navigation in cervical pedicle screw insertion.METHODS: Totally 90 patients undergoing cervical pedicle screw insertion from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College were enrolled, and randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n=45 per group). 132 cervical pedicle screws were inserted into the patients in the control group manually under X-ray fluoroscopy, and 128 ones were inserted into the patients in the experimental group assisted with CT three-dimensional image navigation. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the two groups were recorded. Postoperative CT three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to compare the placement accuracy between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The excellent and good rate of placement in the experimental group (95.3%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.6%, P < 0.05). (2) The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the navigation matching time and radiant quantity in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The Japanese Orthopedic Association scores showed no significant difference between two groups before surgery (P > 0.05),and were significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (7% versus 16%, P < 0.05). (5) These results suggest that compared with X-ray fluoroscopy, CT three-dimensional image navigation can improve the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw insertion, showing higher safety and precision. However, it needs complicated operation skills, and long operation time results in massive intraoperative blood loss; thereafter, choosing which placement method depends on the patient condition.

BACKGROUND:Proximal humeral fracture fixation can provide a more stable fixation, has a stronger biomechanical stability, but open reduction and fixation wil cause extensive soft tissue dissection and heavy damage to the rotator cuff. Closed wear nail has a high failure rate of fixation, fracture re-displacement and other defects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the technical methods of applying closed reduction, percutaneous pinning anatomical external fixation in repair of proximal humeral fracture, and to analyze the application characteristics and safety in different types of proximal humerus fractures. METHODS:Based on the special anatomical structure of proximal humerus, a shoulder external fixator has been independently researched and developed by author. The clinical data of 23 patients treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning anatomical external fixation (homemade) because of proximal humerus fracture at the Department of Traumatology, Tianjin Hospital during March 2010 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. In accordance with Neer classification type, there were 19 cases of 2-part fractures of the humerus, 4 cases of 3-parts fractures of the humerus, with greater tuberosity avulsion fractures, which were al fresh fractures and were treated with closed reduction pinning and external fixation. Regular fol ow-up was conducted after treatment. Radiographic assessment, pain and function evaluation were conducted during fol ow-up, so as to work out the functional recovery, determine the final repair result. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for 6-24 months. Total y 23 patients initial y healed in fracture within 8 weeks. After treatment, visual analogue pain score of patients was 0.8 points. In the final fol ow-up, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Association of shoulder function scoring system (ASES) score was an average of (91.7±2.6) points, Constant shoulder function score was an average of (88.3±4.7) points, the University of California (UCLA) shoulder joint scoring system score was (31.9±3.1) points, simple shoulder test (SST) system score was an average of (9.6±2.4) points. The shoulder function assessment (UCLA score) of these 12 patients was excel ent, of 9 cases was good, and of 2 cases was poor. The excel ent rate reached 91%after treatment. These results suggest that the application of closed reduction, percutaneous nailing anatomical external fixation in repair of proximal humerus fractures has the features of stable fixation, and smal damage of soft tissue. Standardizing the angle of closed nailing and entrance point, fixing from the intersection of three planes in arcuate-shape and connecting with external fixation can achieve a more stable fixed effects.

Objective The purpose of the study is to understand the epidemiology,distribution and molecular characteristics of oxacillin susceptible mecA positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus).Methods Totally 1588 S.aureus isolates collected from 12 hospitals in 10 cities of China between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively characterized.The isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility test of 20antimicrobial drugs.Three different methods (cefoxitin disc diffusion,agar dilution for oxacillin and cefoxitin) to detect oxacillin susceptible and mecA positive S.aureus were also compared.All the strains were confirmed to be S.aureus by detecting S.aureus specific genes by PCR (including nuc,femB,and mecA gene),which was viewed as the golden standard of MRSA.The molecular typing methods included SCCmec and spa typing.The statistical analyses were carried out in statistical product and service solutions (SPSS),Version 18.0.The significance level P was set at 0.05.Results According to the MICs of cefoxitin and oxacillin,a total of 60 isolates were oxacillin susceptible methicilin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Based on the differences of the specimen collection date,it is found that oxacillin susceptible MRSA have increased from 2010 to 2012 (P =0.05,95％ CI 0.045-0.056,X2 =6.099).These isolates were distributed in 9 major cities,and the highest prevalence is 30.0％ (18/60) in Guangzhou,followed by Beijing (18.3％,11/60),Wuhan (15.0％,9/60),Hangzhou (13.3％,8/60).Most of the isolates were from skin soft tissue infection (35％,21/60),blood stream infection (30％,18/60) and respiratory infection specimens (18.3％,11/60).The resistance rate to cefoxitin,erythromycin,clindamycin and tetracycline was 100％ (60/60),86.7％ (52/60),66.7％ (40/60) and 50％ (30/60),respectively.The molecular characterization showed that 21 spa and 5 SCCmec types were detected.The most predominant clone was spa t437-SCCmec Ⅳ (25.0％,15/60),followed by spa t437-SCCmecV (13.3％,8/60).Conclusions The detection rate of oxacillin susceptible MRSA is significantly higher from 2010 to 2012.The major clone is t437-SCCmec Ⅳ.The use of cefoxitin should replace oxacillin in detecting this type of MRSA.Further study is needed to confirm whether beta lactam antimicrobial agents should be used in the treatment of oxacillin susceptible mecA positive S.aureus.

Objective:To investigate the expression level of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and the correlation between PKM2 expression level and radiation sensitivity. Methods:A total of 45 NSCLC pa-tients were chosen and treated with radiotherapy for two months after surgery. The patients were classified into four groups based on the curative effect. The mRNA expression levels of PKM2 in tumor and the homologous paraneoplastic tissues of NSCLC patients were de-tected prior to radiotherapy using real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the protein expressions of PKM2 in the tumor and paraneoplastic tissues of NSCLC patients were detected with Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical method. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PKM2 in the tumor tissues of different groups were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot assays. Re-sults:The effective rate of radiotherapy for 2 months is 44.8%in NSCLC patients. The expression level of PKM2 is significantly high-er in tumor tissues than in homologous paraneoplastic tissues of NSCLC patients and is negatively correlated with the curative effect of radiotherapy. Conclusion:The expression level of PKM2 is significantly higher in tumor tissues than in the paraneoplastic tissues of NSCLC patients. Patients with lower PKM2 expression level are more sensitive to radiotherapy.

Objective To understand the morbidity of schistosomiasis japonica and health status of the liver and spleen of residents in a village and to evaluate the application of ultrasound on schistosomiasis epidemiology. Methods A total of 454 residents aged 5-65 years were examined by methods of Kato-Katz and ultrasound as well as disease history inquiry. Results The positive rate was 9.38% by stool examination, with no significant difference between males and females. The intensity of the infection among population was 5.70 eggs per gram of stool (EPG), with significant difference between males and females. The stool positive rate and EPG in farmers and students were the highest. Among 10.66% of the males and 8.10% of the females, as well as in 23.81% of the stool positive and 8.31% of the stool negative, the parenchyma of the liver was abnormal(≥GradeⅡ),with significant difference between males and females and between the stool positive and the stool negative. The abnormal rate of liver parenchyma went up with the age. Conclusion Ultrasound can evaluate the health status of inhabitants with schistosomiasis japonica and improve the compliance rate of residents to praziquantel chemotherapy.

Aim To investigate the reversal effect of GP on the activity of P-gp in MDR-associated tumor cells and to develop a useful approach to inhibit the drug efflux in MDR-associated tumor cells.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the effect of GP on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin(DDP),vincristine(VCR) and doxorubicin(DOX).Flow cytometry was used to determine the influence of GP on the intracellular accumulation of DOX.Results GP synergistically increased the cytotoxity and the intracellular accumulation of DOX in K562/DOX cells;GP also increased the cytotoxity of DDP,DOX,and VCR in A549/DOX cells.However,the effect was relatively weak.Conclusion GP could increased the cytotoxity and the intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in MDR-associated tumor cells.GP may be a promising MDR modulator.