OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of 3 types of antihypertensive drugs on cognitive function in elderly hyper-tensive patients after acetabular surgery. METHODS:Ninety hypertensive patients receiving antihypertensive drugs for a long term (not changed antihypertensive drugs within 2 weeks before surgery)undergoing selective acetabular surgery were included sequen-tially and divided into angiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)group,angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)group and cal-cium channel blocker(CCB)group according to the types of antihypertensive drugs,with 30 cases in each group. All patients re-ceived acetabular surgery under epidural anesthesia. The cognitive function of patients was evaluated by using MMSE 1 d before sur-gery(T0),1 d after surgery(T2)and 3 d after surgery(T3). The concentration of S100β protein serum was determined 1d before surgery (T0),immediately after surgery (T1) and 1 d after surgery (T2). RESULTS:Compared with T0,MMSE score of ARB group at T2,those of ACEI group and CCB group at T2 and T3 were decreased significantly,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with ARB group,MMSE score of ACEI group and CCB group at T2,T3 were decreased significantly,with statistical sig-nificance(P<0.05). Compared with ACEI group,MMSE score of CCB group at T2,T3 were decreased significantly,with statisti-cal significance(P<0.05). Compared with T0,the concentration of S100β protein in serum 3 groups were increased significantly, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with ARB group,the concentration of S100β protein serum in ACEI group and CCB group were increased significantly,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with ACEI group,the concentration of S100β protein serum in CCB group at T1,T2 were increased significantly,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The incidence of cognitive dysfunction was in ascending order of ARB group (30%)

To observe the effects of total flavones of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng (TFM) on volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy and the expression of c-Fos protein in rat. Methods　Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy of rat was induced by aortocaval shunts. The rats were given ig TFM (400, 40 and 4 mg/kg/d). c-Fos protein in the ventricles were measured by immunocytochemical study. Results　TFM at the above dosage decreased heart weight and contents of RNA and protein in the myocardium, inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in the ventricles. Conclusion　TFM can prevent volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy in rats. The inhibitory effects on the expression of c-Fos protein may be its mechanism in the molecular level.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of rhodiola on expression of vascular endothelial growth factors receptors (VEGFR) in myocardium of rats after myocardial infarction.

METHODSOn the basis of successful establishment of myocardial infarction rat model, the experimental animals were divided into the model group, the rhodiola group, the positive control group and the sham-operated group, they were sacrificed after 6 weeks feeding. Their hearts were resected and embedded in paraffin to make sections with standard immunohistochemistry stain. Then the stained slices were analyzed in the IMS cell imagine analysis system using immunohistochemical quantitative analysis software. The field of vision of left ventricular myocardial tissue in three sites selected from the marginal area of infarction in each slice were determined, the mean value was then converted to positive area. Meanwhile, the mean optical density (OD) was calculated and the various expressions of VEGFR, i.e. Flt-1, KDR and angiopoietin receptor (Tie-2) were measured.

RESULTSThe expressions of Flt-1 and Tie-2 in myocardial tissue were significantly increased in the rhodiola treated group after treatment, showing significant difference as compared with those in the positive control group and the model group (P < 0.05). The expression of KDR in myocardium after rhodiola intervention was higher than that in the sham-operated and nonintervened group (P < 0.05), but insignificantly different to that in the positive control group and model group.

CONCLUSIONRhodiola could improve angiogenesis to ameliorate myocardial ischemia by regulating the expression of Flt-1 and Tie-2 in ischemic myocardium.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rhodiola ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective: To understand home-based physical exercise of primary and secondary school students in the main urban area of Chongqing during the peviod of coronarirus outbreak, and to provide reference for the rapid development of physical health and development of primary and secondary school students. Methods: A network questionnaire survey of 4 200 students in 14 primary and secondary schools in 7 districts of Chongqing City were selected by using stratified clustering method. Results: During the epidemic outbreak,for primary and secondary school students in the main urban area of Chongqing, the weekly online physical education courses of students accounted for 57.97% of the total poorticipants, daily eye exercise students accounted for 81.47%, weekly home exercise of more than 3 times accounted for 22.50%, physical exercise lasting for more than 1 h accounted for 14.47% which differed by gender and study period(χ2=51.48, 17.03, 38.85, 29.52; 618.74, 132.14, 187.26, 54.10, P<0.05). About 50.11% of students have mastered 3 or more sports skills, 83.09% of students participate in online physical fitness study; Which differed in gender and study period(χ2=11.83, 6.25; 172.15, 228.51, P<0.05). 34.45% of parents in home physical exercise support accompanying students to participate in home exercise, 45.95% of parents support students to participate in home exercise but not accompany the exercise, 14.95% of parents attitude is not clear, 4.65% of parents do not support students to participate in home exercise, 14.93% of families set up home exercise program,all of which differed significantly by gender and study period(χ2=43.12, 228.35, P<0.01). Conclusion Home-based physical exercise behavior is low during the coronavirus outbreak in Chongqing primary and secondary school students, and it is necessary to increase the cooperative education of home schools to promote the formation of students’ physical exercise habits.

BACKGROUNDPatients with maxillary tumor often suffer from trismus after maxillectomy, which could turn out to be a permanent sequela without proper intervention. In this study, the efficacy of mouth opening exercises in preventing and treating trismus was observed in patients with maxillary tumor early after their operations. At the same time, radiotherapy as an influencing factor for the mouth opening exercises was evaluated.

METHODSIn this study, 22 patients with maxillary oncology began their mouth opening exercises at an early stage (1-2 weeks) after maxillectomy. They were divided into two groups based on the principle of voluntariness: 11 patients in group 1 chose TheraBites as their instruments of mouth opening exercises, and the other 11 in group 2 chose stacked tongue depressors to help their exercises. All participants were trained to exercise 3-5 times a day, 30-40 oscillations at one time, with a 2-second pause at their maximum possible mouth open position. The maximal interincisor distances (MID) of patients were measured and recorded by a single investigator every week after the beginning of the mouth opening exercises. Medical information and the responses of patients were also recorded. Initial and final MIDs were calculated by SPSS 13.0.

RESULTSThe changes of the mouth aperture every week during exercises in both groups were described in figures, and there were statistical increases in the final MIDs compared with the initial ones. However, no significant differences were achieved between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). Radiotherapy seemed to have no negative impact on the mouth opening results during the exercises.

CONCLUSIONPhysical mouth opening exercises should be executed early after maxillectomy for the prevention and treatment of trismus, especially for those who had radiotherapy as part of antitumor treatments.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; physiopathology ; Muscle Stretching Exercises ; instrumentation ; methods ; Trismus ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds owning the similar physiological structure of ECM, and to observe its biodegradation behavior in vivo and in vitro.

METHODS(1) The PVA nanofibrous scaffold and PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffold were fabricated by electrospinning technique, and then they were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde vapor method. The morphology of both scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). (2) Biodegradation experiment in vitro: the samples of two scaffolds with size of 2 cm x 2 cm were placed into phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) fluid under 37.0 degrees C water for incubation, and then they were dried to observe morphologic changes under SEM on post incubation day (PID) 3, 7, and 14. (3) Biodegradation experiment in vivo: 48 Wistar rats were divided into PVA group and PVA/chitosan group according to the random number table, with 24 rats in each group. PVA or PVA/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold was implanted into subcutaneous tissue on both sides of back in rats of both groups, with 4 scaffolds in each rat. The scaffold samples were harvested to observe morphologic changes with HE staining on post operation day (POD) 3, 7, 14, and 28.

RESULTS(1) After crosslinking, the surface of fibers in PVA and PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds were smooth, and the diameters of fibers were similar, ranging from 200 to 300 nm, with high porosity. (2) Biodegradation experiment in vitro showed that the morphologic changes in fiber was respectively swelling, dissolution, fusion in PVA nanofibrous scaffold on PID 3, 7, 14, and that in PVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffold was respectively swelling, dissolution and fragmentation, and disappearance. (3) Biodegradation experiment in vivo showed that the morphologic changes in scaffold structure was respectively loosening, fuzziness of edges, degradation, and disappearance in PVA group and PVA/chitosan group on POD 3, 7, 14, 28.

CONCLUSIONSPVA/chitosan hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds can be prepared with electrospinning technique, and it has an appropriate biodegradation rate compatible with tissue reconstruction after crosslinking.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cells, Cultured ; Chitosan ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Materials Testing ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective:To evaluate the effect of parecoxib sodium on the incidence and severity of postoperative hoarseness and sore throat in general anaesthesia patients.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients,with ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 20-60 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,undergoing general anesthesia were randomly allocated to parecoxib sodium group or normal saline group equally.In parecoxib sodium group,parecoxib sodium 40 mg was infused during induction of anesthesia,while the equal volume of 0.9％ normal saline was given instead in normal saline group.Anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam (0.05 mg/kg),sufentanyl (0.2-0.3 μg/kg),rocuronium (0.7 mg/kg) and propofol (2.0 mg/kg) and mechanical ventilation was applied after tracheal intubation in both groups.The incidence and severity of postoperative hoarseness and sore throat were evaluated 1,2,6,and 8 h after surgery.Results:Compared with normal saline group,the incidence and severity of postoperative hoarseness were significantly reduced by parecoxib sodium at 1,2,and 6 h time points in parecoxib sodium group (P＜0.05),except for time point of 8 h.The incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat was significantly reduced at 1,2,6,and 8 h time points in parecoxib sodium group,compared with normal saline group (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Parecoxib sodium provides efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of postoperative hoarseness and sore throat in short term after surgery.

This study is to investigate the effects of phenytoin sodium, lidocaine (sodium channel blockers), propranolol (beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist), amiodarone (drugs prolonging the action potential duration) and verapamil (calcium channel blockers) on arrhythmia of mice induced by Bufonis Venenum (Chansu) and isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu. Arrhythmia of mice were induced by Chansu and then electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded. The changes of P-R interval, QRS complex, Q-T interval, T wave amplitude, heart rate (HR) were observed. Moreover, arrhythmia rate, survival rate and arrhythmia score were counted. Isolated mouse hearts were prefused, and the lethal dose of Chansu was recorded. Compared with control group, after pretreatment with phenytoin sodium, broadening of QRS complex and HR were inhibited, and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was reduced dramatically, while survival rate was improved; the isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu was increased significantly. After pretreatment with lidocaine, the prolongation of P-R interval and broadening of QRS complex were inhibited, and the incidences of ventricular arrhythmia were reduced dramatically, while survival rate was improved; the isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu was increased significantly. After pretreatment with propranolol, prolongation of P-R interval, broadening of QRS complex, prolongation of Q-T interval and HR were inhibited, and the incidences of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were reduced dramatically, while survival rate was improved. After pretreatment with amiodarone, HR was inhibited, the incidences of ventricular tachycardia were reduced dramatically. Lastly, after pretreatment with verapamil, the prolongation of P-R interval and Q-T interval were inhibited and the incidences of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were reduced dramatically; the isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu was reduced significantly. In in vivo experiments, phenytoin sodium was most effective against the mice arrhythmias induced by Chansu while cautious use of verapamil for Chansu inducing arrhythmia should be noted. It is also concluded that mice ventricular arrhythmias induced by Chansu might be most closely related to sodium channel, supraventricular arrhythmias might be related to beta-adrenergic receptor, and calcium channel plays an important role in conduction block. In in vitro experiments, phenytoin sodium was most effective, followed by lidocaine and propranolol, and amiodarone had no obvious effect and verapamil reduced the lethal dose of Chansu.
Amiodarone ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; pharmacology ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Bufanolides ; toxicity ; Electrocardiography ; drug effects ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Lidocaine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Phenytoin ; pharmacology ; Propranolol ; pharmacology ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the function and possible mechanisms of PIAS3 expression on the invasion of TJ905 cells.

METHODSPIAS3 overexpression vectors were constructed and PIAS3 siRNA were chemically synthesized, which were separately transfected into TJ905 cells for upregulation or downregulation of PIAS3 expression levels in TJ905 cells. After that, the invasive effects of TJ905 cells were measured by Transwell assay, and the expression of PIAS3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)3, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 were identified by Western blot.

RESULTSIn vitro transfection efficiency of plasmids and oligonucleotides were separately 85.3% ± 3.1% and 95.1% ± 2.9%. PIAS3 overexpression plasmid transfection in vitro could effectively improve the expression of PIAS3 protein in TJ905 cells and inhibit the invasion of TJ905 cells (P < 0.05), and cell penetration ratio reduced from 87.9% ± 9.3% to 37.3% ± 7.9% compared with control group, while it upregulated TIMP3 and downregulated MMP-2, MMP-9 protein expression (P < 0.05); PIAS3 siRNA transfection could inhibit the PIAS3 protein expression of TJ905 cells and promote the invasion of TJ905 cells (P < 0.05), and cell penetration ratio increased from 83.9% ± 7.1% to 93.2% ± 3.1% compared with control group, while it downregulated TIMP3 and upregulated MMP-2, MMP-9 protein expression (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPIAS3 expression is closely related to the invasion properties of glioma TJ905 cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Glioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of glycyrrhizae's incompatibility against″zao-ji-sui-yuan″(Sargassum, Euphorbia pekinensis,Euphorbia kansui and Daphne genkwa) in TCM ″Shibafan″,from the perspective of intestinal tissue permeability in vitro .METHODS Ussing chamber technique was used to observe the effect of Sargassum,Euphorbia pekin-ensis,Euphorbia kansui and Daphne genkwa,combined with glycyrrhizae on ileum tissue permeability in rats in vitro ,with FITC-dextran 4 kDa(FD4) and FITC-dextran 40 kDa(FD40)as indicators.RESULTS Glycyrrhizae and Daphne genkwa sig-nificantly increased the permeability of FD4 in ileum tissue,while Euphorbia pekinensis and Euphorbia kansui showed little im-pact.Compared with glycyrrhizae group,the FD4 permeability significantly decreased after Sargassum,Euphorbia pekinensis, Euphorbia kansui and Daphne genkwa combined with glycyrrhizae.Remarkable effects were not found in glycyrrhizae,Sargas-sum and Euphorbia kansui groups on FD40 permeability,while Euphorbia pekinensis and Daphne genkwa groups significantly increased.FD40 permeability was found unchanged or slightly decreased after glycyrrhizae was combined with Euphorbia pe-kinensis and Daphne genkwa,while FD40 permeability significantly increased after glycyrrhizae was combined with Sargassum and Euphorbia kansui.CONCLUSION ″Zao-ji-sui-yuan″ hinders the improvement effect of glycyrrhizae on intestinal permea-bility,which is likely to be one of the mechanisms of incompatibility.On the other hand,Euphorbia pekinensis and Daphne genkwa can damage in vitro intestinal barrier function obviously,but not improve significantly after combined with glycyrrhi-zae.Sargassum and Euphorbia kansui effect little on in vitro intestinal barrier function,but damage obviously after combined with glycyrrhizae.Above all,the changes of intestinal bypass transport capacity and barrier function after combining″zao-ji-sui-yuan″ with glycyrrhizae,possibly lead to toxicity or decreased effect in certain conditions.