Objective The Hilbert- Huang transformation (HHT) method was introduced to process the bio-impedance gastric motility signals from subjects.Methods Nonlinear and non-stationary original gastric motility series were decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode function (1MF) components by the empirical mode decomposition method (EMD).Hilbert transformation was carried out then and instantaneous frequency was extracted effectively.Gastric motility signal among 0.03-0.06 Hz was reconstructed from the IMF.Results The results suggested that HHT was a new and applicable time series analysis method based on mode decomposition and could extract impedance signal and remove the disturbances such as blood flow and breathing.Conclusion The new adaptive mode decomposition-based signal processing method provides a new method to investigate clinical gastric motility information.

Objective To investigate the risk factors on children with coronary artery lesions (CAL) secondary to Kawasaki di-sease(KD). Methods One hundred and forty - five patients with KD from January 1999 to December 2001 were collected. Among them, 93 cases without CAL and 52 cases with CAL. The test results, therapeutic methods and prognosis were analyzed in two groups. Results The duration of fever was longer and mean value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) higher in group with CAL than those m the group without CAL(P0.05).The incidence of CAL was 18.8% (18/96) in patients of IVIG treatment within 10 days from onset, and 69.4% (34/49) in patients without IVIG treatment (P

Objective To study the clinical significance and the expression of Twist protein in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The expression of Twist protein was examined in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 61 NSCLC by S-P immunohistochemical method.Results The expression level of Twist in NSCLC was significantly higher than that of normal lung tissue;the positive expression of Twist protein was related to the histotype,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis;the expression level of Twist protein in the cases whose survival time was less than 4 years was significantly higher than that in the cases whose survival time more than 4 years;the Cox analysis revealed that smoking and lymph node metastasis were the noticeable affective factors on the death of the NSCLC patients after surgery.Conclusion s Twist gene played an important role in the genesis and development of NSCLC,and was related to the prognosis.

According to the multi-information characteristic of pulse tracings in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the dynamic analysis and identification technique of sonogram,the multi-information detection system of pulse examination was constructed by combining B-type ultrasound and flexible transducer.It made information integration of supersonic dynamic image,pressure pulse wave,photoelectric capacity pulse wave and electrocardiogram,and though the aggregate analysis of computer information processing technique,established the pulse tracings signature analysis method,formed optimized solving scheme for describing the four attributes("location,velocity,shape and potential") of pulse examination in TCM.From the multi-information data of healthy people's pulse tracings collected by this system,it can be infer that the new method of objectification of pulse examination referred in this article is feasible,and have gain the prospective effect.It provides a new method and characteristic data for the clinical study of objectification of pulse examination and teaching of TCM.

Objective To study the phase correlation of cutaneous multichannel impedance measurements and the contractions, peristalsis of stomach and the conduction properties in space.Methods A spiral gastric body model was rotated to simulate shrinkage and creep of the stomach.In order to verify the feasibility and validity of the multichannel impedance gastric dynamic measurement, experiments with emulation of multichannel impedance gastric motility measuring principle were conducted through three-dimensional simulation on the electrical characteristics of gastric body model in saline tank simulator.Results The emulation results showed that the change of epigastric current density and potential distribution is consistent with the course of moving from top to bottom when lateral edge of model (namely the intumescent location when the stomach is full) after detecting electrodes in sequence.Meanwhile, the measurement voltage wave forms clearly showed the contraction location of stomach after the model rotating for three cycles in a row, and the phase relationship between adjacent measurement channels was also measured.The sixty seconds data acquired by the experiment device proved that voltage wave form of three measurement channels corresponded to the phase relationship of movement status of the gastric body model.Conclusions Cutaneous multichannel wave forms prove a cyclical movement of stomach, and phase difference among the multichannel signals relating to speed of peristaltic wave, position of the measuring electrodes and channel spacing, etc.This study provides simulation and experimental basis for explanation of quantitative study of conduction properties in space and phase relationship between the results of surface multichannel impedance measurements and the contractions, peristalsis of stomach.

Objective To verify the effectiveness of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with multi-layer electrodes in gastric emptying measurement by simulation experiments using EIT with three-layer electrodes.Methods Firstly,EIT system with three-layer electrodes and gastric emptying measurement simulation equipment was designed and constructed to simulate gastric emptying process and obtain EIT reconstruction images.Secondly,the region where the electrical characteristic of gastric changes was selected as region of interest.Finally,the relative impedance change rate in region of interest for every image obtained from all three layers was consecutively recorded,then the gastric emptying curve was formed and gastric emptying time was calculated.Results There are obvious differences among the sharp of impedance change curves of interested region for three layers,and the gastric emptying time and process of each layer is also different from one another.It is suggested that the passing path and emptying manner of food in gastric emptying process reflected by EIT images varied from layer to layer.Therefore,the necessity and feasibility of using EIT with three-layer electrodes in gastric emptying measurement study is verified.Conclusions EIT with three-layer electrodes can provide more abundant information of gastric motility function associated with gastric emptying pathology and physiology state.It is likely to be a noninvasive,convenient and effective imaging method for the detection and evaluation research on gastric emptying and gastric motility.

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Objective Practical electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system with certain measurement resolution (MR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) differs a lot from ideal simulation conditions in EIT methodology research. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of practical system with different MR and SNR on EIT. Methods Based on the ideal simulation boundary voltages of adjacent excitation and adjacent measurement pattern, practical systems whose MR were 0.1 mV and 0.01 mV, SNR ranged from 40-80 dB and no noises were simulated, simulation study for three imaging models A, B and C with different positions in the to-be imaged field under practical system conditions above was carried out using the combined Tikhonov-NOSER regularization algorithm, and error of reconstruction (ER) function and structure similarity (SSIM) function were adopted for quantitative evaluation of image effect. Results There are differences between images obtained under different MR and SNR for different image models. In order to obtain images for three models, SNR of system should be at least 40-50 dB when MR was 0.01 mV. For the goal to obtain high quality images of A, B and C, SNR should be 80, 70 and 60 dB respectively. When MR was 0.1 mV, SNR for obtaining images of A, B, C were 60, 50 and 40 dB. Moreover, the improvement of images with increasing SNR under MR of 0.1 mV was not as obvious as that of MR at 0.01 mV. Conclusions Blind pursuit of single high SNR is of no help to improve system performance and image reconstruction effect except increasing the difficulties in hardware design. The extremity SNR is 50-60 dB for system with MR of 0.01 mV and 60-70 dB for system with MR of 0.1 mV.

BACKGROUNDL-glutamate (L-GLU) is a major neurotransmitter in the nucleus ambiguus (NA), which can modulate respiration, arterial pressure, heart rate, etc. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of L-GLU microinjected into NA on gastric motility in rats.

METHODSA latex balloon connected with a pressure transducer was inserted into the pylorus through the forestomach for continuous recording of the gastric motility. The total amplitude, total duration, and motility index of gastric contraction waves within 5 minutes before microinjection and after microinjection were measured.

RESULTSL-GLU (5 nmol, 10 nmol and 20 nmol in 50 nl normal saline (PS) respectively) microinjected into the right NA significantly inhibited gastric motility, while microinjection of physiological saline at the same position and the same volume did not change the gastric motility. The inhibitory effect was blocked by D-2-amino-5-phophonovalerate (D-AP5, 5 nmol, in 50 nl PS), the specific N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist, but was not influenced by 6-cyaon-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-(1H,4H)-dione (CNQX) (5 nmol, in 50 nl PS), the non-NMDA ionotropic receptor antagonist. Bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abolished the inhibitory effect by microinjection of L-GLU into NA.

CONCLUSIONSMicroinjection of L-GLU into NA inhibits the gastric motility through specific NMDA receptor activity, not non-NMDA receptor activity, and the efferent pathway is the vagal nerves.

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate ; pharmacology ; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Glutamic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Vagotomy

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effect and action mechanism of regulating spleen-stomach needling on diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODSUsing multi-centric, randomized, controlled and blind principles, 144 cases of DN were divided into an observation group and a control group according to random digital tab, 72 cases in each one. Based on regular treatment of diabetes, the regulating spleen-stomach needling was applied at Zhongwan (CV 12), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4) and Xuehai (SP 10), etc. in the observation group while Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. were selected in the control group by reference of Acupuncture and moxibustion. The treatment was given twice a day, six days as a treatment session with interval of one day between sessions. Totally six weeks were required. Changes of clinical symptoms and signs, fast blood glucose (FBG), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), lymphocyte membrane cholesterol, propanediol (MDA), PCO, 8-hydroxydeoxy guanosine (8-OHdG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ were observed before and after treatment in two groups.

RESULTSAs for improving clinical symptoms and signs, total effective rate was 84.29% (59/70) in the observation group and 55.56% (40/72) in the control group, which had statistical difference between two groups (P<0.01). As for regulating glycometabolism [(6.25 +/- 0.32) mmol/L vs (8.09 +/- 0.63) mmol/L], reducing UAER [(154.43 +/- 55.14) mg/24h vs (268.91 +/- 77.65) mg/24h], restraining over-expression of MCP-1 [(137.59 +/- 36.15) pg/mL vs (166.89 +/- 42.82) pg/mL], regulating level of oxidative stress, prohibiting oxidation of protein and adjusting quantity and activity of T lymphocyte subgroup, the observation group was superior to the control group (P< 0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe regulating spleen-stomach needling is an effective method for treatment of DN, which cold improve glycometabolism disturbance-induced progressive kidney injury, recover glomerular filtration, reduce urinary albumin excretion rate, restrain overexpression of MCP-1, adjust level of oxidative stress, prohibit oxidation of protein, increase protectiveness of membrane, adjust quantity and activity abnormity of T lymphocyte subgroup, leading to repairing lymphocyte damage and improving immune expression to delay kidney damage.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; immunology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; physiopathology