This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of syringin on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats and its mechanisms. Complete Freund's adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured with volume meter. Pain response and polyarthritis index were scored. Meanwhile, splenic lymphocyte proliferation response induced by concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined with MTT assay. IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes and IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha production of peritoneal macrophage (PM phi) were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The secondary inflammation of AA rats appeared on the 14th day after injection of FCA. Syringin and tripterygium glycosides (TG) were given by intragastric administration for 16 days from the 14th day. Treatment of AA rats with syringin and TG from the 22th day significantly attenuated the secondary hind paw swelling, as well as relieved the pain response and the polyarthritic symptoms of the whole body as compared with that of the AA model group. The suppressed lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production of splenic lymphocytes in AA rats were reversed by treatment with syringin. Meanwhile, syringin remarkably down-regulated IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha productions from PM phi. These results indicate that anti-inflammatory effects of syringin on AA rats are mediated by modulating the immune function of abnormal cells and the balance of cytokines.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Eleutherococcus ; chemistry ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; metabolism ; Male ; Phenylpropionates ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of adriamycin in combination with hyperthermia on apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in the chronic leukemic cell line K562/AO2 in vitro.Methods The working con- centration of adriamycin against K562/AO2 determined by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to treat the chronic leukemic cell line K562/AO2 in vitro alone or in combination with hyperthermia induced using a hot water bath at 40,41 or 42℃.The inhibitory effect was evaluated by MTT assay.The apoptosis rates and bcl-2 ex- pression of K562/AO2 were determined by flow cytometry.Results The working concentration of adriamycin in the study was defined as its 50% inhibition concentration (IC50).A 60 min session of hyperthermia at 40℃,41℃or 42℃was associated with significant growth inhibition of the cell line K562/AO2.Adriamycin chemotherapy alone and with hyperthermia significantly inhibited the growth of K562/AO2.All treatments significantly increased apoptosis rates and down-regulated bcl-2 expression of the K562/AO2 cell line.Conclusion Adriamycin chemotherapy com- bined with 60 min sessions of hyperthermia showed significant suppression effect on K562/AO2 cell proliferation.The treatment can increase apoptosis rates and down-regulate bcl-2 expression.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and security of triple antiplatelet with cilostazol in the elderly after drug-eluting stent implantation and compare it with double antiplatelet treatment. Methods 234 elderly patients with coronary disease were randomly divided into two groups.118 cases in the triple antiplatelet group were treated with clopidogrel (300 or 600 mg/d) and aspirin(100 mg/d) in addition with cilostazol(200mg/d) from pre surgery to 6 month after surgery,then received double antiplatelet treatment.116 cases in the double antiplatelet group were treated with Aspirin(100 mg/d) and clopidogrel(300 or 600 mg/d),then clopidogrel was ceased after 1 year and used only Aspirin. The main parameters during follow up included all-cause death,major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE),the secondary parameters during follow- up were recurrence of angina pectoris,myocardial infarction,revascularization and hemorrhage within 2 years. Results The recurrence of angina pectoris and revascularization were found in 1 case (0.85％) and 1 case(0.85％) respectively in the triple antiplatelet group,while 8 cases(6.90％) and 8 cases (6.90％) in the double antiplatelet group,with significant difference between the two groups(both x2 =4.27,P＜0.05).All cause death,myocardial infarction,cerebral apoplexy and hemorrhage were not found in the triple antiplatelet group,while 1 case of death,1 case with myocardial infarction,1 case with apoplexy and no hemorrhage appeared in the double antiplatelet group,with no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions The triple antiplatelet added with cilostazol in the elderly after drug eluting stent implantation may decrease the recurrence of angina pectoris and revascularization with higher security.

BACKGROUND: The existence of minimal residual leukemia cells is the main cause for the recurrence of acute leukemia in children, and immunological biological therapy has attracted more and more attentions in the various methods from eliminating minimal residual disease. Previous studies have found that interferon α-2b can effectively inhibit the increase of tumor cells in vivo in children with neuroblastoma and malignant lymphoma, whether it can inhibit the increase of leukemia cells?OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of interferon α-2b in vitro on leukemia cells.DESIGN: A comparative observation taking human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line as the material.SETTING: Cell Culture Room; Immunological Laboratory; Cell Room, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital,Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: HL-60 cell line was provided by Shandong Institute of Basic Medical Sciences. Interferon α-2b was purchased from Megagene Company Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTTC) rabbit-anti-rat Ig solution (CatEK001) and CD13 anti-human monoclonal antibody solution (Cat. DK013Y) were purchased from Union Stem Cell & Gene Engineering Co.,Ltd.METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University from March to September 2005. HL-60 cells culture system was established in vitro, and the oncentration was adjusted to 1×109 L-1. The cells were divided into control group and experimental group. In the experimental group, each well was added by interferon-α-2b with the terminal concentration of 5×105, 1×106, 2×106,5×106 and 1×107 U/L, respectively. In the control group, each well was added by saline of the same volume. The cells were cultured continuously for 48 hours. The morphological changes of HL-60 cells were observed using Wright's staining under light microscope; Cell apoptosis was observed using acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining; Antigen expression and maturation and differentiation on cell membrane were observed by determining CD13 protein expression; Proliferation and activity of HL-60 were detected with methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) assay.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence of apoptosis was judged according to the uniformity and staining of HL-60 nuclear chromatin; HL-60 cell proliferation was judged according to the absorbance (A) value; The maturation of HL-60 cells was judged according to the number of positive CD13 cells.RESULTS: ① HL-60 cell apoptosis: The cells were cultured for 48 hours. When the concentration of interferon α-2b was 5×105 U/L, there were mainly early apoptotic HL-60 cells; When the concentration was 1×107 U/L, there were mainly late apoptotic cells, and the apoptotic rate was significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).② HL-60 cell proliferation: The A values in the experimental groups treated with interferon α-2b of 2×106 U/L and 1 ×107 U/L were significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01). ③ Maturation of HL-60 cells: The percentages of positive CD13 cells in the experimental groups treated with interferon α-2b of 1 ×106 and 1 ×107 U/L were significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: It is concluded that interferon α-2b can enhance the apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation and promote maturation and differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Objective Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) was reported in 0.33％to 9.5％ patients after cardiac surgery.This study was designed to assess the clinical usefulness and accuracy of 3 clinical tools for the prediction of ARF after cardiac surgery in Chinese patients.Methods Five hundred and four eligible patients with complete clinical data in our institution received prospective assessment for RRT and acute kidney injury (AKI) between June,2009 and November,2010.The clinical tools used were Cleveland ARF Score,acute kidney injury prediction following elective cardiac surgery(AKICS) and Simplified Renal Index(SRI).Hosmer—Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to estimate the calibration.Discrimination was determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under a ROC curve (AUC).Results Follow-up was completed in all 504 patients.The overall incidence of postoperative RRT was 3.17％(16/504) with a mortality of 37.5％,and the incidence of AKI was 5.36％ ( 27/504 ).Discrimination for the prediction of RRT and AKI was good for SRI measured with AUROCs:0.759 (95％ CI,0.643-0.874) for RRT and 0.773 (95％ CI,0.677-0.868 ) for AKI.SRI score performed better in terms of discrimination than Cleveland ARF score and AKICS in our study,which did not consist with results reported by other centers.Conclusion SRI scoring system is the most useful among three tools for predicting postoperative RRT and should be the first choice in Chinese patients for whom a cardiac surgery is planned.It can also be used in predicting the composite end point of AKI with an extended application in patients at risk for postoperative kidney dysfunction.

Objective To compare the effect of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and TURP combine with transure-thral incision of the bladder neck(TUIBN) in the treatment of small size prostate hyperplasia .Methods From March 2002 to Octo-ber 2010 ,124 cases of small-size prostate hyperplasia patients were treated .All patients were randomized to undergo TURP or TURP with TUIBN .There were 62 patients in TURP group .Of which ,54 cases were followed up .There were 62 patients in TURP plus TUIBN group .Of which ,50 cases were followed up .The treatment effect of the two different surgical methods was evaluated by comparing international prostate symptom (IPSS) ,maximum flow rate(Qmax) and post voiding residual urine volume(PVR) et al .Results No statistical difference (P>0 .05)was found in age ,medical histories ,prostatic weight ,IPSS ,Qmax ,PVR between the two groups before operation .But significant difference(P<0 .01)was observed in IPSS ,Qmax ,PVR between the two groups after operation .There was no statistical difference(P>0 .05) in resected tissue weight and follow up between the two groups .The inci-dence rate of bladder neck contracture was 4% in TURP plus TUIBN group ,and it was significantly lower than that of TURP group(11% )(P< 0 .01) .Conclusion TURP plus TUIBN was better for the treatment of small size prostatic hyperplasia than TURP .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory effect of genistin combined with anastrozole on the growth and apoptosis of breast tumor tissue, and to study their anti-cancer mechanism by using the model of 7,12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors following ovariectomy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODSThe DMBA induced postmenopausal SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the genistein group, the anastrozole group, and the genistein combined with anastrozole group. The growth of tumors was observed in each group. The proliferation index and apoptosis index of tumor cells were determined. Moreover, estradiol (E2) and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA levels were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively.

RESULTSThe tumor growth was inhibited in the genistein group and the anastrozole group. The inhibitory ratio was significantly higher in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA decreased more significantly in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGenistein could suppress the growth of mammary tumors in postmenopausal rats. It showed synergistic effect when combined with anastrozole, which resulted in reduced levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA. It had inhibitory effect on the growth of breast tumors.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Female ; Genistein ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Nitriles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ovariectomy ; Postmenopause ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the most common disorder in clinic. In recent years due to diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and trauma induced disease increased, the prevalence rate increased. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and CT imaging technology, it greatly improved the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of chronic osteomyclitis and ability to describe the infection characteristics, and provide a reliable basis for clinical treatment. The current research on chronic osteomyelitis mainly concentrated on the aspects of imaging applications and ways of using antibiotic optimization control inflammation, defect restoration and reconstruction of blood supply and treatment. But the best time to the antibiotic therapy and the use of program is still uncertain, for after debridement, bone grafting time and defect repair function of fast recovery still need further research.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; diagnosis ; therapy

In this paper, the chloroplast psbK-psbI intergenic spacers of 18 species of Dendrobium and their adulterants were amplified and sequenced, and then the sequence characteristics were analyzed. The sequence lengths of chloroplast psbK-psbI regions of Dendrobium ranged from 474 to 513 bp and the GC contents were 25.4%-27.6%. The variable sites were 71 while the informative sites were 46. The inter-specific genetic distances calculated by Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) of Dendrobium were 0.006 1-0.058 1, with an average of 0.028 4. The K2P genetic distances between Dendrobium species and Bulbophyllum odoratissimum were 0.093 2-0.120 4. The NJ tree showed that the Dendrobium species can be easily differentiated from each other and 6 samples of the inspected Dendrobium species were identified successfully through sequencing the psbK-psbI intergenic spacer. Therefore, the chloroplast psbK-psbI intergenic spacer can be used as a candidate marker to identify Dendrobium species and its adulterants.
Chloroplasts ; DNA, Chloroplast ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

In order to identify Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced based on the Principles for Molecular Identification of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Using DNA Barcoding, which has been promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Sequences were analyzed and assembled by Codon Code Aligner V3. 7.1. The relevant data were analyzed by MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were performed by using the nearest distance methods and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The result showed that the ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Radix were 229-230 bp and the average intra-specific genetic distances were 0.005. The ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Decursivi Radix were 227 bp and the sequences contained no variation site. The average inter-specific K2P genetic distance of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species were 0.044 and 0.065 respectively. The minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence of Peucedani Decursivi Radix. The nearest distance methods and NJ trees results indicated that Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species could be identification clearly. The ITS2 regions can stably and accurately distinguish Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Drug Contamination