Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of fentanyl on GABAA receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of rat.Methods Pyramidal neurons were acutely isolated from 3-10 day old SD rats of either sex by enzymatic-mechanic method. GABAA receptor mediated currents ( IGABA) were recorded using voltage clamped whole cell patch clamp technique in gap-free mode at the holding potential (VH) of - 50 mV. Current-voltage relationship of IGABA was obtained in ramp protocol ranging from + 30 mV to - 110 mV and lasting for 1 600 ms. Data were collected by using a system consisting of Axopatch 200B patch-clamp amplifier, Pentium Ⅲ computer and Digidata 1200 interface. All experiments were performed at room temperature (22-25℃). Five to twelve neurons were used for each fentanyl concentration. The effects of fentanyl from 1.0 ? 10-5 ?mol?L-1 to 10. 0 ?mol?L-1 were evaluated by the inhibition rate of the peak amplitude of IGABA, the desensitization time constant (?des) of IGABA and the reversal potential (Ecl- ) of IGABA. A ?-opioid receptor selective antagonist CTAP 1 ?mol?L-1 was applied and its effects on fentanyl were recorded. Results (1) GAB A 1-1 000 ?mol?L-1 induced inward currents (IGABA) dose-dependently with an EC50 of 23.73 ?mol?L-1.IGABA induced by GABA 30 ?mol?L-1 was blocked by bicuculline 1 ?mol?L-1. (2) Fentanyl depressed IGABA dose-dependently with EC50 of 0.011 ?mol?L-1 and shortened the rdes of IGABA.(3) The inhibitory effects of fentanyl on IGABA were antagonized by CTAP. (4) Fentanyl 0.01 ?mol?L-1 and CTAP did not influence the reversal potential of IGABA (Ecl- -3.0 mV) .Conclusion Fentanyl inhibits the function of GABAA receptors through ?-opioid receptors in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Hippocampus may play a role in the neuroexcitatory effects of opioids.

Objective To summarize the safety and clinical therapeutic effect of advanced aged coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with angina recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods The clinical data,arteriography and the interventional results of 9 aged patients with angina recurrence treated by CABG were retrospectively analyzed .Results There were 8 patients received intervention ,among them 5 patients received coronary artery intervention , another 3 patients received graft vessels intervention .During operation and hospitaliza-tion,angina recurrence,acute myocardial infarction,revascularization,complication and mortality were not observed in 8 patients who received intervention .All patients were followed up for 12 months,there were 3 patients had angina recurrence and cured by drugs , but had no acute myocardial infarction and revascularization .Conclusion The intervention for advanced aged patients after CABG is a safe and effective treatment .The advanced aged patients with angina recurrence need receive arteriography quickly and receive coronary artery interventional treatment or graft vessels interventional treatment .

Objective To study the changes of bone mineral density(BMD)and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray. Methods Sixty-seven postmenopausal osteoporotic patients were enrolled in our trial. All of them received calcium and vitamin D; 37patients were treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for 12 months and the other 30 patients received calcium and vitamin D only. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)and measurements of a series of bone turnover indices were performed before and after medication for 6 and 12 months. Results After treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 increased but no change occurred in femoral neck. However, after treatment for 12 months, BMD in both lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck increased. In the control group, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 decreased after treatment for 6 and 12 months, but BMD in femoral neck decreased only after 12months. Comparing with the control group, after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck were increased obviously. The level of TRACP-5b and NTX/Cr decreased after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months and 12 months, while BALP increased only after treatment for 12 months. In the control group, BALP decreased after treatment for 12 months. The level of 25-(OH)vitamin D increased after treatment for 6 months and 12 months in both groups. Conclusions Long-term treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray prevents bone loss and may increase bone mass.

Female ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Kidney Calculi ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Male ; Triazines ; toxicity

Ataxia Telangiectasia ; complications ; genetics ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; etiology ; Male ; Sibling Relations

Objective To systematically evaluate the safety of high dose atorvastatin (80 mg daily) in Chinese patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating 80 mg/ d atorvastatin vs. low-dose atorvastatin or placebo or blank were electionically retrieved in date bases of EMbase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, WanFang, CNKI and WeiPu. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5. 2 and Stata 11. 0 software. Results A total of 20 RCTs involving 2282 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed no significant differences betweent the 80 mg/ d atorvastatin group and the control group in the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (RR 1. 53, 95% CI 0. 85-2. 76, P = 0. 16), hepatic adverse events (RR 1. 53, 95% CI 0. 99 - 2. 36, P = 0. 05), muscular adverse events (RR 1. 51, 95% CI 0. 92 -2. 49, P = 0. 10), serious hepatic injuries ( RR 2. 33,95% CI 0. 88 - 6. 20, P = 0. 09) and serious muscular myopathies (RR 1. 40, 95% CI 0. 46 - 4. 30, P = 0. 56). Subgroup analysis by type of cotrast media used and durations of taking 80 mg/ d atorvastatin showed there were higher risks of gastrointestinal adverse events in the 80 mg/ d group when compared to blank control ( RR 4. 22, 95% CI 1. 11 - 16. 04, P = 0. 03). Conclusions The current evidence shows that 80 mg / d atorvastatin may be relatively safe in terms of adverse events in gastrointestinal tract, liver and muscular system, and relatively has risk in causing severe liver injuries and myopathies. With limited quantity and quality from the RCTs available, more high quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of cigarette smoke promotes non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) NCI-H520 cell line proliferation mediated by macrophages with method of blocking NFκB-p65 pathway by RNAi.Methods To co-culture NCI-H520 cells with primary macrophages or U937 cell line,the Transwell Inserts system was used in cell co-culture model.NFκB activation was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blot analysis.U937 cells were transfected with NFκB-p65 shRNA plasmid to abrogate the NFκB activation,by BrdU ELISA,the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) promoted NCI-H520 cells proliferation were assessed,inflammatory factors TNF and IL-6 expressions were analysed by ELISA.Results Exposure of CSE enhanced NFκB-p65 nuclcus translocation and activated the NFκB pathway.CSE did not promote NCI-H520 cells proliferation alone (P ＞ 0.05),but after 4 days coincubation with macrophages,the proliferation of NCI-H520 cells was significantly increased (P ＜0.01),addition of CSE to the co-culture much more enhanced this effect (P ＜ 0.01).After NFκB-p65 was blocked by RNAi,it significantly reduced NFκB-p65 protein expression and inhibited NFκB activation in U937 p65-cells,and markedly inhibited U937 cells induced proliferation of NCI-H520 cells and IL-6,TNF secretion (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Cigarette smoke promotes NCI-H520 cells proliferation mediated by macrophages.Blockade of NFκB pathway with RNAi in macrophages can reduced cigarette smoke induced inflammatory factors secretion in macrophages,and significantly inhibit cigarette smoke promoted tumor proliferation.

Adult ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; blood ; genetics ; Pneumoconiosis ; blood ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To evaluate the influence of fast-track surgery in perioperative period on the clinical outcomes of patients at nutritional risk in respectable esophageal cancer surgery perioperatively.Methods A total of 170 esophageal carcinoma patients receiving radical operation in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2013 were randomly divided into two groups by simple random method (n =85 each):one group was treated with the new concept of FTS-based on nutritional risk screening (FTS group),and the other control group received conventional perioperative management (CPM group).The postoperative first passage of flatus and defecation,time to drainage tube removal,postoperative hospital stay,and morbidity of the postoperative complication were recorded and compared.Results The time to drainage tube removal and length of postoperative hospital stay were significantly lower in the FTS group than those in the CPM group,and the overall postoperative complication rate was 7.06％ (6/85) in the FTS group and 20.00％ (17/85) in the CPM group (all P ＜0.05).In FTS group,the first flatus time was (59.01 ±2.73) h,the first defecation time was (3.35 ± 1.37) d,removing time of chest tube was (2.76 ±0.34) d,and postoperative hospital days was (8.16 ± 0.80) d; in the control group,they were (90.16 ±2.82) h,(4.78 ± 1.74) d,(4.39 ±0.25) d,and (10.93 ± 1.39) d respectively,showing significant differences (all P ＜0.05).The operative time was similar between these two groups.Conclusion The new concept of FTS by nutrition risk screening and intervention apparently can accelerate recovery after esophagngastrectomy,reduce the rate of overall complications,promote bowel function recovery,and decrease morbidity in the perioperative period for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To observe the effect of neuromuscular facilitation technique and swallowing training combined with real-time electrical stimulation on dysphagia after stroke. Methods 50 patients with dysphagia were divided into treatment group (n=25) and control group (n=25).The treatment group accepted neuromuscular facilitation technique and VOCASTIM.The control group accepted routine vocal training and low frequency pulse electrical stimulation. They were assessed with the deglutition function classficaition and water drinking test. Results There was significant improvement in the both groups 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment (P<0.05), and it improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Neuromuscular facilitation technique and swallowing training combined with real-time electrical stimulation can promote the recovery of function of patients with dysphagia after stroke.