The emphasis and basic target of medical education is to cultivate medical students with high qualities. The qualities of medical students include professional ethics, self-cultivation, medical knowledge and physical-psychological quality, which is critical to the medical education. It has been proven that the teaching of Clinical Pathway is one of the most important factors to promote the improvement of comprehensive qualities of medical students.

Ophthalmology is a clinical course which requires students to have practical skills. The traditional clinical teaching method lacks varied means resulting in unsatisfactory teaching effects. Application of multimedia technology not only changes the teaching model, enriches the teaching contents but also improves the quality of ophthalmology teaching. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of multimedia application in clinical teaching based on our practice, the paper raises some methods for improvment in order to achieve the best teaching effects.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; genetics ; metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Polyploidy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of paclitaxel on the intimal proliferation in rat aortic allografts and the possible mechanism on preventing graft arteriosclerosis.Methods Thirty-two inbred(Wista)r rats and 16 SD rats were divided into three groups:the isografts control group(Wistar/Wistar),the(allografts) control group ((Wistar)/SD) and test group(Wistar/SD) randomly(16 rats each groups).The rat abdominal aortic allograft model was used.The rats in test group were treated with paclitaxel after operation and those in control group with(0.9 %) normal saline.The grafts were removed and measured by means of pathology and immunohistochemistry 30 days later.Results The results showed that the thickness of the(aortic) intima,the degree of inflammatory cells infiltration in adventitia,stenosis ratio and the expression of(PCNA) were decreased in test group as compared with the allografts control group.Conclusions Paclitaxel can inhibit intimal proliferation in aortic allografts and prevent the graft arteriosclerosis.The mechanism is related to inhibition of vascular smooth(muscle) cell proliferation and alleviation of aortic allografts rejection.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 12-lead Holter monitoring for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with inferior myocardial ischemia. Methods Ninety-six patients with CHD had accepted coronary angiography (CAG) and 12-lead Holter examination. Results The sensitivity for detecting inferior myocardial ischemia in 12-lead Holter monitoring was 64.91%, the specificity 53.85%, and the positive detecting value 67.20%. In 12-lead Holter monitoring, inferior myocardial ischemia was recorded in 20% of only RCA lesion group, and in 70.37% of double -vessel lesion group, and in 80% of three-vessel lesion group.Conclusion 12-lead Holter monitoring is of some value to evaluate the inferior myocardial ischemia in CHD patients, but other clinical data should be considered.

Objective To study the incidence and the effect of intracoronary stenting for spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). Methods Data from coronary angiography performed in 2?216 patients were analyzed to discover SCAD. Intracoronary stents were implanted in the patients with SCAD suited for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin or low molecular weight heparin were used on demand during the operation-around period. Results Twenty-six cases of SCAD [19 males, 7 females, mean age (60.9?11.6) years] were discovered. The incidence was 1.17%. Among the 26 patients, 15 suffered from acute myocardial infarction and 11 unstable angina. SCAD occurred in 28 blood vessels of the 26 cases, of which, 1 was in LM, 9 in LAD, 4 in LCX and 14 in RCA. Twenty-three stents were implanted in 19 coronary arteries of 18 patients (15 stentings after PTCA and 4 direct stentings). After PCI, remaining stenosis of one SCAD lesion was

Objective To study the mechanism of CKLF1-plasmid transfer on the myocardial repair in rat AMI models.Methods Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and in each separate group,the rats were injected intramuscalary with plasmid DNA encoding CKLF1 gene(n=6),emptyplasmid(n=6)and saline(n=6)with in vivo electroporation respectively.Rats were subjected to left coronary artery ligation on the 6th day after gene transfer and were killed on the 21st day.The expressions of BrdU/?-actin,Ki67/?-actin were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results BrdU-positive cells in CKLF1 group were more than those in the saline group and the empty plasmid group(cells/HP)(33.11?2.10 vs.14.16?1.63 & 18.46?2.77,P0.05).Conclusion Intramuscular injection with in vivo electroporation of CKLF1 may cause an enhanced myocardial proliferation of acute myocardial infarction tissue in experimental rat.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum adiponectin level and severity of coronary artery disease.Methods We measured the serum concentrations of adiponectin in 135 patients whom had received CAG.The severity of coronary artery lesion was evaluated by Gensini score,the number of stenosis vessel and clinical manifestation.Results The serum concentrations of adiponectin in Gensini score 0 group(74.53?30.76 ng/mL)and score 40 group(28.96?11.87 ng/mL)(P40 group were lower than those in score 20-40 group(P

Objective To investigate the impacts of long cold ischemic preservation time on the ultrastructural changes of donor heart and to provide the data for expanding the heart donor pool. Methods Heart was obtained from brain dead donor and preserved in the the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4℃. Cardiac tissues were harvested at different time points of cold ischemic preservation (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 h) and observed under electron miscroscope. Results Donor heart did not have significant pathologied and ultrastructural changes when cold ischemic preservation time was 6 h. After that, time related impairment of myocardia and endothelium of coronary artery was seen.When ischemic time was longer than 12 h, focal myocardial necrosis and complete loss of the endothelium were detected. Conclusions Myocardial ultrastructure is an important index to evaluate the donor heart quality. Heart, which underwent 10 h of cold ischemia preservation time, causes no significant irreversible and pathological ultrastructural changes, and could be used for heart transplantation. When ischemia time was over 10 h, the donor heart presented with irreversible change and was nolonger unsuitable for transplantation.

Objective To investigate roles of superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) /serine/ threonine protein kinase (AKT) signal transduction pathway in protection of propofol on spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury (SCIRI) in rabbit model before and after ischemia. Methods Sixty Japanese male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20),namely sham-operation group (Group S),ischemia-reperfusion group (Group I/ R) and ischemia-reperfusion group with propofol treatment (Group P). Abdominal aorta of the rabbits in group I/ R and group P were blocked by clamp for 40 min and then the clamp was removed. Propofol (30 mg·kg-1 ) was intravenously infused 10 min before blocking the aorta and at the time of reperfusion. Normal saline was intravenously infused at the same time points in the other two groups. Four rabbits of each group were randomly executed 1,2,3,5,7 days after surgery. Spinal cord tissues at L3-L4 levles were harvested. Bioactivity of SOD1 was detected by ELISA and mRNA expression levels of SOD1,PI3K and AKT were detected by RT-PCR. Results On the 1st day after the surgery,the bioactivity of SOD1 increased significantly in Group I/ R and Group P as compared with that in Group S (P<0. 05). On the 2nd day,compared with Group S,the bioactivity of SOD1 increased significantly in Group P (P<0. 05),but there was no change in Group I/ R (P>0. 05). On the 3rd,the 5th and the 7th day,compared with Group S,the bioactivity of SOD1 decreased significantly in Group I/ R (P<0. 05),but there was no change in Group P (P>0. 05). Linear regression analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between the changes of SOD1 activity and the mRNA expression of SOD1,PI3K and AKT respectively in spinal cord tissues. Conclusion Pre- and post-ischemic conditioning with propofol shows potent protective effects against SCIRI in the rabbit model. The mechanisms may be related to increased expression of SOD1 in the spinal cord tissues by activating PI3K/ AKT signal transduction pathway.