Adenoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Clitoris ; pathology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Genitalia, Female ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurofibromatoses ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

Objective To provide an effective basis for clinical control methods of multi-drug-resistant bacterial (MDRB) infections by analyzing the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of MDRB.Methods The French Merieux ATB Expression Automated Analysis System was used for bacterial identification,whereas a drug susceptibility testing was performed by K-B methods.Drug-resistance rate was calculated,and the predisposing factors were analyzed.Results Altogether 811(8.1％) strains were isolated from 9 954 specimens,and the majority of multiply antimircobial-resistant bacteria were Escherichia coli,Coagulase-negative staphylococci,Klebsiella Pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus,Acinetobacter Baumannii,Pseudommonas aeruginosa,whereas the last two appeared pan resistant strains.Specimen source was mainly from respiratory specimens,accounted for 47.8％,and was mainly distributed in the ICU unit,atout41.8％ ;MDRB enterobacter was highly sensitive to Carbapenems with resistance rates less than 1.5％ and to Amikacin and other inhibitor drugs that rate was less than 30.0％.The resistance rates of MDRB nonfermentative bacteria was ＞ 77.0％ to Carbapenem antibacterial drugs whereas to non-resistance was found to polymyxin and only 20.0％ resistance rate to Cefoperazone/sulbactam.MDRB staphylococcus was 100.0％ sensitive to Vancomyci,Teicoplanin and Linezolid and less sensitive (＜ 30.0％) to chloramphenicol and rifampicin.MDRB showed high resistance rate to other antibacterial drugs.The predisposing factors included age,other disease,hospitalization over two weeks,the usage of multiply antimicrobial especially cephalosporins overtoppinh 7 days,and invasive operations.Conclusion The major MDRBs are resistant to common-used antimicrobial drugs.It is nesessary to pay attention to the differences.

Objective To investigate the effects of ulinastatin on serum concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products and C-reactive protein in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods Seventy-two patients with MODS were randomly divided into ulinastatin group(n=36) and control group(n=36).The serum concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products and C-reactive protein in two groups were determined before therapy and after 3d,5d and 7d of therapy.Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅲ (APACHE Ⅲ)for patients were recorded before therapy and after 3d,5d,7d of therapy.Mortality within 28d was also compared between the two groups.The serum concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products and C-reactive protein in 36 healthy volunteers were detected as normal control.Results The concentrations of AOPP and CRP in patients with MODS before therapy were significantly higher than those obtained from healthy volunteers(P<0.05), whereas no obvions difference was found between the two groups.However,the levels of AOPP and CRP in patients with MODS were significantly decreased after 3d,5d,7d of therapy.Compared with control group,AOPP concentrations and CRP levels were markedly attenuated and APACHE Ⅲ scores decreased significantly in ulinastatin group(P<0.05).The mortality in ulinastatin group was also improved more significantly than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin can decrease the concentrations of serum AOPP and CRP in patients with MODS,so as to alleviate the damage resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation,contributing to improve the outcome in patients with MODS.

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of compound Danshen injection in treating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) of newborns. Computer retrievals were made in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and China info (before May 2014) and relevant literature references, and manual retrievals were made for journals and conference papers, in order to collect randomized or semi-randomized controlled trials concerning compound Danshen injection in the treatment of neonatal HIE. The quality of included references was evaluated according to literatures recommended by Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5. 3 software was applied in the statistical treatment. Finally, a total of 13 randomized controlled trials were included, covering 1,211 patients (including 639 patients in the compound Danshen injection-treated group and 572 patients in the control group). Meta-analysis results showed that the routine treatment combined with compound Danshen injection can improve the treatment efficiency of neonatal HIE [RR = 1.28; 95% CI (1.21-1.36)], reduce the mortality rate [RR = 0.42; 95% CI (0.23-0.75)] and the incidence of long-term neurological sequelae [RR = 0.48; 95% CI (0.35-0.65)], with statistical differences. No fatal side effect was observed in all of included trials. So far, limited evidences in this study proved that the application of compound Danshen injection in the treatment of neonatal HIE can enhance the clinical efficiency. However, because of the low quality of the included trials, more well-designed and large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials shall be made in the future.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; drug therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; drug therapy ; Injections ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

0.05). The relative bioavailability of tested capsules to reference tablets was (99.3?13.1)% Conclusion Both formulations are of bioequivalence.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 in Wushan and Fengjie counties of Chongqing and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of the disease.MethodsTwenty townships(towns) in Fengjie county and 18 in Wushan county were selected as survey points by random cluster sampling in 2010.Dental fluorosis of all the children aged 8 - 12 was examined with Dean index.The detection rate of children's dental fluorosis,defect rate and dental fluorosis index were compared between the two counties.Results Totally 38 209 children aged 8 - 12 were investigated.The total detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.09％( 16 466/38 209) in the two counties.The detection rates of dental fluorosis in Wushan and Fengjie were 48.98％ (9397/19 186)and 37.16％(7069/19 023),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =544.03,P ＜ 0.01 ).Total detection rates of dental fluorosis of the five age groups(8,9,10,11,and 12-year-old age groups) were 32.52％(2157/6632),40.07％(2672/6668),43.67％(3420/7831 ),46.01％ (3861/8391) and 50.14％ (4356/8687),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =510.50,P ＜ 0.01),Dental fluorosis indexes in Wushan and Fengjie were 0.713 and 0.485,respectively.Defect rates of dental fluorosis in Wushan and Fengjie were 4.05％ (777/19 186) and 1.57％(298/19 023),respectively.Conclusions The total detection rate of dental fluorosis of the two counties is still high,which gradually increases with age.Wushan is still an endemic area of dental fluorosis,and Fengjie is at the edge of the

Clinical trials are often designed as either pragmatic or explanatory. The pragmatic clinical trials are generally used for measuring the effectiveness of a treatment in common clinical practice, while the explanatory trial for measuring the efficacy of a treatment under ideal conditions. Since the methods concerning pragmatic clinical trials are less introduced in China, its archetypal features, advantages and limitations were introduced in this paper. And a current study of pragmatic clinical trials on using acpuncture for treatment of low back pain carried out in German was taken as an example to illustrate the practical methods concretely. The key steps of the design were presented in detail, and reasonable suggestions about the problems often encountered in the trial, as well as how to balance the internal and external validity, outcome measurement, etc., were offered.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; standards ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Decision Making, Organizational ; Humans

This paper is aim to investigate the pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of neoline in Beagle dogs, and provide a theoretical basis for further study. Ethyl acetate was used for liquid-liquid extracting after 10% ammonia alkalizing. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was established for the determination of neoline plasma concentrations. Beagle dogs were orally or intravenously administered with neoline for pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability study. Good linear relationship of neoline was found over the range of 0.1-4 mg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9982) and 2-100 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.9945). Intra-and inter-day precision, expressed as the relativestandard (RSD) were less than 5.0%. Accuracy, expressed as the relative error (RE) was within 90.0%-115%. The recovery of neoline in dog plasma was more than 80%. After 6 mg x kg(-1) for ig and 1 mg x kg(-1) for iv administration of neoline, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed with Winnonlin software. t(1/2) were (313.88 +/- 63.18), (236.33 +/- 229.84) min, and AUC(0-infinity) were (58,027.40 +/- 14,132.69), (473,578.02 +/- 82,333.08) min x microg x L(-1) for ig and iv administration respectively. The absolute bioavail ability was (73.15 +/- 10.29) %. The method of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS described in the report was sensitive, reliable and specific, and suitable for pharmacokinetic study of neoline in Beagle dog. The high absolute bioavailability of neoline in dog suggested good absorption of neline which was worth of further investigation.
Aconitine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Dogs ; Drug Stability ; Female ; Male

Objective To preliminarily investigate the protective effect of chronic clonorchis sinesis(Cs) infestation against sepsis in Sprague Dawley(SD) rats in order to explore its underlying mechanism.Methods Chronic Cs infestation model of SD rats was reproduced by intra-gastric administration with Cs ova.Twenty rats were randomly(random number) divided into normal group(n=10) and Cs group(n=10).The proportion of differentiation in M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by flow cytometry.The expressions of Arg-1(arginine-1),FIZZ 1,iNOs and TNF-αmRNA were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) procedure was performed to reproduce sepsis model of SD rats.Sixty rats were randomly(random number) divided into control group,SHAM group,CLP group,Mφ+CLP group,Cs-Mφ+CLP group,and Cs-CLP group.The cumulative mortalities were calculated.The pathological changes of the lung tissue in different groups were demonstrated by HE staining.The serum levels of cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by ELISA at 0,24,48 and 72 h after CLP procedure.Results Compared with M1 peritoneal macrophages differentiation in control group(91.9%),rat peritoneal macrophages were activated to M2 differentiation(95.1%) in chronic Cs infection group.RT-PCR assay showed expression of Arg-1 and FIZZ 1 mRNA were higher in M2 macrophages,and on the contrary, the expression of iNOS mRNA expression was higher in M1 macrophages.The expression of TNF-α mRNA in M1 was significantly higher than that in M2, whereas the expression of IL-10 mRNA in M2 was higher than that in M1.The cumulative mortality of septic rats 72 h after CLP procedure were much lower in both chronic Cs infestation group and M2 macrophages adoptive transfer group(CLP group 70%vs.Mφ+CLP group 50%vs.Cs-Mφ+CLP group 30%vs.Cs-CLP group 0%,P<0.05).In these two groups,the pathological damages in lung tissues were significantly improved.The serum level of TNF-α was decreased and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 level was increased significantly in these two groups with Cs compared with other groups.Conclusion M2 macrophages polarization induced by chronic Cs infestation with M2 phenotype gene and expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene play key role in increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines to allerviate organ damage and ameliorating the survival rate in septic rats.