Objective To analyse the changes of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in rat retina under acute high ocular pressure and study the effect of nitric oxide in rat retinal damage under hypertension. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups:Ocular hypertension 30 min,60 min,90 min and 12 h,24 h after reperfusion.Elevation of the ocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the rat eye caused retina ischemic damage.The changes of retinal nitric oxide content were observed indirectly by measuring NO 2 -/NO 3 - content in retina.The distribution and changes of neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS)were studied by immunocytochemical localization of ncNOS. Results ncNOS positive neurons were distributed in the inner nuclear layer (INL),ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer of the normal and ischemic rat retina.During acute high IOP 30 min,60 min and 90 min,NO content decreased gradually and ncNOS immune activity weakens.During reperfusion,NO content increased remarkably (P

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and clinical outcome of standard large trauma craniotomy in the treatment of acute subdural hematoma.Methods The clinical data of 51 cases with acute subdural hematoma,who underwent standard large trauma craniotomy in recent 5 years in our department,were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the patients were followed up for 3 ～ 6 months.10 cases were dead,4 persistent vegetative status,severe disability in 6 cases,midrange disability occurred in 11 cases and 20 cases were good.Postoperative complications included tardive haematoma in 4 cases,traumatic cerebral infarction in 2 cases,subdural collection of fluid in 4 cases,cerebromalacia in depressor area in 2 cases,hydrocephalus in 2 cases,and traumatic epilepsy in 3 cases.Conclusion Standard large trauma craniotomy is an effective approach in the treatment of acute subdural hematoma,due to its advantages such as satisfactory exposure for haemostasis,rapid removal of haematoma and relief of acute intracranial hypertension.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of oral administration and external application of Yanyuxiao on acute traumatic synovitis of knee joint. Methods Totally 86 patients with acute traumatic synovitis of knee joint were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 43 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups were treated with conventional western medicine. Patients in the control group orally took diclofenac sodium at the same time, while patients in the treatment group received oral administration and external application of Yanyuxiao Formula for 2 weeks. The scores of pain, swelling and function of knee joint and the levels interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of joint fluid before and after the treatment were observed. The efficacy and the recurrence rate in three months after treatment were compared. Results The scores of pain, swelling and function of knee joint of the two groups significantly decreased after treatment, and the scores of pain, swelling and function of knee joint of the treatment group in one and two weeks were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of synovial fluid IL-6 and TNF-α of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group after two-week treatment (P<0.01); the total effective rate was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The recurrence rate of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group after discharged for 3 months (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during the treatment period. Conclusion Oral administration and external application of Yanyuxiao Formula has definite efficacy for acute traumatic synovitis of knee joint, with good safety.

Objective To investigate dietary fat intake and fatty acid composition in Qingdao residents.Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select 189 adults (53 males and 136 females) between March and to July 2010.The food intake habit and the relationship between nutrient,fat,fatty acid composition and serum lipid concentrations were analyzed.Results Per capita intake of cereal was 200 g,potato 26 g,poultry meat and offal 85 g,seafood 73 g,nuts 23 g,and oils 40 g.Protein accounted for 16％ of total calorie intake,carbohydrate 48％,and fat 37％.Oils accounted for 43％ of fat intake,and nuts 11％.High fat intake was mainly contributed to intake of oils and nuts.Those with dyslipidemia showed higher nutritent intake and body mass index.ConclusionQingdao residents show higher dietary fat intake and lower long-chainω-3 (n-3) PUFAs consumption.Long-chain n-3 PUFAs may be negatively correlated with dyslipidemia.

Objective To explore the impact of total parathyroidectomy(tPTX)on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV)in hemodialysis patients. Methods A total of 35 patients undergoing hemodialysis with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism and treated with tPTX were studied. Before tPTX and 1 year after the oper-ation,cfPWVwas measured and hepatic and renal function,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,intact parathyroid hormone and hemoglobin were measured. The impact of tPTX on cfPWV in hemodialysis patients was analyzed. Results Serum calcium,serum phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone decreased(P < 0.01),while hemo-globin and serum albumin increased(P < 0.01)and cfPWV decreased 1 year after the operation,which showed statistical significance(P<0.01). The cfPWV of the patients with tPTX was still higher than that of healthy indi-viduals(P<0.01). Conclusion tPTX can effectively reduce cfPWV in hemodialysis patients with refractory sec-ondary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective To observe the treatment effect of Shah Mette Lo/fluticasone inhalation(Seretide)for stable stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods 50 patients with COPD were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The treatment group was given Seretide (specifications of 250μg)1 -2 ceiling/time,2 times/day,after 24 weeks of treatment,the control group was given 2mg of regular salbutamol com-bined with budesonide 1mg atomization inhalation,2 times daily.The clinical symptoms were compared before and aftertreatment.Results In the treatment group,acute seizure frequency was significantly reduced,cough,wheezing singing decreased or disappeared,self -care ability improved,the control group had no obvious change.The control group:before treatment FEV1 (1.1 ±0.4)L;FEV1 % predicted value(22.5 ±5.1 )%;FEV1 /FVC%:(25.3 ±5.8)%;after treatment FEV1 (1.5 ±0.7)L;FEV1 % predicted value(29.4 ±6.2)%;FEV1 /FVC%:(32.8 ±6.6)%.The treatment group:before treatment FEV1 (1.1 ±0.6)L;FEV1 % predicted value (24.5 ±5.6)%;FEV1 /FVC%:(26.7 ±6.6)%;after treatment FEV1 (1.7 ±0.6)L;FEV1 % predicted value(33.4 ±7.8)%;FEV1 /FVC%:(37.8 ± 8.6)%.Conclusion In patients with stable COPD inhaled Seretide treatment can significantly improve lung func-tion,and it is better than sardine an alcohol combined with budesonide inhalation therapy.

Objective To analyze the genotype and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.Method A total of 201 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 14hospitals in 11 cities.The MICs of 14 antimicrobial drugs were detected using agar dilution method.Phenotypes of carbapenemases were screened using modified Hodge test and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) test.Drug resistance genes were screened using PCR method.The strains carrying carbapenem resistance genes were confirmed by conjugation test.Homology analysis was carried out using pulsed-field gel electro-phoresis (PFGE) method and the epidemiological correlation is analyzed based on the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method in order to study the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.Results Fifty-three strains among 201 carbapenem-insensitive Enterobacteriaceae were detected positive carbapenem-resistant genes,among which included 33 Klebsiella pneumoniae,9 Citrobacter freundii,6 Escherichia coli and 5 Enterobacter cloacae.Among the 53 strains,43 were from Beijing,6 strains from Hangzhou,3 strains from Nanjing and one from Fuzhou.Resistance genes-harboring plasmids were successfully transferred from 28 of 53 strains to Escherichia coli EC600.The PFGE spectmm showed that 33 Klebsiella pneumoniae were classified into three types,9 Citrobacterfreundii classified into four types,5 Enterobacter cloacae classified into four types,while 6 Escherichia coli were the same type.Based on the results of MLST test,29 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing KPC-2 type carbapenemase were all ST11,while among the four Klebsiella pneumonia carrying IMP-4 carbapenem resistant gene,three strains were ST876,one was ST147.Conclusions Carbapenem-resistant genes were detected only in hospitals from Beijing,Hangzhou,Nanjing and Fuzhou,and type KPC-2 was the most common,followed by IMP-4 and IMP-8.High homology of resistant strains could be related to horizontal transfer of carbapenemase genes,which should cause great concern.

Objective To observe the effects of nAChR antagonistα-conotoxin Eb1.6 on ther-mal pain threshold and spinal IL-1βexpression levels and astrocytes activation in rats using L5 spinal nerve transaction (SNT)model.Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with each group 10 rats:sham group,different doses of α-CTX Eb1.6 (0.1 5,1.5 and 1 5 nmol/kg)groups and the saline group after SNT.Saline solution or different doses of Eb1.6 were intraperitoneally injected seven days after the surgery when the model was stable and the treatment continued for seven days.Measured the TWLs of all groups of the rats 1,2,4,7,12 hours after the in-jection on 7 d and 13 d.The rats were sacrificed and L5 spinal cord tissues were collected immediately after the behavioral tests on 13 d.The expression of GFAP and IL-1βwere assessed by Western blot assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)separately.Results Groups E1,E2,E3 and C had shorter TWL before the injection on 7 d and 13 d than group N(P <0.05).The TWLs of the rats in groups E1,E2 and E3 of 1 h,2 h and 4 h after the injection on 7 d were significantly higher than that before the injection(P <0.05)with 2 h after the injection showed the most obvious change.The TWL of 1 h,2 h,4 h and 7 h after the injection of the rats in group E1,E2 and E3 and those of 12 h after the injection of the rats in group E2 and E3 on 13 d were significantly higher than that before the injection(P <0.05 )and also higher than TWL of the respective time points on 7 d(P < 0.05 ),also with 2 h after the injection showed the most obvious change.The TWLs of 2 h after the injection a-mong group E1,E2 and E3 showed significant differences both on 7 d and 13 d (P <0.05).Rats spi-nal IL-1βand GFAP expression levels of group E1,E2,E3 and C were significantly higher than those of group N(P <0.05).Rats spinal IL-1β and GFAP expression levels of groups E1,E2,E3 signifi-cantly decreased compared with group C(P <0.05).There were significant differences among the spi-nal IL-1βand GFAP expression levels of group E1,E2 and E3(P <0.05).Conclusion Eb1.6 dose-de-pendently reduced the thermal hyperalgesia induced by L5 spinal nerve transection.Repeated treat-ment of Eb1.6 could produce better analgesic effect,which might be partly attribute to the inhibition of spinal IL-βlevels and astrocytes activation.

A Staphylococcus aureus strain, designated zfb, was isolated from a clinical bovine mastitis case of a dairy cow. Staphylococcus aureus zfb can have resistance to methicillin and no lipase contrast by ATCC 25923. The production of the capsule was assessed by the diffuse colonial morphology in serumsoft agar. A mouse infection model was used to determine the LD50 and the invasiveness of SA zfb. The LD50 of SA 25923 to experimental mice was 10-2.5/mL, and the LD50 of SA zfb to experimental mice was 10-4.33/mL. The purpose to detect characteristics of SA zfb makes it an interesting candidate for the preparation and assay of an avirulent mutants against staphylococcal infections and further investigate on pathogenic mechanism.