Objective To investignte the effects of ambroxol on lung injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Thirty-six ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ children of both sexes aged≤8 yr,weighing≤25 kg undergoing repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) under CPB were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 each):I control group (C);II low dose ambroxol group (2.25 mg/kg) (A,) and III moderate dose ambroxol group (4.50 mg/kg) (A2).Ambrexol was diluted with normal saline 10 ml and infused slowly after skin incision in group A1 and A2.In group C equal volume of normal saline(10 ml) was infused instead of ambroxol.Blood samples were taken from radial artery before skin incision,at 20 rain of CPB,20 rain after aortic unclamping,2 h and 6 h after temtination of CPB and 12 h after operation for determination of plasma MDA concentration and SOD activity and blood gas analysis.Respiratory index (RI) and pulmonary compliance (CL)were calculated.Results The plasma MDA concentration and RI were significantly lower while plasma SOD activity was significantly higher in group A2 than in group C and A1·CL was significantly higher in group A2 than in group C.Conclusion Ambroxol 4.50 mg/kg can attenuate lung injury in children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB by decreasing lipid peroxidation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use and strengthen the management of adjuvant medication man-agement in the hospital. METHODS:1 080 and 860 discharged medical records of 12 Vitamins for injection were selected from our hospital during Jun.-Nov. 2014 (pre-special comment group,i.e. group A) and Jun.-Nov. 2015 (post-special comment group,i.e. group B),respectively. The application of 12 Vitamins for injection,hospitalization stay,drug cost and the incidence of ADR were compared before and after adjuvant medication special comment. RESULTS:After adjuvant medication special comments,the propor-tion of drug use of no indication,unsuitable solvent selection,irrational drug dosage,drug use of drug interaction and contraindica-tion,drug cost and the incidence of ADR in group B were all lower than in group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in hospitalization stay between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists adopt adju-vant medication special comments to effectively standardize clinical application of 12 Vitamins for injection in our hospital.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of different types and concentrations of sweet solutions on neonatal pain during heel lance procedure.

METHODTotally 560 full term neonates (male 295, female 265) were randomized into 7 groups:placebo group (plain water), 10% glucose, 25% glucose, 50% glucose, 12% sucrose, 24% sucrose and 30% sucrose groups.In each group, 2 ml corresponding oral solutions were administered through a syringe by dripping into the neonate's mouth 2 minute before heel lance. The procedure process was recorded by videos, from which to collect heart rate, oxygen saturation and pain score 1 min before puncture, 3, 5 and 10 min after puncture.

RESULTThe average heart rate increase 3, 5 and 10 min after procedure in the 25% and 50% glucose groups, 12% and 24% and 30% sucrose groups was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.01 or 0.05). The average heart rate increase 3 min after procedure in the sucrose group was lower than that in the glucose group (P < 0.01).Neonates who received 30% sucrose has a significantly lower average heart rate increase than those who received 12% and 24% sucrose 3 min after heel lance (both P < 0.05) . The average oxygen saturation decrease 3, 5, 10 min after procedure was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The average oxygen saturation decrease 3 min after procedure in the sucrose groups was significantly lower than that in the glucose groups (P < 0.01). The average pain score 3, 5, 10 min after procedure was significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The average pain score 3 min after procedure in the sucrose groups was significantly lower than that in the glucose groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOral administration of sweet solutions is an effective way to relieve neonatal pain on procedure, and sucrose has a better pain relief action than glucose, moreover, 30% sucrose provides better effect in control of heart rate increase 3 min after heel lance, but the best concentration of sucrose for pain relief needs further study.

Administration, Oral ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Blood Specimen Collection ; adverse effects ; methods ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Glucose ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; Heel ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Oxygen ; blood ; Pain ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Pain Measurement ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sweetening Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective To study the first-time killing efficacy and the chain-killing efficacy of four gel baits against Blattella germanica: 1% chlorpyrifos, 0.05% fipronil, 2.15% imidacloprid, and 0.5% dinotefuran and provide a basis for drug selection in controlling Blattella germanica. Methods Laboratory killing efficacy test was conducted according to the national standard GB/T 13917.7-2009 and the chain-killing efficacy test was conducted for three rounds.The first round of chain efficacy test was conducted by feeding the cockroaches killed in the laboratory efficacy test, and each next round by feeding the cockroaches killed in the last round.Median lethal time (LT₅₀), 95% confidence limit, and toxicological regression equation of each test were calculated by software DPS V9.01. Results The LT₅₀ of the efficacy test with 1% chlorpyrifos gel bait was 0.745 5 (0.603 4-0.890 3) d.The LT₅₀ of the first, second and third chain experiments increased by 3.30, 2.18 and 2.76 times, respectively.The LT₅₀ of the efficacy test with 0.05% fipronil gel bait was 0.846 5(0.464 7-1.228 0)d, and increased by 5.42, 2.09 and 1.48 times, respectively, in the first, second and third chain experiments.The LT₅₀ of the efficacy test with 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait was 3.192 1(2.865 0-3.506 0)d, and increased by 1.13, 1.65 and 1.15 times, respectively in the first, second and third chain experiments.The LT₅₀ of the efficacy test with 0.5% dinotefuran gel bait was 0.997 1(0.805 8-1.191 6) d, and increased by 3.85, 1.37 and 1.78 times, respectively in the first, second and third chain experiments. Conclusion In the laboratory killing efficacy test, 1% chlorpyrifos, 0.05% fipronil, and 0.5% dinotefuran gel baits are better than 2.15% imidacloprid gel bait.In the chain-killing efficacy test, 2.15% imidacloprid and 0.5% dinotefuran gel baits are better than 1% chlorpyrifos and 0.05% fipronil gel baits.Based on our results, we recommend the use of 0.5% dinotefuran gel bait for comprehensive and sustained killing effect.

[ Objective ] To assess the resistance risk of Culex pipiens pallens to pyriproxyfen in Culexpipiens pallens, to predict the rate of resistance development and to provide the reference for scientific and rational application of insecticides. [ Methods ] The resistance strain was developed by group selection, and the realized heritability ( h2 ) of Culex pipiens pallens resistance to deltamethrin was estimated by Tabashnik's method. [ Results] The resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to pyriproxyfen had increased by 5.69-fold after 12 generations of indoor breeding, and the h2 of Culex pipiens pallens to pyriproxyfen was 0.02, indicating that a relatively risk of resistance development. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that Culex pipiens pallens has resistance risk to pyriproxyfen, so the application of the insecticide must be scientific and rational.

Burn children would experience pain and anxiety during treatment and rehabilitation, thus analgesic and sedative treatment should be applied throughout the whole process of burn treatment. Due to the unique physiological and psychological status of burn children, analgesic and sedative treatment for burn children is a relatively complex process compared with that for adult burn patients. Therefore, how to provide the effective and safe analgesic and sedative treatment for burn children is a clinical challenge. This paper reviewed the related progress of assisted analgesic and sedative treatment of burn children, in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the distribution and expression changes of voltage-gated chloride channel CLC-2 and CLC-3 in rat models with lithium-pilocarpine-induced chronic epileptic,and discuss the significance of these changes in epileptic pathogenesis.Methods Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into status epilepticus(SE,n=60)and control(n=20)groups and rats in the SE group were assigned to 3 subgroups according to the different sacrificed times(24 h,14 d and 30 d).Rat models with chronic epileptic in the SE group were induced by lithium-pilocarpine.Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the changes of voltage-gated chloride channel CLC-2 and CLC-3 in rat's hlppocampal formation different time points after seizure.The mRNA changes of chloride channel CLC-2 and CLC-3 at different time points after seizure were observed by RT-PCR.Results Compared with those in the control group,the quantity of CLC-2 immune positive neurons and the average optical density in the SE group decreased obviously 14 and 30 d after seizure;so was the mRNA expression of CLC-2(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the SE group showed obviously increased quantity of CLC-3 immune positive neurons and optical density at each area of the hippocampus 24 h after seizure;so was the mRNA expression of CLC-3(P<0.05).Conclusion Seizures at chronic phase have relation with the decreased expressions of CLC-2.

In this paper， through the collection and collation of ancient materia medica， medical books and medical formulary， combining with modern literature， the historical changes of the name， origin， position， harvesting time， medicinal parts， toxicity， functions and indications， processing methods of Rhododendri Mollis Flos （RMF） were systematically combed and verified， so as to provide reference for clinical application， processing standard and basic research of RMF. According to textual research， RMF is the dried flower of Rhododendron molle. In each historical period， there are many aliases and local names， being with phenomenon of homonyms and synonyms. RMF is mostly wild and planted in a small amount， harvesting time is mostly in March to April. However， the harvesting flowering period is differently described as initial bloom， full bloom and extensive bloom. RMF was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing (《神农本草经》)， but it did not mention its medicinal parts. Then the flowers， fruits， roots are be used as medicine， but flowers are still the main medicinal parts. RMF had a long processing history， included fried， vinegar-fried， wine-fried， steamed， wine-steamed， vinegar-steamed， and many other processing methods in ancient times. However， at present， only raw products are used in clinical practice， and only a few modern books retain the methods of stir-fried and wine-steamed， believing that the processing can reduce toxicity of RMF.

Aim To explore the effeets of Salvianolie aeirl A (SAA) on platelet recruitment, activation and neutrophils in heart of myocardial infarction ( Ml ) mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divid¬ed into: Sham operation group.Ml model group, SAA (5, 10 mg • kg 1 ) group, tirofiban (Tirofiban, 0.87 mg • kg ' ) group, using tail vein injection for 3 d.Echocardiography and HE staining were used to detect mouse heart function and infarct area; 1HC, FCS, ELISA, Western blot and other methods were used to explore the inhibitory effect of SAA on platelet and neutrophil activation.Results Compared with Ml group, SAA could improve the cardiac function and cardiac physiology changes of Ml mice, reduce the ex¬pression of CD42c in myocardial tissue and CD62p in peripheral blood without affecting tail bleeding time, reduce ADP-induced platelet activation and increase p- VASP/VASP ratio, reduce the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, reduce the expression of CD45, Ly6G, CXCL1 and CXCL2 in myocardial tissue, re¬duce the expression of complement component C3aR in myocardial tissue, and reduce C3a-induced NE and MPO, MMP9, LF level.Conclusions SAA has an anti-platelet activation effect by inhibiting the PI3K/ AKT and VASP pathways and an anti-neutrophil acti¬vation effect by inhibiting the expression of C3aR and C3a.