Since the implementation of the Trial Measures of Degrees in Clinical Medicine in 1998,the application for clinical M.D.degree for in-service doctors has been considered as way of continued education for medical practitioners.To guarantee the quality of this education mode,Peking University Health Science Center adopted measures and achieved outcomes that are parallel to that of full-time M.D.programs.-service doctors at,This paper introduces the experience of PUHSC and proposes measures for MD program of in-service doctors in terms of quality control,informatization,etc..

Chinese universities have similar requirement for the Doctor of Science Degree.The evaluation of the quality of doctoral education in basic science is generally based on the publication of SCI papers,which presents problems in addition to its appropriateness.With the development of society and the increasing demand for higher education,we need to explore various ways to promote the quality of doctoral education.

Objective To investigate the application of “top-down” method in assessment of measurement uncertainty of bio-chemical detection indicators .Methods The assessment data of internal quality control and external quality and “top-down”method were used to assess the precision and accuracy of 26 biochemical indicators ,and the two variables above were combined to calculate the measurement uncertainty .Results Uncertainty of 18 biochemical indicators was compatible with the target uncertainty ,ac-counting for approximately 69 .2% of all assessment projects .Five indicators ,such as TBIL ,albumin ,CK ,calcium and magnesium , was not compatible with the target uncertainty ,accounting for approximately 19 .2% of all assessment projects .Conclusion The“top-down” method is effective and feasible for assessment of measurement uncertainty of biochemical detection indicators .

Objective To study the influence of cognitive behavioral intervention on the quality of marriage and family function in patients with depression. Methods 146 hospitalized patients with depression were divided into study group and control group according to the set sequence. The study group were given cognitive behavioral intervention and the control group were given routine nursing.All patients were assessed by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), family functioning (FAD), marriage quality questionnaire (ENRICH) to evaluate the depression and family function. Results The difference in ENRICH total score, marital satisfaction, conflict resolution, children and marriage, leisure activities and the relationship with family and friends,FAD total score, problem solving, emotional response was statistically significant between before and after the intervention of the study group ( <0.05) . In the 6th weeks, the difference in ENRICH total score, marital satisfaction, conflict resolution methods, children and marriage,leisure activities and the relationship with family and friends, FAD total score, problem solving,emotional response was statistically significant between the two groups ( <0.05);The difference in HAMD,HAMA score was statistically significant between the 0th and 6 th weeks of the two groups ( <0.05) . There was a negative correlation between HAMA and conflict resolution factor (=-0.48, <0.05) . There was a positive correlation between FAD and the HAMD total score (=0.43,<0.05) . There was a negative correlation between ENRICH and HAMD total scores (r=-0.46, <0.05) .Conclusion The cognitive behavioral intervention can improve the family function and the quality of marriage in patients with depression.

Objective To reconstruct tissue-engineered uterine patch similar to native endometrium and myotrium. Methods The purified rabbit uterine smooth muscle cells and stromal cells were mixed with liquid type Ⅰ collagen, and laid on mold respectively. Then the collagen-embedded cells were combined to create a cell complex, epithelial cells were inoculated on top of the complex, histological and immunohistochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the engineered uterine tissue. Results The engineered uterine tissues (EUTs) were reconstructed with isolated and cultured uterine smooth muscle cells, stromal cells and epithelial cells. After cultured for 14 days, histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the smooth muscle cells and stromal cells in the EUTs distributed evenly in the two layers and the majority of the cells, with elongated nuclei, stretched along the stretching direction. The morphology of EUTs resembled that of the native uterine tissue. In scanning electron microscopy, some epithelial cells protruded pinopodes. The surface of epithelial cells was covered abundantly with microvilli and some cells were ciliated. Conclusion Uterine smooth muscle cells and stromal cells were mixed with Liquid type Ⅰcollagen respectively, and epithelial cells were inoculated on top of the complex for generation of EUTs similar to the native uterine tissue.

To observe the influence of different concentrations of sevoflurane on blood brain barrier permeability in rats, thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (without general anesthetics), 1 MAC sevoflurane and 1.5 MAC sevoflurane groups (maintaining end expiratory concentration to 2.2% and 3.3% respectively for 1 hour). Before the end of the experiment, 2% Evans′ blue dye (EB, 3ml/kg) was intravenously injected. The range and areas of EB staining on the surface and standardized serial coronal section of the brain were assessed. The brain was also observed under the light microscope and electron microscope. The results indicated that sevoflurane at both concentrations did not increase the permeability of BBB to EB and lanthanum, and there were no significant changes in morphological features of central nervous system after inhalation of sevoflurane.

Objective To observe the effects of propofol or thiopental on the changes of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in focal cerebral ischemia Methods Focal cerebral ischemia model was induced with occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA) Sixty adult male SD rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: control group(group MC): without any anesthetics; propofol pretreated group (group MP1) or thiopental pretreated group (group MT1): intravenous bolus of propofol 20mg/kg or thiopental 40mg/kg, followed by intravenous infusion of propofol or thiopental at rate of 50 60 mg?kg 1 ?h 1 or 100 120 mg?kg 1 ?h 1 ,respectively ,to achieve and maintain the EEG burst suppression 30 min before MCA occlusion until the beginning of reperfusion; propofol therapy group (group MP2) or thiopental therapy group (group MT2): from the beginning to the end of the reperfusion , propofol or thiopental was administered at the same dose as group MP1 or group MT1; Blood pressure, P ET CO 2, ECG and EEG were monitored throughout the experiment Rectal temperature was maintained between 37 5℃ and 38 5℃ At the end of the experiment, after intravenous bolus of 2% evans blue dye(EB) 3ml/kg, the brain was taken out to check out the extends and areas of EB staining on the surface and standardized serial coronal sections of the brain ,under the optical microscope and electromicroscope Results 1 Both propofol groups did not alleviate BBB permeability changes and cerebral damage 2 Cerebral injury was most slightly in group MT1 3 BBB permeability and brain injury in group MT2 were slighter than those in group MC and MP1, MP2 Conclusions Thiopental at the dose maintaining EEG burst suppressioncan can reduce the brain injury induced with ischemia and reperfusion, with the better protective effects following the prophylactic administration Propofol at that dose can not improve the cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; chemically induced ; Female ; Male ; Platelet Activating Factor ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulfalene ; toxicity ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; toxicity

Objective To explore the effect of cognitive behavior intervention on the defense style of patients with depression. Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with depression in hospitalized were divided into study group and control group according to the set sequence. The study group and the control group were given cognitive behavioral intervention and routine nursing, respectively. All patients were assessed by Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) . Results The differences of conceal type and positive coping factor were significantly before and after intervention in the study group ( < 0.05) . In the 6th week, the differences of conceal type and positive coping factor were significantly between the two groups ( < 0.05) . The differences of HAMD and HAMA scores were significantly between the 0 th and 6 th weeks of the two groups ( <0.05) . There was negatively correlated between HAMD and positive coping factor ( <0.05) . There were positively correlated between HAMD and the cover up defense mode ( <0.05),HAMA and the cover up defense mode ( <0.05) . Conclusion The cognitive behavior intervention could improve the depression and anxiety symptoms and defense style in patients with depression.