Background The reduced glutathione(GSH) is a water soluble antioxidant in retina and it is an important component of thiol.Diabetes induce the oxidative response of retina.It is very important to detect the content of thiol in retina for the evaluation of its antioxidant role.Objective This study was to investigate the effect of carnosine,aspirin and a combination of carnosine and aspirin eye drops on the change of the thiol contents in the retina of the diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic models were induced in 76 clean male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(65 mg/kg).The 0.02 mi sodium citrate buffer was injected in 12 control rats.1%camosine eye drops or 0.05%aspirin eye drops were topically administered respectively in carnosine group (19 rats)or aspirin group(19 rats)two times per day for a period of 8 weeks,and the combination of 1%carnosine eye drops and 0.05%aspirin eye drops was used in the combination group at the same way(19 rats).At the end of 8 weeks.The animMs were sacrificed and the eyeballs were enucleated for the detect of thiols in the retina by colorimetry.Results The body weight of SD rats was significantly reduced and the blood glucose level was evidently arose in model group,camosine group and aspirin group in comparison with control group(P＜0.05),but those of combination group compared with control group was insignificantly changed(P＞0.05).The level of thiol in retina was(1 90.35+46.62)ms/gprot in model group,showing a considerable decrease in comparison with control (202.77+53.49 ms/gprot)(P＜0.05).However,the thiol level rose to(378.40±165.06)mg/gprot in camosine group and(351.88±211.62)mg/gprot in aspirin group,showing a statistically significant difference in comparison with control group(P＜0.05).The content of thiol in combination group compared with control group Was insignificant changed(166.972±50.287 mg/gprot us 202.77±53.49 mg/gprot).Curiously the levels in the combination group were not different from the normal control group. Conclusion The carnosine and aspirin eye drops may protect the retina against the oxidative damage caused by diabetes.

Acceleration ; Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain ; genetics ; Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Heart ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; genetics ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To systematically evaluate the application of problem-based learning (PBL)in the teaching process of health management major in China.Methods Databases including CNKI (1979 to December the 2015),VIP (1989 to December the 2015),Wanfang (1982 to December the 2015) and PubMed were systematically retrieved.Any literature about PBL of health management major was included.Seffdeveloped data extraction form was used for collecting the information.Data were input and analyzed using Excel 2007.Results 15 papers were included in the analysis.The first author mainly came from the northeast region of China (7).Most (10) papers did not get the funding support.No paper was published in the journals contained in the Guide to the Core Journals of China.6 papers of experimental studies compared the performance difference of students of the PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL),which was statistically significant.Conclusion PBL is superior to the LBL.However,due to the large difference in the quality of literature,more studies were needed to determine the effect of PBL.Moreover,we should pay attention to the combination of PBL and LBL.

Objective To investigate the effects of intense pulsed light(IPL) on the collagen metabolism in human fibroblasts.Methods The callan foreskin fibroblasts were cultured and treated with different wave length and designed dose of IPL irradiation(590-1 200 nm,and 29 J/cm2),while 10 without IPL irradiation as controls.By culturing 1,12,24 and 48 h after the irradiation,the synthesis of collagen was measured by 3H-proline incorporation determination. Results The synthesis of collagen activity increased significantly(P

Objective To study the survival,migration and differentiation of the neural stem cells which transplanted into ventral horn of spinal cord after brachial plexus avulsion.Methods Neural stem ceils isolated from spinal cord of neogenetic rats and cultured,expanded,labeled by BrdU before transplanted. Twenty adult healthy SD rats preformed as the model of brochial plexus avulsion(Roots C_(5～7)),then transplan- rod stem ceils into the C_6 ventral horn of spinal cord.On 1,2,4,8,12 weeks postoperatively,immunohisto- chemistry assay were carried out in the spinal cord.Results Transplanted into ventral horn of spinal cord after brachial plexus avulsion.Neural stem cells can survive,migrate for at least one segment of spinal cord and differentiate to neurons and astrocytes.The differentiation of stem cells were time-depends.Conclusion Neural stem cells can survive,migrate and differentiate after transplanted into ventral horn of spinal cord in the rats which suffered from brachial plexus avulsion.

Objective To retrospectively investigate and compare the clinical features in type 2 diabetic patients with various lesions of diabetic nephropathy.Methods One hundred and fifty patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were registered from December 1990 to April 2004,among them 73 cases of diffuse glomerulosclerosis (DIF)and 77 nodular glomerulosclerosis(NOD)were all proven by renal biopsy.Data such as the durations of diabetes mellitus and hypertension,body mass index(BMI),diabetic retinopathy,HbA_1c,plasma albumin, proteinuria,urine N-acetyl-?,-glucosaminidase,urine osmolarity,ereatinine clearance rate(Ccr)were collected and compared.Results(1)Compared with the patients with DIF,the patients with NOD had longer duration of diabetes mellitus[(122.0?8.1 vs 56.0?7.8)months,P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of five-year trail of entecavir for chronic hepatitis B patients failed with lamivudine therapy in the Chongqing area.

METHODS32 patients failed with lamivudine therapy were enrolled in this study. In the double-blind phase, patients were randomly divided into entecavir 1.0 mg/d group (n = 28) and placebo group(n = 4) for 12 weeks. In the open-lable phase, patients received ETV 1.0 mg/d for 240 weeks. HBV DNA level, liver function, HBV serology were observed.

RESULTSThe mean reduction in HBV DNA level at week 12 was 4.05 log10 copies/ml in ETV group, and 0.08 log10 copies/ml in placebo group (P less than 0.05). The mean of HBV DNA level after 240 weeks of ETV treatment was decreased to 2.58 log10 copies/ml. The proportion of patients with HBV DNA less than 3 log10 copies/ml was 0, 6.25%, 15.6% , 50%, and 57.14% at 0, 8, 24, 96 and 240 weeks respectivfely. There were 2 patients with HBsAg seroconversion and 4 patients with HBeAg seroconversion at the end of the study. The ALT level returned to normal at week 12 and remained normal throughout the following 240 weeks. One patient had a severe adverse event during the trail.

CONCLUSIONEntecavir is effective and safe for the chronic hepatitis B patients failed with lamivudine therapy.

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Guanine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Virus Replication ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Yanghe Huayan Decoction (YHD, a representative recipe for warming yang mass dissipating) in inhibiting precancerosis of breast cancer (PBC) and on the protein and mRNA expression of ki67.

METHODSThe PBC rat model was established by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), and 9 weeks later rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the YHD group, the Sanjie Huatan Decoction group (SHD), the Pingxiao Tablet group (PT), and the tamoxifen group. Rats in the model group were administered with water by gastrogavage. Rats in the YHD group received YHD (deglued antler powder 12 g, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 9 g, cassia bark 6 g, white mustard seed 3 g, zedoary root 12 g, appendiculate cremastra pseudobulb 15 g, chekiang fritillary bulb 9 g, licorice root 6 g) at the daily dose of 7.2 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the SHD group received SHD (oldenlandia diffusa 15 g, Scutellaria Barbata 15 g, Trichosanthes Kirilowii 15 g, pinellia 9 g) at the daily dose of 5.4 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the PT group received PT at the daily dose of 144 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Those in the tamoxifen group received tamoxifen at the daily dose of 4 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Pathomorphological changes of the breast tissue were observed by HE staining. The positive rate and the gray value of ki67 expression were detected by immunohistochemical assay. And the expression of ki67 mRNA was detected by q-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, the general hyperplasia and the occurrence rate of precancerous lesion were higher and the occurrence rate of invasive carcinoma was lower in each treatment group (P < 0.05). Except the SHD group, the intensity of ki67 grey value increased in each treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Except the PT group, the positive rate of ki67 and mRNA expression of ki67 increased in the rest treatment groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the YHD group, there was no statistical difference in the occurrence rate of infiltration or the occurrence rate of precancerous lesion (P > 0.05). The positive rate of ki67 expression and mRNA expression of ki67 increased in the PT group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSYHD could partially inhibit and reverse canceration of breast cancer. It also could inhibit ki67 protein and mRNA expression. Its effect was similar to tamoxifen and superior to PT. So it was suitable for prevention and treatment of precancerous lesion of breast cancer.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Recovery of Function ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

In recent years, the focus of anti-cancer agents has gradually shifted from cytotoxic chemotherapy to molecular-targeted agents that interfere with frequently overexpressed or mutated molecules in cancer cells. Compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy is a new biological therapy with higher specificity and lower toxicity, however, the adverse reactions caused by molecular-targeted agents cannot be ignored. Diarrhea is one of the most common adverse drug reactions, which could seriously affect the quality of life and even lead to treatment discontinuation and consequently decreased cancer control. To provide a reference for relevant research and clinical medication, we review the current reports on the incidence, pathogenic mechanism, and management of diarrhea induced by the molecular-targeted agents.