BACKGROUND:With the development of tissue engineering technology, repairing large-area bone defects using tissue-engineered bone has become a hot spot.
OBJECTIVE:To introduce the bone tissue engineering seed cel s, cytokines, as wel as the characteristics of scaffold materials and their vascularization.
METHODS:With the key words of“bone tissue engineering, scaffold, vascularization”in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search of articles published from January 2000 to January 2012 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. Articles with the summary of bone tissue engineering, bone tissue engineering scaffolds and scaffold vascularization were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The selection of seed cel s, application of cytokines, scaffold material performance and degree of vascularization in bone tissue engineering has an important influence on the repair of bone injuries. Appropriate seed cel s is the study foundation in bone tissue engineering, cytokines serve as catalysts, and scaffold materials with good three-dimensional structure can promote cel growth and proliferation, tissue ingrowth, osteogenesis and vascularization. Each scaffold has its own inadequacies, so the combination of a variety of materials can reach a combined effect to meet the clinical demand. In addition, it is important to actively seek new material preparation technology and improve the existing methods, in order to create a more excel ent scaffold. But the vascularization is stil a major test for bone tissue engineering. Current methods to promote vascularization of tissue-engineered bone have some defects. For examples, the use of growth factors to promote vascularization can lead to disease progression in patients with metabolic abnormalities during;microsurgical techniques for tissue engineering bone vascularization are easy to cause trauma and deformity at other parts, which is not conducive to the patient’s physical rehabilitation.

The effects of zymosan-activated plasma(ZAP) on the lipid peroxides(LPO) content, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in lung lymph and their relationship to lung injury were studied in control (with normal leukocyte count) and leukopenic goats. In the control goats, after ZAP infusion, LPO production elevated, that was coincided with the increase of lung lymph flow (QL), and the clearence rate of lung lymph protein (LLPC). SOD activity was also elevated, but GSHpx activity was inhibited. In leukopenic goats, ZAP challenge caused an increase in LPO production, but its content was lower than that in control goats. No marked change was observed in QL and LLPC. The results suggest that: (1) Leukocytes and oxygen free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury due to ZAP infusion; (2) Leukocytes play an important role in producing oxygen free radicals.

AIM: To study the effect of the subretinal fluid (SRF) on proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and retinal glial (RG) cells and associated activation and translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) as well as the application of PKC inhibitor.MTEHODS: RPE and RG cells were disintegrated to obtain PKC activity of cytoplasm and cellular membrane after being treated by the subretinal fluid (SRF) from the different stages of PVR patients (grade B and C) or being treated with PKC specific activator [phorbol-12-myris-tate-13-acetate (PMA)] or normal vitreous or DMEM culture medium. PKC activity in cytoplasm and cellular membrane was measured using radioactive isotope 32P labeling in a specific reaction of phosphorylation on PKC substrate. In addition, the PKC inhibitor, dequalinium chloride, was used to pretreat the RPE and RG cells before the cells exposed to SRF or PMA or normal vitreous. 3H-TdR (tritiated thymidine) was used to measure the levels of proliferation of RPE and RG cells with or without the activation and translocation.RESULTS: SRF and PMA promoted the proliferation of RPE and RG cells. SRF and PMA activated PKC in the cytoplasm of RPE and RG cells and the activated cytoplasm PKC translocated to the cellular membrane of RPE or RG cells. The cell proliferation or PKC activation or translocation were not equally active in RPE as in RG cells. However, PKC inhibitor which attenuated the cell proliferation did not show significant difference on inhibition of RPE and RG cell proliferation. (P ＞0.05).CONCLUSION: SRF can lead to the activation and translocation of PKC in RPE and RG cells, which promote the proliferation of RPE and RG cells. Dequalinium chloride can inhibit PKC activation and translocation hence slow down the cells proliferation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bleeding cupping with different acupoints and frequencies in treating acne vulgaris.MethodSixty-four patients were divided by using stratified randomization method into Dazhui (GV14) group of 32 cases (16 cases in the subgroup of once every week, and the other 16 cases in the subgroup of twice every week) and Geshu(BL17) group of 32 cases (16 cases in the subgroup of once every week, and the rest 16 cases in the subgroup of twice every week). Dazhui group received bleeding cupping once every week or twice every week, while Geshu group also received bleeding cuppingonce every week or twice every week. The acne symptoms scores and total score were observed before and after intervention to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.ResultThe symptoms scores including oily condition, skin lesion nature, counts, color, and swelling pain were decreased after intervention in the two groups (P<0.01). The improvement of oily condition in Geshugroup was more significant than that in Dazhuigroup (P<0.05). The symptoms scores including oily condition, skin lesion nature, counts, color, and swelling pain were decreased after intervention in all the subgroups of different frequencies (P<0.01). The improvements of skin lesion nature and swelling pain were more significant in the subgroups of twice a week than that in the subgroups of once a week (P<0.05).ConclusionBleeding cupping with different acupoints and frequencies all can produce satisfactory efficacies; bleeding cupping at Geshucan produce a more significant efficacy than that at Dazhui;treatment at a frequency of twice a week can produce a more significant effect than once a week in improving skin lesion nature and swelling pain.

Objective To investigate correlation between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level and severity of disease and outcome in cerebral infarction (CI).Methods Ninety patients with CI within onset of 2 weeks were evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel index (BI) at admission and 3 months later. Serum CRP level were measured at admission. Correlation analysis was performed between serum CRP level and NIHSS, BI scores.Results The patients were divided into group A [( 1.23?0.32)mg/L], group B [( 5.04?1.93) mg/L]and group C [( 25.34?14.27)mg/L] according to different serum CRP level. Serum CRP level correlated significantly with severity and outcome at admission and 3 months later ( r=0.40, 0.42, -0.55,-0.44,respectively, all P

AIM: To study the curative effect for patients with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.METHODS: Totally 38 patients (38 eyes) with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber were selected and divided into two groups according to the depth of the anterior chamber, as mild shallow anterior chamber group (2-2.5mm) 23 eyes, high risk shallow anterior chamber group (<2.0mm) 15 eyes.Thirty-eight patients (38 eyes) with age related cataract with normal anterior chamber were as control group at the same period.All the patients received the operations by the same doctor and were followed up for 3mo.The observed items included visual acuity before and after operations, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell density and complications.RESULTS: There were no significant difference on visual acuity, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups before operations (P>0.05).The visual acuity improved significantly after operation in both groups (P<0.05).Intraocular pressure after operation decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05).Anterior chamber depth increased significantly after operation in both groups (P<0.05).Corneal endothelial cell density decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05).There were no significant difference on anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups at different time point after operations (P>0.05).Posterior capsular rupture occurred in shallow anterior chamber group in 1 eye, suspensory ligament rupture in 1 eye.Posterior capsular rupture and suspensory ligament rupture occurred none in normal anterior chamber group.Postoperative corneal edema occurred in 10 eyes (26%) in shallow anterior chamber group, which occurred in 3 eyes (8%) in normal anterior chamber group.The difference on the incidence was significant (P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification should be taken timely for patients with age related cataract and shallow anterior chamber.The postoperative visual acuity can be improved and the anterior chamber depth can increase.The operation is safe and effective for those patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngitis ; etiology ; therapy ; Spinal Diseases ; complications ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the situation of ALT-single-unqualified blood donors and the ALT test when they donated again.Methods There were 3 784 cases of ALT-single-unqualified blood donors from March 2009 to February 2010 enrolled in the study.Investigations were carried out to know the previous situation of blood donation.A 3-year tracking survey on those people was carried out,and the data was recorded and analyzed.Results The ALT-single-unqualified blood donors who participated in blood donation for the first time accounted for 58.14% (2 201/3 748).The 3-year follow-up showed that the returned blood donors accounted for 33.62% (1 272/3 784);1-year return accounted for 46.62%(593/1 272)which was the most;ALT-qualified donors accounted for 65.72%(836/1 272)of the retured donors.with the increase of the times of blood donation,the qualified rate of blood ALT increased.Conclusion More than half of the ALT-single-unqualified blood donors returned.There was a large proportion of returning donors participated in blood donation more than onece,and the qualification rate of ALT increased with the increase of do-nation times.In order to reduce the unqualified rate of ALT test,we should strengthen the propaganda and fixed blood donation team construction.

Objective To investigate characteristics of memory-guided saccade in Parkinson' s disease (PD),and to evaluate the application of memory-guided saccade in diagnosing PD.Methods Fiftythree subjects with early- or mid- stage PD were chosen as PD group,meanwhile,36 age-matched healthy subjects were chosen as control group.Memory-guided saccade test and event-related potential P300 were performed in all subjects,and results of the two groups were compared; furthermore,results of subgroups comprised of 29 patients with early-stage PD were analyzed.Results In comparison with control group,memory-guided saccade in PD group showed decreased velocity and primary gain,prolonged latency,extremely increased incidence of unwanted saccade and multi-step saccade ( U =124.000,37.000;both P ＜0.01 ),such abnormalities has already stood out even in subgroup comprised of early-stage PD patients.Meanwhile,latency of event-related potential P300 in PD group was prolonged compared with control group ((384.76 ± 34.48) ms vs (352.42 ± 24.99) ms,t =- 4.791,P ＜ 0.01 ).Multi-step saccade measurement demonstrated excellent sensitivity (96.2％ ) and specificity (94.4％) in the ability to discriminate PD patients from controls.Conclusion Memory-guided saccade in PD patients shows highly abnormal which may reflect the impairment of pontine saccade pathway and the dysfunction of frontal lobe.Memory-guided saccade test may be a useful examination in assisting the diagnosis of PD.