OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antagonistic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. METHODS: 54 patients underwent renal transplantation were divided into 3 groups according to dosage of salvia miltiorrhiza: CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group, CsA+loe-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group (trial group) and CsA control group (control group). Plasma concentration of CsA, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (Bun), 24 h urines and 24 h urinary protein were recorded. The parameters of morphology and hemodynamics were compared among 3 groups. The differences of index among 3 groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The level of Scr, Bun and 24 h urinary protein in CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group were decreased significantly while 24 h urines was increased, compared with other 2 groups. There was significant difference among 3 groups (P0.05). The intrarenal blood flow and renal arterial resistance index were increased significantly in CsA+high-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza group. CONCLUSION: High-dose of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with CsA can reduce the CsA-induced nephrotoxicity perfently.

Objective To compare the influence of two different managements of relief incision (exposed relaxation therapy or absorbable hemostatic gauze) in infants' palatoplasty. Methods A total of 118 infants with cleft palate between 5- to 8-month-old for the study were randomly divided into two groups: group A was exposed therapy group, and in group B both sides of relief incision were placed absorbable hemostatic gauze. The wound bleeding, body temperature, diet and incidence of fistula were observed and analyzed after operation. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative temperature, diet and wound healing (P>0. 05). The postoperative wound bleeding was statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0. 05). Conclusions Either exposed therapy or placed absorbable hemostatic gauze in relief incision, has minimal systemic and local reactions in the postoperative infant. The advantages of exposed treatment are economic and simple, and less irritant to the wound.

The rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal motility is the key factor to accelerate the recovery of patients. The recovery of gastrointestinal motility is often affected by various factors, such as anesthesia and operation. The present study shows that the inhibition of stress response caused by acute pain can improve the recovery of gastrointestinal motility. Howeve, the effects of perioperative intravenous analgesics on gastrointestinal motility are not consistent. So we reviewed the effects of different intravenous analgesics on gastrointestinal motility.

Objective It has been shown that ketamine and magnesium used in combination provide more effective analgesia than either drug alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and interaction of the two drugs on recombinantly expressed NMDA receptors. Methods Xenopus oocytes expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B glutamate receptors were stimulated with glutamate/glycine and studied at a holding potential of -70mV using two electrode voltage clamp. The effects of magnesium and s ( + )-ketamine alone or in combination on NMDA signaling were determined. Results Magnesium and s( + )-ketamine alone inhibited NMDA receptors non-competitively. IC50s of magnesium were (4.2 ± 1.2)×10-4mol/L and (6.3 ± 2.4) × 10-4 mol/L on NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B, while IC50s of s( + )-ketamine on NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B were (4.1 ± 2.5) × 10-6 mol/L and (3.0 ± 0.3 ) × 10-6 mol/Lrespectively. Magnesium and s( + )-ketamine used in combination decreased IC50s more than 90% at both receptors. Isobolographic analysis demonstrated superadditive interactions. Conclusions s( + )-ketarnine and magnesium inhibit responses of recombinantly expressed NMDA recptors non-competitively, and the combinations of the two drugs produces a synergistic effect.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of central fatigue is unclear at present.The cumulation of lactic acid can play an important role in the central fatigue. Whether lactic acid can affect the neuronal functions, leading to the fatigue, needs to be examined.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lactic acid on the survival rate of primary neurons cultured from neonate rat cortex.DESIGN: Single sample observation SETTING: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science MATERIALS: Totally 40 Wistar neonate rats (within one day) provided by Experimental Animal Center of Academe of Military Medical Science were used in this study.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science from October 2003 to May 2004. Primary neurons in added , and the pH value was decreased to 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00,acid was added , and the pH value was kept at 7.35 , then the survival rate of neurons were observed. We analyzed the effect of lactic acid on neuron whether through down regulating pH value or the role of lactic acid.different concentrations of lactic acid and the same pH value on viability regulating pH value and lactic acid on neuron.pH. When PH values were 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00, the survival rate of concentrations of lactic acid were 0,5,10 and 20 mmol/L,pH value was constantly kept at 7.35. Viabilities of neurons were 100%, 88%, 82%,81%, respectively, with significant difference as compared with control was significan tly lower than that of corresponding lactic acid group.CONCLUSION: A close relationship exists between pH decrease induced by lactic acid and viability of neurons. Excess lactic acid can have a toxic effect on neurons independently of t on the changes in levels of pH.

The employment of university graduates is currently essential to the social stability and people’s livelihood. There are great needs of university graduates and professionals who are capable of staying and working at rural communities and make services and achievements for the new rural development. It is a problem to be concerned by the government and university encouraging medical graduates to serve the rural people. The paper made some considerations and analyses on the government policy and career-making mechanism to lead medical graduates to the rural communities.

Objectives: To study the clinical meaning of condyle-form asymmetry and its osseous changes shown on TMJ images of lateral oblique transcranial projection and lateral tomography. Methods: 113 patients with partial posterior teeth lose were enroled in the study.Among them 25 were with temporomandibular disorder (TMD group),39 with slight TMD sings (sub-TMD group) and 45 without TMD(TMD-free group). Radiographs were taken and studied for each patient. Results: It was found that the condyle form asymmetry and osseous changes were not significantly different among the three groups. Osseous change was related to the number of teeth-lose (P0.05). The symptoms and signs of TMD had close relationship with occlusal interferences. Conclusions: The changes shown on TMJ images do not show close relationship with TMD symptoms and signs. Occlusal interferences resulted from teeth-lose are related to the clinical symptoms and signs of TMD.

Objective To investigate the surgical correction of alar deformity and repairing function of unilateral cleft lip in infant. Methods Millards procedure was used to incise skin, muscle and mucosa, correct the nasal deformity through lip. At the normal side, ophthalmic scissors was applied to incise lips muscle and skin, and reach the deep level of the base of nasal pillor, cut the abnormal attachment between the orbicular muscle of mouth and anterior nasal spina, and sharp dissect cartilage and skin in nasal wing through deep level of nasal pillor. At the cleft side, the abnormal muscle branch was cut that attached at the down side of the base of nose and pyriform aperture, the tissue between nasal base and lip, maxilla relaxed, and the cartilage and skin in the nasal wing at the same side dissected. The deform cartilage was repairied as the same of normal side. After the rehabilitation of cartilage of nasal wing, the soft tissue at deep level was moved to normal location, but the deep level structure of nasal wing cartilage, nasal septum cartilage and nasal bone did not dissected. After the dissection of orbicular muscle of mouth, the muscle in nose and lip must be relaxed in illous side. The orbicular muscle of mouth was sewed under the condition of tensionless. The repairing of orbicular muscle of mouth will improve the balance of muscular strength around the nose. Thus, the deviation of nasal pillor was corrected and the base of nose repaired. Results Eighty cases of infant with unilateral cleft lip at the age of 3 months ～12 months, in which 11 cases were Ⅰ?,16 Ⅱ, and 3 Ⅲ?. Eighty cases were low grade alar deformity, and 13 middle grade deformity. After operation, 52 cases were better, 17 cases were good, and 11 cases were worse. The postoperational result was good. Conclusion While performing the cleft lip operation or Millard operation, the authors can correct the nasal deformity through lip. So, it is recommended that cleft lip and the alar deformity can be repaired at the same time.

ObjectiveTo study growth hormone activated regulation of growth hormone receptors (GHR) in cirrhotic hepatocytes. MethodsPrimary cultures of hepatocytes from cirrhotic rat were exposed to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) at different concentrations of 0, 13.3, 133.3,and 1?333?ng/ml, respectively. Thereafter the binding sites of hepatocytes were detected with radio-ligand binding assay. ResultsAfter culture with different rhGH concentrations, the binding sites (10 4/cell) of receptors on cirrhotic liver cells were respectively 0.73?0.13, 1.14?0.17, 1.23?0.21, and 0.68?0.10(P

AIM: To study the expression and change of growth hormone receptors in experimental cirrhotic liver in rats. METHODS: Thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of growth hormone receptor and its mRNA was investigated by radio-ligand binding assay, revere transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and digital image analysis in liver tissue or hepatocytes taken from normal control or cirrhotic rats with different stages of cirrhosis. RESULTS: Growth hormone-specific singular binding sties, namely growth hormone receptors, were detected in liver tissue or hepatocytes from rat samples with cirrhosis. The binding capacity of growth hormone receptors in rat cirrhotic live tissue was significant lower than that in normal control, and it decreased gradually along with the accumulation of collagen in the process of formation and development of liver cirrhosis. The binding sites of growth hormone receptors in rat cirrhotic liver cells were significantly lower than that in normal control. The expression of growth hormone receptor mRNA in rat cirrhotic liver tissue was also significant lower than that in normal control. CONCLUSIONS: The growth hormone receptor was expressed in cirrhotic livers at a reduced level in isolated hepatocytes or live tissue of cirrhotic rats, and lesser expression of growth hormone receptors was found in later stage of cirrhosis. The suppressed expression of growth hormone receptor was partly due to the reduced expression of its mRNA in cirrhotic liver tissue.