Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-5B ; biosynthesis ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Sinusitis ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the accuracy of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) in reflecting arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) during mechanical ventilation via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children. Methods Fifty-two ASA Ⅰ patients, aged 2-9 yr, weighing 10-30 kg, undergoing orthopaedic surgery under general anesthesia, were randomized into 2 groups (n = 26 each) : LMA group and endotracheal tube (ETT) group. After anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, propofol and succinycholine, LMA or ETT was inserted and the children were mechanically ventilated. After the hemodynamics was stable, arterial blood samples were obtained to detect PaCO2, and PETCO2 was recorded simultaneously. Results There was no significant difference in PaCO2 and PCT CO, between groups LMA and ETT ( P ＞ 0.05) . There was no significant difference between PaCO2 and PETCO2 in LMA group (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion When mechanical ventilation is performed via LMA in children, PETCO2 can reliably reflect PaCO2 and guide the regulation of ventilatory parameters.

Background Epithelial-mesenchymaltransition (EMT)isamajorcontributortothe pathogenesis of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a zinc finger protein,which can be stimulated by high glucose in proximal tubule cells and involved in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)induced EMT of diabetic nephropathy.ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate the effect of high glucose on the expression of KLF6 and its target genes( TGFB1,TGFBR1,COLIA1,HSP47) in human lens epithelial cells (LECs).MethodsHuman LECs(SRA01/04) were cultured and exposed to different concentration of glucose.The expressions of KLF6 mRNA and protein were analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction( real time PCR) and western blot after treatment with high glucose.The expressions of KLF6 target genes were analyzed by real time PCR to evaluate the EMT of SRA01/04 cells.ResultsCompared with the control group(5.5 mmol/L),the relative mRNA levels of t-KLF6 and wt-KLF6 in SRA01/04 treated with high glucose(22.2,44.4,66.6 mmol/L) increased obviously (F =72.53,42.02,P＜0.01 ).Then,the concentration of 22.2 mmol/L was used in the next experiments.The relative mRNA levels of t-KLF6 and wt-KLF6 increased to the peaks after treatment with high glucose for 12 h,and began to decrease after 24 h until lower levels after 48 h ( F =100.12,125.52,P ＜ 0.01 ).Western blot showed that the expression of KLF6 protein was also upregulated by high glucose treatment.With the promotion of the expression of KLF6 gene,the relative mRNA levels of TGFB1,TGFBR1,COLlAl and HSP47 of treated cells also respectively increased after treatment for 12 h,and began to decrease after 24 h until nearly at the levels of the control groups after 48 h( F=6.73,162.35,64.39,12.05,P＜0.05 ).ConclusionsIt was concluded that high glucose induced the expression of KLF6 in human LECs,and KLF6 transiently stimulated the expression of target genes TGFB1,TGFBRl,COLlAl and HSP47 which were mainly involved in the mechanism of EMT.

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics in primary hyper(-) parathyroid hormone (PHPT) of the different patholog-ic types. Methods:Clinical data of 140 patients with PHPT proved by operation and pathology during January 2010 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:A total of 140 PHPT patients, including 13 (9.29%) cases of parathyroid carcinoma (PC), 27 (19.29%) cases of parathyroid hyperplasia (PH), and 100 (71.43%) cases of parathyroid adenoma (PA). The duration of the PC group was longer than the PH group and the duration of the parathyroid adenoma (PH) group was longer than the PA group (P<0.05). The percentage of young patients with PC was higher than in the other two groups (P=0.003). The diameters of the PC group were larger than those of the other two groups, and those of the PA group were larger than those of the PH groups (P<0.05). Blood calcium, parathyroid hor-mone (PTH), AKP, fasting blood glucose (FBG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamete transpepti-dase (GGT), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatine (CRE), urinary calcium, and phosphorus of the PC group were higher than in the oth-er two groups (P<0.05). The blood calcium, PTH, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), urinary calcium of the PH group were lower than those in PA group (P<0.05). The proportion of ostalgia was 46.15%(6/13), 44.44%(12/27), and 49.00%(49/100). No statistical difference was observed (P>0.05). The postoperative calcium level of PC group was lowest (P<0.001), and the highest was of PTH (P<0.001). The pro-portions of clinical manifestation of the urinary system, digestive system, and nervous system in the PC group were 76.92%(10/13), 76.92%(10/13), and 15.38%(2/13), respectively, and these values were the highest in the three groups (P<0.05). The proportion of the clinical manifestation of the urinary system of the PH group was higher than that of the PA group. The fracture rate (30.77%, 4/13) and constipation rate (38.46%, 5/13) of the PC group were the highest among the three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:The duration of patients with PC was the longest among the three groups. The percentage of young patients with PC was the highest. The abnormal parathyroid glands in the PC group were the heaviest. The PC group exhibited the lowest postoperative calcium level and the highest PTH level. The biochemistry and clinical manifestations of PC were obvious.

The status quo of American informatics nurses investigated 4 times by US HIMSS from 2004 to 2014 was analyzed.The following characteristics of American informatics nurses were summarized in terms of their educa-tion level, income, qualification authentication, occupation satisfaction, work experience and duties, including high education level and interdisciplinary background, high income and occupation satisfaction, necessary clinical background, and systematic professional development, which may provide reference for nursing staff in China to have a better understanding of informatics nurse.

0.05).Our data also showed no significant association between the genotypes and the severity of the disease.One-way ANOVA showed that BDNF genotype had no association to the age of onset for developing AD.Conclusions Our results indicate that Va166Met SNP in BDNF gene is not associated with AD.

Objective To investigate water fluoride content and the current status of water-improving project in Jining,Shandong Province in 2005.Methods Water fluoride content and the status of water-lmprovlng project were havestigated in Bencheng Ditrict,Liangshan and Jiaxiang Couties of Jining City.The fluoride content in drinking warer was assessed by F-ion selective electrode.Results Water fluoride contents of 671 fluorosis villages were determined.One hundred and seventy villages had water fluoride content less than or equal to 1.00 mg/L(accounting for 25.34%)and 501 villages water fluoride content higher that 1.00 mg/L(accounting for 74.66%),with the highest being 11.33 mg/L.Four hundred and ninty.seven projects were surveyed,in which 161 Projects were discarded (accounting for 32.39%),334 projeets worked well(accounting for 67.20%),and 2 pmjects worked fitfully(accounting 0.40%).Two hundreds and eighty-one projects had water fluoride content≤1.00 ms/L and 55 projects had water fluofide cantent>1.00 mg/L(aceounting for 26.82%),with the highest being 4.28 ms/L.Conclusions The situation of endemic fluorosis control is still serious in Jining City.Countermeasures for endemic fluorosis must be carried out as sppm as possible and surveillance of water-improving and defluoridation projects must be strevIsthend.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Larynx ; pathology ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the changes of pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility in a respiratory ward.Methods All pathogens isolated from patients in a respiratory ward from 2001 to 2005 and the drug susceptibility results were retrospectively analyzed.For patients with more than 1 isolates of the same species, only the first strain of pathogen was included for analysis. The isolation and identification procedure was based on guidelines for national clinical laboratories.The susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method.WHONET 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 876 strains were analyzed.The majority was gram negative bacteria.MRSA prevalence was 72.4% and showed a trend of increase.No vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus was detected.Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly resistant to macrolides.The non-sensitivity rate to penicillin was 25.5%-66.7% over years.The resistance rate to levofloxacin was 22.2%-27.3%.Enterobacter and Acinetobacter baumannii showed stable susceptibility to imipenem.ESBLs-producing Esche- richia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 33.3%-38.9% and 14.3%-19.2% respectively.P.aeruginosa strains were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime, amikaein, cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime. The sensitivity rate was 87%, 82.6%, 78.3%, 73.9%, 73.9% and 71.4% respectively in 2005.Conclusions The changes of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in the respiratory ward were consistent with the surveillance data in this country, which were influenced by underlying diseases, severity of illness and antibiotic use.Our data are useful for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To identify changes in the occurrence of endemic fluorosis in order to provide scientific basis for making countermeasures. Methods Five villages from 14 counties of mild, moderate and severe fluorosis affected areas were selected by stratified cluster sampling every year in the whole province during 2006 - 2010. Water and urinary fluorine were determined by ion selective electrode method(GB/T 8538-1995); dental fluorosis of children 8-12 years old was diagnosed with Dean method; skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to "clinical indexing standards of endemic skeletal fluorosis "(GB 16396-1996), between 2006 and 2008, and "clinical diagnosis standard of endemic skeletal fluorosis"(WS 192-2008) between 2009 and 2010. Results A total of 25 diseased villages were surveyed, 14 with water sources changed, covered a resident population of 8005 people, beneficiary population 7154, and accounting for 89.37% of the resident population; not changed villages 11. In accordance with the "State drinking water health standards", in the 14 changed villages the fluoride in drinking water was qualified (≤ 1.20 mg/L), there were 3 schools whose water fluorine content exceeded the standard; among the 11 villages that did not change water sources 7 drinking water samples fluorine content exceeded the standard. Of the 8 to 12 years old children in villages with changed water sources, 363 of them were checked and 142 dental fluorosis were found, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 39.12% (142/363); in villages with water sources not changed, 303 children were checked, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.89%(133/303). Of sixteen and elder adults in water source changed villages, 6424 people were checked and 403 skeletal fluorosis were found, skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 6.27% (403/6424); 3572 people were checked in not changed villages, the detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 13.89%(496/3572). In water sources changed areas, geometric mean of urinary fluoride was in the normal reference value(WS/T 256-2005, 1.40 mg/L)or less. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is decreased in water improved areas, but in unimproved areas the disease is still severe, and control of endemic fluorosis is still an arduous task.