This article elucidates the relationship between the human susceptibility to obesity and gene polymorphisms such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)and PPAR?coactivator-1,along with milestones in the formation and development of capacity for fat deposition during evolutionary history of human.An biological evolutionary analysis,identifying factors favoring the energy stores,may be helpful to the development of preventive public health strategies.

Child ; Choristoma ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; pathology ; Thymus Gland ; pathology ; Thymus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe effects of mild moxibustion and lovastatin on immunologic function in rabbits with chronic hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis (AS) to initially explain regulating rules of mild moxibustion on immunologic function.

METHODSAmong thirty-two Japanese male big-ear rabbits, 8 rabbits were randomly selec ted as a blank group, the rest 24 rabbits were fed with method of endothelial injury and high-fat diet to establish AS model. The blank group was raised with normal diet and free water. After ten weeks of model establishment, the rest 24 rabbits were randomly divided into a model group, a moxibustion group and a medicine group, eight rabbits in each one. Moxibustion was applied at "Shenque" (CV 8) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 10 min per acupoint per day in the moxibustion group, while intragastric administration of 3.6 mg/kg lovastatin capsule was applied in the medicine group. After treatment, serum was acquired. Spectrophotometry method was adapted to measure cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and evaluated atherosclerosis index (AI), while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to measure interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).

RESULTS(1) The serum TC and HDL-C in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group, moxibustion group and medicine group (all P < 0.01). The mean value of AI was 1.683 +/- 0.486 in the moxibustion group, which was obviously lower than 20.301 +/- 4.022 in the model group (P < 0.01). (2) The ratio of Th1/Th2 was 0.569 +/- 0.143 in the moxibustion group and 0.445 +/- 0.079 in the medicine group, which were significantly lower than 0.917 +/- 0.255 in the model group (both P < 0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference between the moxibustion group and the medicine group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe moxibustion for AS could reduce atherosclerosis index, influence drift and bias of helper T cell and regulate balance between humoral immunity and cellular immunity. As a result, status of relative balance of immunity is acquired, which could slow down the development of atherosclerosis and process of thrombus burst.

Animals ; Atherosclerosis ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; immunology ; therapy ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Rabbits ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the value of systemic ultrasound examination in prenatal diagnosis of fetus skeletal system anomaly combined with chromosomal abnormalities. Methods In 12 146 patients examined by systemic ultrasound in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from 2006 to 2013, 21 fetus with skeletal system abnormalities and chromosomal abnormalities were included in the study. And the correlation between skeletal system abnormalities and chromosomal abnormalities in fetus was evaluated. Results This study involves 21 cases of abnormal fetal skeletal system combined with chromosomal abnormalities. Among them, there were 5 cases of trisomy-21, 11 cases of trisomy-18, 3 cases of trisomy-13, 1 case of [46, XYt (6, 9)], and 1 case of (46, XY, 6 q-). In 19 cases, other system malformations were found, including nervous system abnormalities, facial deformity, cardiac structural abnormalities and intrauterine retardation. In the rest 2 cases, skeletal system abnormalities were the only structural malformation detected on prenatal ultrasound examination. Conclusion Systemic ultrasound can't only detect fetal skeletal system abnormalities but also provide clues for specific chromosomal abnormalities, which was useful in optimizing prenatal diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo find out the electroencephalogram(EEG)change of the children with language retardation.MethodsThe EEG change and prognosis of 78 cases of language retardation children were analysed and compared with normal ones.ResultsThe EEG abnormal rate of language retardation was 69.3%,while that of the normal children was 10%(P<0.001).Conclusions The EEG is helpful to understand the developmental status of brain functions.

Diving ; Humans ; Otitis Externa ; prevention & control

Objective To prospectively assess the therapeutic procedure and outcome of MR-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy in patients with venous vascular malformations of the extremities. Methods Fifty-seven percutaneous sclerotherapy treatments were performed under MR guidance in 28 patients with venous vascular malformation. Assessment was conducted to analyze (1) individual success of therapy, (2) improvement of clinical symptoms, ( 3 ) occurrence of complications, (4) volume changes at follow-up examinations, (5) contrast-to -noise ration (CNR) changes. Paired-t test was used to compare the volume and CNR of pre- and postintervention. Results All MR-guided percutaneous sclerotherapy were performed successfully and without serious complications. Individual predominant symptoms were improved, especially about the pain and functional impairment. The mean lesion volumes of pre- and post-intervention were (56. 8 ± 11.7 ) cm3 and ( 27.0 ± 7.2 ) cm3 respectively, which showed significant difference ( t = 8. 90, P < 0. 01 ). The percentage of volume shrinkage ranged from 28. 5% to 74. 4% [ mean ( 54. 4 ± 5. 3 ) % ]. The CNR of the pre and post-interventional images were 21.9 ± 2. 0 and 8.4 ± 0. 9 respectively. There was significant difference(t = 21.76, P < 0.01 ) between them, and the percentages of CNR decrease were 40.0% to 78. 0% [ the mean(61.0 ± 3.6)%]. Conclusion MR-guided sclerotherapy of venous vascular malformations of the extremities is a safe and efficient technique.

Objective To investigate the application value of MR rthrography (MRA) in the diagnosis of acetabular labral tears. Methods Fifteen patients with a high degree of suspected acetabular labral tears received fluoroscope-guided injection of the contrast media into the hip joint ( hip arthrography) and fat-saturated spin-echo T1-weighted images were obtained in the coronal, sagittal, oblique-axial and radial planes. Hip arthroscopy was performed on 12 of them. Results Labral tears which were diagnosed in 11 patients by hip MRA were confirmed at hip arthroscopy. One patient showed no MRA indication of labral tear, also showed normal on arthroscopy. Tear in the anterior-superior quadrant 10 cases of 12 joints ( 12/13), posterior-superior quadrant 1 case of a joint (1/13). In 11 patients who underwent arthroscopy, hip MRA diagnosed 3 (3/13) joints labral tears in coronal planes, 10 (10/13) joints in sagittal planes and 13 (13/13) labral tears in axial-oblique and radial planes. In 15 patients with 20 hip joints, 5 cases 6 joints (6/20) with normal acetabular sublabral sulcus were performed. Conclusions MR arthrography of hip is a reliable method in the diagnosis of acetabular labral tears. Scanning method should be included fat-saturated spin-echo T1-weighted images in sagittal and oblique-axial planes or sagittal plus radial planes. The diagnosis of tor posterior-inferior quadrant should pay attention to the existence of a normal variation.

Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Poisoning ; complications ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory System ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Time Factors

Background and purpose:Cancer microenvironment has become a hot topic of cancer research. It is important in the initiation of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to discuss the correlation between the characteristics of tissue culturein vitro and different cell types in cancer microenvironment.Methods:Samples were collected at different distances from the colorectal cancer lesions, which were named as positions 1, 2 and 3 from distal to proximal. Tissues were cut into 1-2 mm3 forin vitro culturing. HE staining was used to observe the structure of crypts. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Cyclin D1 (CD1), CD133, cytokeratin18 (CK18), vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).Results:Position 3 grew faster than position 2 and position 1. As getting closer to the colorectal cancer lesions, expressions of CD1, CD133, vimentin and α-SMA were increased while expression of CK18 was decreased.Conclusion:The tissue structure and the expression of different cell types in cancer microenvironment changed more seriously as get-ting closer to the colorectal cancer lesions. This indicated that the change of cancer microenvironment may contribute to the initiation of colorectal cancer.