Objective To determine the median effective plasma concentration of remifentanil (EC50) inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation and skin incision when combined with propofol in patients of Uighur nationality.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ Uighurs aged 20-60 yr with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2 undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol infusion.BIS value was maintained at 40-50.TCI of remifentanil was then started.The initial target plasma concentration (Cp) was 6.0 ng/ml.EC50 of remifentanil was determined by modified Dixon' s upand-down sequential experiment.Each time Cp increased/decreased by 0.5 ng/ml.Tracheal intubation was facili.tated with cisatracurium 0.2 mg/kg at 2 min after a new Cp was set when target effect-site concentration (Ce) was balanced with Cp.Positive cardiovascular response was defined as increase in SBP by 15％ and/or HR ＞ 90 bpm lasting＞15 s.The EC50 (95％ confidence interval) of remifentanil blunting responses to tracheal intubation and skin incision was calculated.Results EC50 (95 ％ confidence interval) of remifentanil inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation and skin incision when combined with propofol was 3.4 (2.3-4.5) ng/ml and 3.8 (2.8-4.9) ng/ml respectively.Conclusion When depth of anesthesia was maintained at BIS value 40-50 with propofol infusion,the EC50 of remifentanil inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation and skin incision is 3.4 and 3.8 ng/ml respectively.

AIM: To investigate the relationships between I?1 hs1,2 VNTR polymorphism and IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Four hundred and ninteen patients with IgA nephropathy and their first-degree relatives were recruited. Two hundred and one sex and age-matched normal Chinese Han volunteers were also recruited as controls. After extracting genomic DNA, the VNTR genotypes of I?1 hs1,2 region were determined by PCR and electrophoresis, and the results were analyzed by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and haplotype relative risk (HRR) in the families, and Chi-Square test in the case-control analysis. RESULTS: ① TDT analyses showed that B allele of the I?1 hs1,2 VNTR region was significantly more transmitted from heterozygous parents to patients than expected (101 Trios, ?2=6.818, P

Objective: To understand the situation of varicella prevalence and vaccination of susceptible population in Longhua District，and to provide reference for the varicella immunization program. Methods: A total of 23 706 children from 30 childcare facilities and primary schools in 6 streets were randomly selected throughout the Longhua District. Date on age, grade, recent year and dosage of vaccination, varicella incidence, the overview of vaccination were collected and analyzed. Results: The rate of vaccination in childcare facilities and primary schools was 86.01%, including 55.61% of 1 dose and 30.41% of 2 doses of vaccine. The differences of rate vaccination rate between the childcare facilities and primary schools had statistical significance(χ2=154.95, P<0.05).Rate of no-vaccination,1 dose vaccination and 2 doses vaccination across 6 streets differed significantly(χ2=146.09, 103.93, 127.31, 146.09, P<0.05). There was an increasing positive association between grades and attack rate(χ2=8.65，P<0.05). The differences of attack rate between the childcare facilities and primary schools was of statistical significance(χ2=478.69, P<0.05). The differences of attack rate in street of no vaccination,1 dose vaccination and total attack rate showed statistical significance(χ2=54.49, 74.59, 151.49，P<0.05). There was an increasing linear trend of attack rate of primary school childrenby each year(χ2=24.28，P<0.05). The attack rate increased with time after 1 dose vaccination, immune protection was obtuined for a longer period time after additional doses of vaccine.Negative association was found between grades and protective efficacy rate of varicella. The protective rate and efficacy index of different doses of vaccine in different grades were correlated(r=0.80，0.63，P<0.05). It was most effective after 1 dose vaccination among children in junior grade in kindergarten and 2 dose vaccination in senior grade. Conclusion After the implementation of vaccination program in Longhua District, the vaccination rate of 2 doses significantly increased, but not for a long time. Varicella vaccine should be included in immunization programme to protect vulnerable populations.