Objective To compare the influence of two different managements of relief incision (exposed relaxation therapy or absorbable hemostatic gauze) in infants' palatoplasty. Methods A total of 118 infants with cleft palate between 5- to 8-month-old for the study were randomly divided into two groups: group A was exposed therapy group, and in group B both sides of relief incision were placed absorbable hemostatic gauze. The wound bleeding, body temperature, diet and incidence of fistula were observed and analyzed after operation. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative temperature, diet and wound healing (P>0. 05). The postoperative wound bleeding was statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0. 05). Conclusions Either exposed therapy or placed absorbable hemostatic gauze in relief incision, has minimal systemic and local reactions in the postoperative infant. The advantages of exposed treatment are economic and simple, and less irritant to the wound.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antagonistic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. METHODS: 54 patients underwent renal transplantation were divided into 3 groups according to dosage of salvia miltiorrhiza: CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group, CsA+loe-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group (trial group) and CsA control group (control group). Plasma concentration of CsA, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun), 24 h urines and 24 h urinary protein were recorded. The parameters of morphology and hemodynamics were compared among 3 groups. The differences of index among 3 groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The level of Scr, Bun and 24 h urinary protein in CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group were decreased significantly while 24 h urines was increased, compared with other 2 groups. There was significant difference among 3 groups (P0.05). The intrarenal blood flow and renal arterial resistance index were increased significantly in CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group. CONCLUSION: High-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with CsA can reduce the CsA-induced nephrotoxicity perfently.

The rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal motility is the key factor to accelerate the recovery of patients. The recovery of gastrointestinal motility is often affected by various factors, such as anesthesia and operation. The present study shows that the inhibition of stress response caused by acute pain can improve the recovery of gastrointestinal motility. Howeve, the effects of perioperative intravenous analgesics on gastrointestinal motility are not consistent. So we reviewed the effects of different intravenous analgesics on gastrointestinal motility.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of central fatigue is unclear at present.The cumulation of lactic acid can play an important role in the central fatigue. Whether lactic acid can affect the neuronal functions, leading to the fatigue, needs to be examined.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lactic acid on the survival rate of primary neurons cultured from neonate rat cortex.DESIGN: Single sample observation SETTING: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science MATERIALS: Totally 40 Wistar neonate rats (within one day) provided by Experimental Animal Center of Academe of Military Medical Science were used in this study.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science from October 2003 to May 2004. Primary neurons in added , and the pH value was decreased to 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00,acid was added , and the pH value was kept at 7.35 , then the survival rate of neurons were observed. We analyzed the effect of lactic acid on neuron whether through down regulating pH value or the role of lactic acid.different concentrations of lactic acid and the same pH value on viability regulating pH value and lactic acid on neuron.pH. When PH values were 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00, the survival rate of concentrations of lactic acid were 0,5,10 and 20 mmol/L,pH value was constantly kept at 7.35. Viabilities of neurons were 100%, 88%, 82%,81%, respectively, with significant difference as compared with control was significan tly lower than that of corresponding lactic acid group.CONCLUSION: A close relationship exists between pH decrease induced by lactic acid and viability of neurons. Excess lactic acid can have a toxic effect on neurons independently of t on the changes in levels of pH.

Objective It has been shown that ketamine and magnesium used in combination provide more effective analgesia than either drug alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and interaction of the two drugs on recombinantly expressed NMDA receptors. Methods Xenopus oocytes expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B glutamate receptors were stimulated with glutamate/glycine and studied at a holding potential of -70mV using two electrode voltage clamp. The effects of magnesium and s ( + )-ketamine alone or in combination on NMDA signaling were determined. Results Magnesium and s( + )-ketamine alone inhibited NMDA receptors non-competitively. IC50s of magnesium were (4.2 ± 1.2)×10-4mol/L and (6.3 ± 2.4) × 10-4 mol/L on NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B, while IC50s of s( + )-ketamine on NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B were (4.1 ± 2.5) × 10-6 mol/L and (3.0 ± 0.3 ) × 10-6 mol/Lrespectively. Magnesium and s( + )-ketamine used in combination decreased IC50s more than 90% at both receptors. Isobolographic analysis demonstrated superadditive interactions. Conclusions s( + )-ketarnine and magnesium inhibit responses of recombinantly expressed NMDA recptors non-competitively, and the combinations of the two drugs produces a synergistic effect.

A novel method for assaying the enzymatic activity of ribosome-inactivating proteins(RIPs) has been developed.The principle of the method is based on that RIP can remove some adenine bases from double-stranded supercoiled DNA molecules,subsequently,the deadenylated DNA was cleaved into nicked and linear form.After treatment with acidic aniline,the deadenylated DNA was degraded into many small fragments,and run out of the gel.The enzymatic activities of two RIPs(trichosanthin and cinnamomin) were tested using this method,the limit of sensitivity is about 50 ng(trichosanthin) and 5 ng(reduced cinnamomin) .It should be emphasized that the merit of this method is to avoid the preparation of ribosome.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis,which result in various reasons,plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration. One of important reasons for apoptosis is oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE:To investigate effects and mechanism of hydrogen-peroxide(H2O2) on nucleus pulposus cell injury induced by oxidative stress at intracellular signal transduction level in rats. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A single sample observation was performed at the institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics of Shandong Province from March to October in 2008. MATERIALS:The specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580,the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology;Two 24-hour-old SD rats of SPF degree were purchased from Qingdao Institute for Drug Control. METHODS:The primary cultured nucleus pulposus cells were divided into four groups:the H2O2 group,stimulated by H2O2 with concentrations of 0,50,100,200,400,and 800 ?mol/L;Control group;SB203580+H2O2 group:cells were preincubated with SB203580,and then were treated by stimulated by H2O2;SP600125+H2O2 group,cells were preincubated with SP600125,followed by stimulated by H2O2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The expression and cellular localization of P-p38MAPK and P-JNK was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of total and phosphorylated SAPK/JNK,p38MAPK were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS:H2O2 could activate the activity of P38 and JNK. The expression of P38MAPK was significantly inhibited with the pretreatment of SB203580;however,the SP600125 could inhibit the expression of JNK. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that P-p38MAPK and P-JNK were expressed and distributed mainly in cytoplasmic and nuclear exception of the control group. CONCLUSIONS:Apoptosis of rat nucleus pulposus cells are induced by oxidative stress via p38MAPK and JNK signal pathway.

Objective In order to investigate the changes of glycogen and lactate in cortex after exercise-induced central system fatigue. Methods Central fatigue model was established according to Bedford weight/maximal oxygen uptake equation. The rats were divided into three groups: control group (C), sedentary-exhausted group (SE), and overtraining group (O). Results After 1 week exercise, compared with control group, the weight of rats in SE and O group increased slowly. BUN of SE and O group increased significantly to 4.78?1.99 mmol/L and 8.48 ?0.92 mmol/L respectively,but Hb showed no changes. Compared with C group, both DA and DA/5-HT of O group decreased dynamical which were 309.04?63.68 ng/ml?g and 0.42?0.25 respectively. The latency of SEP in O group distinctly delayed, P1: 2.98?0.55ms, N1: 4.23?0.35ms, P2: 5.28?0.60ms. Regarding to 5-HT, no significant difference was found among all groups. Cortex lactate concentration of O (1.46mg/100g )and SE(1.12 mg/100g) group were significantly higher than control group(0.92 mg/100g). There was a tendency of glycogen decrease but had no significant difference among all groups. Conclusion The results suggested that lactate and glycogen might have close relationship with central fatigue and were the possible reasons to cause central fatigue.

Objectives: To study the clinical meaning of condyle-form asymmetry and its osseous changes shown on TMJ images of lateral oblique transcranial projection and lateral tomography. Methods: 113 patients with partial posterior teeth lose were enroled in the study.Among them 25 were with temporomandibular disorder (TMD group),39 with slight TMD sings (sub-TMD group) and 45 without TMD(TMD-free group). Radiographs were taken and studied for each patient. Results: It was found that the condyle form asymmetry and osseous changes were not significantly different among the three groups. Osseous change was related to the number of teeth-lose (P0.05). The symptoms and signs of TMD had close relationship with occlusal interferences. Conclusions: The changes shown on TMJ images do not show close relationship with TMD symptoms and signs. Occlusal interferences resulted from teeth-lose are related to the clinical symptoms and signs of TMD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of enoxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract bacterial infection in the old patients.Methods 48 cases were given enoxacin and 46 cefotaxime.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in cure rate,effective rate,bacterial clearance and side effects incidence.Conclusion Enoxacin is effective and safe in the treatment of lower respiratory tract bacterial infection of the old patients.