AIM: To study the mechanism for biological effect of ? 1-adrenoceptors by inves tigating the molecular mechanism involving in the apoptotic processi on in myocardium. METHODS: The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3 were determined by means of immunohistochemistry and molecular technique. RESULTS: Bcl-2 was increased but apoptosis, Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3 were decreased when phenylephrine was used before ischemia. CONCLUSION: ? 1 -adrenoceptors may influence the expression of Bcl-2 ,change the permeabil ity of mitochondrion and adjust the expression of apoptotic protein to control apoptosis.

Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; nursing ; Female ; Humans ; Potassium Permanganate ; administration & dosage ; poisoning ; Powders

Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for determination of the concentrations of dextromethorphan and its metabolites dextrorphan in human urine.Methods Phenacetine was used as internal standard,and the urine sample was hydrolyzed by enzyme,alkalified and extracted with hexane-butanol(91).The separation was carried out on DiamonsilTM C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-1% triethylamine buffer solution(pH adjusted to 2.2 with H3PO4).Gradient elution was done for 0-15 min(20%-35% A).The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm and the column temperature was 40℃.Results The linear ranges of dextromethorphan and dextrorphan were 0.05-2.0 ?g/ml(r=0.999 9,n=5) and 0.5-20.0 ?g/ml(r=0.999 9,n=5),respectively,and their lowest detecting concentrations were 0.04 ?g/ml and 0.4 ?g/ml,respectively.The intra-day and inter-day precision were both less than 10%.The low,middle and high extraction recoveries were between 94%-108%.Conclusion Our method is accurate and sensitive,and is suitable for the CYP2D6 phenotype analysis and pharmacokinetic studies of dextromethorphan and its metabolites in human.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation recombinant human interferon α1b in the treat-ment of bronchiolitis in children. METHODS:60 children with bronchiolitis were randomly divided into low-dose group,high-dose group and control group. All children were given tracheal suctioning,phlegm dispersing and other symptomatic treatment. Based on it,low-dose group was given recombinant human interferon α1b 1-2 μg/(kg·times),adding into 3 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injec-tion,compression aerosol inhalation,twice a day;high-dose group was given recombinant human interferon α1b 3-4 μg/(kg·times), adding into 3 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,compression aerosol inhalation,twice a day;control group was given ribavirin 10-15 mg/(kg·d),adding into 5% Glucose injection at ratio of 1∶1 by intravenous infusion,once a day. The treatment course for all groups was 5-7 d. Clinical efficacy,disappearance time of cough,respite,rale and three depressions,hospitalization time and incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS:Disappearance time of cough,respite,rale and three depres-sions and hospitalization time in high-dose group were significantly shorter than low-dose group and low-dose group shorter than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Total effective rate in high-dose group was significantly high-er than low-dose group and low-dose group higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on conventional treatment,both efficacy and safety of aerosol inhalation recombinant human interferonα1b in the treatment of bronchiolitis in children are good.

Aim To investigate the effects of miR-122a on blood-spinal cord barrier after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:group of sham(S group),group of control(C group)and group of miR-122a antagomir(M group).Rats in S group were subjected to exposure of aorta arch but without occlusion.Spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by clamping the aorta arch for 14 min in C group and M group.Rats in M group and C group were intrathecally injected with miR-122a antagomir or antagomir control daily for three times after injury.The miR-122a expression in injured spinal cord tissue was detected by real-time PCR.The occludin expression in injured spinal cord tissue was detected by Western blot.The permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier was examined using evans blue as a vascular tracer.The neurological motor function was evaluated by Basso Beattie Bresnahan score.Results Compared with S group,the expression of miR-122a was increased,the expression of occludin was decreased,the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier was increased,and neurological motor function score was decreased significantly in C group(P<0.05).Compared with C group,the expression of miR-122a was decreased,the expression of occludin was increased,the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier was decreased,and neurological motor function score was increased significantly in M group(P<0.05).Conclusion miR-122a can regulate the expression of occludin and change the permeability of blood-spinal cord barrier.

Background Scarring of the filtering bleb is a main cause of filtering surgical failure in glaucoma.It has been reposed that tetrandrine could suppress the proliferation of cultured human fibroblast of Tenons capsule in vitro and thus has the potential effect to prevent scarring after the filtering surgery. Objective Present study was to investigate the anti-cicatricial effect of tetrandrine drug delivery system(Tet DDS)during filtration surgery. Methods Filtration surgery was performed in bilateral eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits.The Tet DDS with 0.3 mg Tet,0.2 mg Tet or free-Tet were implanted subcunjunctially during the surgery.The filtering blebs were scored in 1 day,4,7,10,14 days after referring to the corneal thickness and bleb range under the slit-lamp biomicroscopy.The morphology of filtering bleb was assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy in 7 and 14 days after operation.The filtering bleb specimen was prepared in 7 and 14 days for the histopathological examination. Results The filtering bleb scores in Tet DDS implantation groups were significantly higher than those in free-Tet DDS group from 4 days through 14 days after trabeculectomy(P＜0.01),and the scores showed a considerably increase in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group compared with 0.2 mg Tet DDS group from 7 days through 14 days after trabeculectomy(P＜0.05).The filtering blebs of Tet DDS implantation groups were found with distinct subepithelial cystic spaces under the light microscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy on the 7th day and 14th day after surgery.Compared with free-Tet DDS group,the numbers of subepithelial mierocysts were much more(P＜0.01)and the area of microcysts was larger(P＜0.01)in Tet DDS group.The filtering tissue presented with more subepithelial microcysts and larger microcysts range in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group than 0.2 mg Tet DDS group in 7 and 14 days after operation(P＜0.05).The inflammatory cell infiltration wag milder in 0.3 mg Tet DDS group in comparison with 0.2 mg Tet DDS group and free-Ted DDS group.Conclusion Tet DDS has strong inhibitory effects on inflammatory cells activity and fibroblagt activity the early stage after filtering surgery and therefore improve the surgery success rate.

Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on inter cellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and blood spinal cord barrier following spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Ninety Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham (Sham group),ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/ R group),and BMSCs transplantation (BMSCs group).Spinal I/R injury was induced by clamping the aortic arch between left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery for 14 min in I/R group and BMSCs group.Sham group was subjected to exposure of aortic arch but without occlusion.I/R group and BMSCs group were intrathecally injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or BMSCs (2 × 106) two days before injury.At 1 d,3 d,and 7 d after injury,neurological function was evaluated and damaged lumbosacral seg ment was removed for measurement of blood spinal cord barrier permeability and ICAM-1 protein expression.Results Compared with Sham group,neurological function score was significantly lower:1 d (F =38:59,P =0.001),3 d (F =31.34,P =0.001),and 7 d (F =27.71,P =0.001) ; ICAM-1 expression was increased 1 d (F =34.33,P =0.001),3 d (F =29.76,P =0.001),and 7 d (F =23.65,P =0.001),and blood spinal cord barrier permeability was higher:1 d (F =42.57,P =0.001),3 d (F =32.75,P =0.001),and 7 d (F =26.89,P =0.001) in I/R group.Compared with I/R group,neurological function score was increased:1 d (F =16.62,P =0.001),3 d (F =21.54,P =0.001),and 7 d (F =12.84,P =0.002) ; ICAM-1 expression was decreased:1 d (F =19.84,P =0.018),3 d (F =17.38,P =0.008),and 7 d (F =22.46,P =0.007),and blood spinal cord barrier permeability was lower:1 d (F =22.38,P =0.016),3 d (F =27.59,P =0.009),and 7 d (F =23.25,P =0.001) in BMSCs group.Conclusions Intrathecal transplantation of BMSCs inhibited ICAM-1 expression and decreased blood spinal cord barrier permeability,and then attenuated spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To preliminarily test the value of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERD-Q) in auxiliary diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in infants and young children.Methods From January 2011 to February 2014,148 infants and 87 young children with suspected GERD symptoms were enrolled in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Wuhan Women and Children's Medical Care Center.The diagnosis of GERD were made through 24 h esophageal pH monitoring and upper gastrointestinal hysterosalpingography.Those with any examinations being positive were brought into GERD group,and the others into the control group.All cases had been surveyed with GERD-Q.Using SPSS17.0 statistical software,the ratio was compared with chi-square test,and the difference of the scores between groups with t test.Results In infants (1 to 11 months),the individual symptom scores (ISS) of the 6 symptoms in the GERD group (n =111) were all higher than those in the control group (37 cases) (P ＜ 0.05),and the composite and symptom scores (CSS) [(131.43 ± 66.56) scores] in the GERD group was higher than that [(33.70 ± 40.03) scores] in the control group (t =8.42,P ＜ 0.05).In young children (1 to 3 years old),the ISS in the GERD group(55 cases) were all higher than those in the control group(32 cases),and the CSS[(98.58 ± 66.75) scores] in the GERD group was also higher than that [(28.50 ± 35.95) scores] in the control group(t =5.49,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is a good correlation for age-specific GERD-Q to distinguish GERD symptoms in infants and young children,which is suitable for the assessment of GERD.

Objective To evaluate plasma natriuretic peptide brain (BNP) levels in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes and primary osteoporosis.Methods A total of 122 elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into 3 groups according to bone mineral density(BMD):normal group (41 cases),osteopenia group (40 cases) and osteoporosis group (41 cases),and another 33 age matched healthy subjects as control group.Plasma BNP levels were determined by ELISA.Results Plasma BNP levels in osteoporosis group [(1.95 ± 0.49) pmol/L] and osteopenia group [(1.64±0.48) pmol/L] were significantly elevated compared with that in normal group [(1.32±0.38) pmol/L] and control group [(1.26±0.39) pmol/L] (all P＜0.01).There was a statistical difference between osteoporosis group and osteopenia group (t=3.539,P＜0.05),and also between normal group and control group (t=2.726,P＜0.05).Plasma BNP levels had negative correlation with BMD of 2na-4th lumbar vertebra (r=-0.366) and femoral neck (r=-0.375),body mass index (r=-0.288) and estrodiol (E2) (r=-0.352) (all P＜0.05); while had a positive correlation with parathyroid hormone (PTH) (r=0.353,P＜0.05).Conclusions With BMD declining,plasma BNP levels are elevated in elderly male type 2 diabetes,which may be related to the compensatory increase in PTH and the decrease in estradiol.

Objective:To conduct health economic evaluation of Chinese population-based screening and opportunistic testing strategies for the prevention of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori)-related diseases. Methods:The Markov models of H.pylori infection caused non-ulcer dyspepsia, peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer were established. The cost and effects of the population-based screening, opportunistic testing, and non-intervention strategies in 100 000 population of our country were simulation calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistic analysis. Single factor sensitivity analysis was performed to analyze the impact of single parameter uncertainty on cost-effectiveness. Probability sensitivity was used to analyze the impact of common uncertainty of all parameters on cost-effectiveness. Results:Compared with opportunistic testing strategy and non-intervention strategy, the total cost of population-based screening strategy was reduced by 0.43 million yuan(-6.63 million yuan to 7.19 million yuan) and 4.45 million yuan(-8.60 million yuan to 27.93 million yuan), quality adjusted life years (QALY), life years and asmptomatic months were prolonged by 888.00 (479.86 to 1 574.10) and 3 032.78 (1 756.04 to 5 007.84), 651.82 (294.73 to 1 211.94) and 1 868.64 (1 045.88 to 3 148.34), 28 381.91 (19 109.54 to 43 736.72)and 102 537.13 (58 649.18 to 176 868.77) respectively, gastric cancer, deaths from gastric cancer, deaths from PU and deaths from various causes were reduced by 115 cases(52 cases to 232 cases) and 464 cases(266 cases to 803 cases), 74 cases(33 cases to 148 cases) and 260 cases(149 cases to 453 cases), 46 cases(25 cases to 72 cases) and 369 cases(210 cases to 710 cases), 80 cases(42 cases to 126 cases) and 501 cases(331 cases to 772 cases) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=1.99, 10.54, 27.39, 27.39, 27.37, 27.39, 27.39, 27.39, 27.21, 27.28, 27.22, 27.28, 27.38, 27.39, 27.39 and 27.39, all P<0.05). Compared with the non-intervention strategy, the opportunistic testing strategy reduced the total cost by 3.89 million yuan(-2.79 million yuan to 18.18 million yuan), QALY, life years and asymptomatic months were prolonged by 1 764.77 (888.70 to 3 406.62), 1 044.16 (524.46 to 1 912.75) and 62 568.69 (30 054.07 to 129 892.76) respectively, gastric cancer, deaths from gastric cancer, deaths from PU and deaths from various causes were reduced by 311 cases(164 cases to 563 cases), 164 cases (87 cases to 301 cases), 325 cases(162 cases to 644 cases) and 399 cases(234 cases to 684 cases) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=14.20, 27.39, 27.38, 27.39, 27.25, 27.25, 27.39 and 27.39, all P<0.01). The results of singlefactor sensitivity analysis showed that the uncertainty of any parameter did not affect the cost-effectiveness of three strategies. The results of probability sensitivity analysis indicated that the probability of cost-effectiveness advantage of the population-based screening strategy was 100% and the common uncertainty of all parameters had no effect on cost-effectiveness. Conclusions:For preventing H.pylori-related diseases, the population-based screening strategy has the lowest average cost and the best average effect. However, non-intervention strategy has the highest average cost and the worst average effect. Population-based screening strategy is worthy of promotion throughout China, and opportunistic testing strategy has a higher clinical practical value.