Objective: To study the influence of ablated cardiac fat pad on atrial fibrillation induced by a single extra-stimulus in dogs. Metbods: Twenty-two dogs were anesthetized and their chest cavity was openned through a median sternotomy (2 dogs died of fibrillation immediately after opening) to expose the 3 cardiac fat pads: the medial superior vena cava and aortic root fat pad (SVC-Ao FP), the right pulmonary vein-atrial junction fat pad (RPV FP), and the inferior vena cava-left atrial junction fat pad (IVC-LA fat pad). The atrial effective refractory period (AERP), dispersion of AERP (dAERP), and pulmonary vein effective refractory period (PVERP) were measured under baseline and after ablation of the 3 fat pads. The left superior pulmonary veins were stimulated by S1S1 bursting stimulation and S1S2 program stimulation to induce atrial fibrillation before and after ablation. Results: After ablation, AERP increased from (137±16) ms to (147±16) ms and PVERP increased from (131±14) ms to (141+9) ms, while dAERP decreased from (17.0±4.6) ms to (12.0±4.3) ms (P<0.05). After ablation, S1S1 cycle length decreased from (173+25) ms to (145±21) ms when used for restimulation after ablation (P<0.05 ). S1S2 could not induce AF again. Conclusion: Ablation of the 3 cardiac fat pad can influence the electrical remodeling of the atrial and the pulmonary vein, which may hamper the induction of atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND:At the beginning of the 20th century a strength training method in the backward direction appeared:hip stress strength training method. There are many articles focusing on the concept, function, effect and mechanism of this training method. So far, relevant research has formed a unique branch of special strength training research directions.
OBJECTIVE:To conclude the concept, function, effect, features and mechanisms of hip stress technical strength training through the systematic analysis of literature concerning hip stress strength training. METHODS:CNKI (1998/2010) and Wanfang databases were searched by the first author for relevant articles. The keywords were“hip stress, strength training, trajectory control, exercise training, muscle strength, knee, physical fitness, bone”in Chinese and English. The obtained data were summarized using contrast method and logic analysis method.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 90 papers were retrieved, and final y 34 papers were included. The results showed that the hip technical strength training method is the most effective training method currently to cultivate the running, jumping and throwing back pedaling force after hip extension forces. It has a new training idea and special training equipments, which can effectively solve many sports difficulties in strength training and technical training and has the vital significance for the high-level sports training, skil s assessment and sports teaching. Hip stress special technical strength training research has formed a special research branch of special strength trainings, which wil play a more significant research role.

Objective To investigate the value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) on evaluating the renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods 117 patients diagnosed with IgAN,and 80 normal cases were examined with conventional ultrasonography and ARFI,recording the shear wave velocities(SWV),the hemodynamics and the renal biopsy results to quantify the elastic changes of renal cortex,with the aim of assessing AFRI's advantages on early diagnosing the impair of kidney.Results The SWV value of renal cortex,renal medulla of IgAN group were smaller than that of normal group (P ＜0.05),while the collective system SWV value had no difference(P ＞0.05).According to the ROC curve,the cut-off value of SWV in renal cortex was 2.7 cm/s.The accuracy of the diagnosis was 71 ％,which was better than RI (61.9％).The SWV value of the renal cortex decreased with the different stage of 1,2,3,4,but stage 5 was larger than stage 4.The degree of renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis(T) can be classified by the SWV of renal cortex,and the SWV of T2 was larger than T1 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions By quantifying the elastic change of kidney,ARFI technology is able to distinguish the degree of renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis,diagnose renal impairment early and judge the clinical stages.Furthermore the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of it are superior to hemodynamic.

Objective To investigate the impacts of long cold ischemic preservation time on the ultrastructural changes of donor heart and to provide the data for expanding the heart donor pool. Methods Heart was obtained from brain dead donor and preserved in the the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4℃. Cardiac tissues were harvested at different time points of cold ischemic preservation (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 h) and observed under electron miscroscope. Results Donor heart did not have significant pathologied and ultrastructural changes when cold ischemic preservation time was 6 h. After that, time related impairment of myocardia and endothelium of coronary artery was seen.When ischemic time was longer than 12 h, focal myocardial necrosis and complete loss of the endothelium were detected. Conclusions Myocardial ultrastructure is an important index to evaluate the donor heart quality. Heart, which underwent 10 h of cold ischemia preservation time, causes no significant irreversible and pathological ultrastructural changes, and could be used for heart transplantation. When ischemia time was over 10 h, the donor heart presented with irreversible change and was nolonger unsuitable for transplantation.

Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Transfection

Objective To summarize the outcomes and clinical experience of orthotopic heart transplantations in Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital.Methods From May 2000 through October 2005,141 patients,101 males and 40 females,diagnosed as having dilated cardiomyopathy in 118,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2,restrictive cardiomyopathy in 2,end-stage ischemic heart disease in 9, primary malignant cardiac tumor in 4,valvular heart disease in 3 and others in 3,underwent orthotopic heart(transplantations) at our center.The operative procedures included 120 bicaval anastomotic cardiac transplantations,19 conventional Stanford orthotopic cardiac transplantations and 2 total heart transplantations.The immunosuppressive therapy strategies included Cyclosporine A or tacrolimus,corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil.For the latest 28 patients,induction therapy with Daclizumab was applied.Results There were 3 operative deaths with an operative survival of 97.9 %.During the follow-up from 1 month to 65 months,the actuarial survival rate was 90.8 % after 1 year,84.6 % after 3 year and 81.4 % after 5 year.Acute rejection,infections,graft failure and metastasis of primary cardiac tumor were the main causes of death in the 1st postoperative year,while acute rejection and graft coronary vasculopathy were the leading causes of death thereafter.Postoperative complications included acute rejection,infections,renal dysfunction and graft failure.Conclusions Orthotopic heart transplantation was proved to be a reliable choice for endstage heart disease with excellent outcomes.More attention should be paid to surveillance and management of acute rejection, infections and graft coronary vasculopathy in the long-term follow-up.

Objective To investigate the effect of paclitaxel on the intimal proliferation in rat aortic allografts and the possible mechanism on preventing graft arteriosclerosis.Methods Thirty-two inbred(Wista)r rats and 16 SD rats were divided into three groups:the isografts control group(Wistar/Wistar),the(allografts) control group ((Wistar)/SD) and test group(Wistar/SD) randomly(16 rats each groups).The rat abdominal aortic allograft model was used.The rats in test group were treated with paclitaxel after operation and those in control group with(0.9 %) normal saline.The grafts were removed and measured by means of pathology and immunohistochemistry 30 days later.Results The results showed that the thickness of the(aortic) intima,the degree of inflammatory cells infiltration in adventitia,stenosis ratio and the expression of(PCNA) were decreased in test group as compared with the allografts control group.Conclusions Paclitaxel can inhibit intimal proliferation in aortic allografts and prevent the graft arteriosclerosis.The mechanism is related to inhibition of vascular smooth(muscle) cell proliferation and alleviation of aortic allografts rejection.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of plasma fetal DNA level in preeclampsia.Methods Thirty cases of pregnant women with preeclampsia(at 33 weeks and 3 days) and 30 cases of normal pregnant women(at 34 weeks and 3 days) were selected.All the pregnant women carried a male fetus by B-ultrasound,and were sampled at gestational 20 weeks,third trimester and at 1 hour,3 hours,6 hours after delivery.SRY levels in maternal blood were quantitated by polymerase chain reaction(QF-PCR).The endotheliotoxin(ET) level was measured with RIA.Results (1) Mean fetal DNA level of patients with preeclampsia at 20 weeks of gestation was(316?61)copy/ml.They were(266?79)copy/ml,(396?91)copy/ml,(165?43) copy/ml for light and severe preeclampsia women and normal pregnant women,respectively.Maternal blood fetal DNA levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia at 20-weeks of gestation were significantly higher than those normal pregnant women(P

With the increasing incidence and prevalence of male sexual dysfunction, andrologists are more and more in need of accurate and efficient tools to assess therapeutic efficacy and patients' satisfaction and to help patients achieve satisfactory treatment results. This article summarizes some of the most commonly used questionnaires for the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment of male sexual dysfunction, including International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE), Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), Aging Male Symptoms Scale (AMS), Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM), and Symptomatic Inventory for Screening Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Males (SILOH), and presents an overview on their clinical application.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

green light(480 nm).