Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cantharidin ; pharmacokinetics ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Swine

AlM: To investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRlN) in retinoblastoma (Rb) and the relationships between MMP-2, EMMPRlN and tumor development.METHODS:lmmunohistochemical technique was used to detect expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in 39 cases of paraffin embedded Rb samples. Quantitative analysis of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were assessed by measuring the mean gray scale of Rb tissue with LElCA lM50 Color Pathologic Analysis System. The differences of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in each clinical and pathological stage were statistically analyzed, and the same step was also undertaken to study the relationship between Rb with MMP-2 positive expression and that with EMMPRlN positive expression.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 90% (Gray value: 109. 64 ± 14. 52; 35/39), and that of EMMPRlN was 85% (Gray value:108. 01±13. 60;33/39). The expressions of MMP - 2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors of glaucomatous stage (Gray value:108. 21±11. 47 and 107. 56±14. 32) than those in intraocular stage ( Gray value: 121. 13 ± 11. 32 and 119. 34 ± 12. 66; P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). And the same conclusion can be concluded between those in extraocular stage (Gray value: 91. 03 ± 11. 71 and 92. 26 ± 12. 93) with those in glaucomatous stage (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion (Gray value:103. 89±13. 39 and 105. 23±14. 00) than those without optic nerve invasion ( Gray value: 118. 39 ± 15. 11 and 117. 53±16. 13) (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The positive expression levels of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN may correlate with tumor infiltration and metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine is widely used to alleviate post-operation pain and cure acute and chronic pain caused by inflammation or cancer.Its analgesic time cannot meet the request that drug is released slowly to prolong the analgesic time in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To detect the alleviating effect of bupivacaine polylactic acid microspheres taking high molecular polymer-polylactic acid as vector in rabbits with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and traditional skin test method.DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled animal experimental study.SETTING: School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLAMATERIALS: Sixteen New Zealand rabbits, weighing (2.58±0.17)kg were used in this experiment.INTERVENTIONS: The experiment was carried out at the Department of pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between September and November 2002. ① Animal models were established according to traditional skin test method. ② Totally 16 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A and Group B, with 8 in each one. 5 mg/kg bupivacaine parenteral solution was injected subcutaneously in Group A, 5 mg/kg bupivacaine polylactic acid microspheres were implanted between subcutaneous tissue and sarcolemma in Group B. We took 1.5 mL blood from ear border vein at 5, 10, 20, 30,45 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after administration of bupivacaine parenteral solution respectively in Group A and another 1.5 mL at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 24, 3 6, 48 and 60 hours after admistration of bupivacaine microsphere powder for index detection. ③ HPLC method was used to detect the concentration and releasing effect of bupivacaine in blood serum.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration change of bupivacaine in blood serum and efficacy diameter of local anesthetic.RESULTS:All the 16 rabbits entered the stage of result analysis. ①Change of bupivacaine concentration: Plasma bupivacaine concentration in Group A reached the peaked quickly after subutaneous injection with the high concentration of 2.466 4 mg/L, then declined quickly. Plasma bupivacaine concentration in Group B was relative stable, reached a peak much slowly after subcutaneous implantation, with peak concentration of 0.778 1 mg/L, and the plasma bupivacaine concentration maintained a relative low level, the mean retention time was obviously prolonged (P ＜ 0.05).② Alleviating effect of bupivacaine: The analgesic time was significantly longer in the bupivacaine microsphere group than in the bupivacaine parenteral solution group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Bupivacaine polylactic acid microspheres have sustained release effects in rabbits.

Aim To observe the effect of astragalosides on proliferation and collagen synthesis of HSC-T6 cells driven using schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen-activated macrophage conditioned medium(SEA-MCM).Methods SEA-MCM was prepared by injection of Schistosoma japonicum SEA via mice peritoneal.The proliferation and collagen synthesis of HSC-T6 cells stimulated with SEA-MCM were measured using MTT colorimetric assay and()~3H-proline incorporation respectively.Results The proliferation and collagen production of HSC-T6 cells were significantly promoted by SEA-MCM.They were significantly suppressed after being treated with AST(32.5、65、130 mg?L~(-1)) showing concentration-dependent effect.Conclusion:Astragalosides may inhibit HSC-T6 cells proliferation and collagen production that was driven by SEA activated MCM in vitro.

To analyze the composition regularity of prescriptions containing Scutellaria baicalensis in Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China--Chinese Patent Medicines and Preparations on the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS), in order to provide reference for new drug R&D. the platform's software V2.0 was applied to establish a database of prescriptions containing S. baicalensis. The software's statistical statement module, association rules and improved mutual information method and other data mining technologies were adopted to analyze commonly used drugs, combination rules and core combination of S. baicalensis prescriptions. Having analyzed 477 prescriptions containing S. baicalensis, the researchers summarized 45 most commonly used drug combinations, whose ingredients mostly had functions of heat-clearing and damp-drying, purging fire for removing toxin and hemostasis. Drugs adopted in core combinations were relatively concentrated and selected according to definite composition methods. There were 23 diseases that S. baicalensis were most frequently applied in the treatment. Having compared three highly frequent diseases--cold, cough and dizziness, the researchers concluded that S. baicalensis could show different therapeutic effects through different combination ratios. Therefore, TCMISS (V2.0) is an important tool in analyzing the composition regularity of traditional Chinese medicines. The longitudinal and parallel comparison method is an effective method for studying the clinical composition regularity of S. baicalensis, while providing reference for new drug R&D.
China ; Drug Compounding ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; therapeutic use ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the surgical outcomes in octogenarians and older of gastric cancer and to identify the reasonable therapy for these patients.Methods From Jan 2000 to Dec 2010,the clinicopathological data of 533 patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were analyzed retrospectively.We conducted comparative analysis for the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between 80 years and older (≥80 y,n =75) and younger (＜ 80 y,n =458).Results There were significant differences in comorbidities,anemia and histological type between the two groups.There was no significant difference in operative morbidity and mortality between the two groups.The 5-year survival rate for octogenarians was lower (21.1％) than nonoctogenarians (32.8％),but with no significant difference.TNM stage was the only independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer in octogenarians.Conclusions Older gastric cancer patients have comparative postoporative complication rate and survival with younger patients.

Adolescent ; Antigens, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus ; immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; diagnosis ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Phosphoproteins ; blood ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; blood

AIMTo investigate the inhibitory effect of the deep peroneal nerve (DPN) on the cardiovascular responses induced by excitation of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and the role of central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) in this effect.

METHODSCeA was injected by L-glutamate or Kainic acid (KA). The femoral arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate (HR) of SD rats were recorded while PVN or DPN was electrically stimulated.

RESULTSIt showed that MAP increased when PVN was activated by electrical stimulation. Stimulating contralateral DPN inhibited this pressor response. Ten minutes after microinjection of KA(0.02 mol/L, 100 nl) into ipsilateral CeA, MAP increased for (13.8 +/- 3.2) mmHg when PVN was stimulated. Microinjection of KA into CeA could not only reduce the pressor response elicited by stimulation of PVN for (6.6 +/- 1.6) mmHg (P < 0.05), but also the inhibitory effect of DPN from 51.5% to 32.0% .

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that central nucleus of amygdala partly mediate the central pressor response induced by stimulation of PVN. The neurons in central nucleus of amygdala are involved in the inhibitory effect of DPN on the above pressor response.

Afferent Pathways ; Amygdala ; physiology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Central Nervous System ; physiology ; Hypothalamus ; physiology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; physiology ; Peroneal Nerve ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: Acetabular malignant tumor reconstruction is to obtain pelvic stability and lower limb walking function to excise the tumor at safe margin.Excision range has been evaluated by MRI,CT,X-ray,which are subjective and lack preoperative design.Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction can evaluate tumor erosion range from all planes to accurately excise the tumor.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of computer aided design in the treatment of acetabular malignant tumor.METHODS: One case with acetabular hemangiosarcoma was checked with lamellar CT scanning,which acquired some two-dimensional data in disease area.The three-dimensional reconstruction of anatomical model,design of cutting bone extent,design of individual prosthesis and sham operation were made by computer.Based on computer aided design proposal,acetabular tumor was resected,pelvic ring and right hip articulation were reconstructed with allogeneic semi-pelvis and individual total hip replacement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patient began to non-weight bearing walk with double crutches 2 months after operation.At6 months,the patient walked normally.The right hip joint motion was good with no pain.Postoperative X-ray film displayed individual prosthesis matched to pelvis.The patient fell a little numbness of skin in the lateral of right hip.No phlebothrombosis,prosthesis loosening or dislocation was found.Computer aided design has a good perspective of application in the treatment of acetabular malignant tumor.Individualized treatment can improve operation accuracy,reliability,convenience and curative effect.

AIMTo determine the role of area postrema (AP) of rabbit in the regulation of cardiovascular function.

METHODSThe rabbits were anesthetized with intravenous injection of 10% urethane and 1% chloralose, and were artificially ventilated. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed when AP was electrically stimulated with different frequency (10 Hz -80 Hz) and after chemical lesion of CVLM or RVLM, respectively.

RESULTSElectrical stimulation of AP with low frequency (10 Hz, 20 Hz) decreased MAP and HR. Stimulation with high frequency(60 Hz, 80 Hz) increased MAP but decreased HR. The changes in MAP and HR were significantly lower (P < 0.01) after CVLM was destroyed when electrical stimulation of AP with 20 Hz, and both changes of MAP and HR were disappeared (P < 0.01) after RVLM was destroyed when electrical stimulation with 20 and 80 Hz.

CONCLUSIONElectrical stimulation of AP with low frequency decreases MAP and HR, stimulation with high frequency induces an increase in MAP and decreases in HR. The former is probably related to excitation of CVLM, the cardiovascular effects induced by different frequency of electrical stimulation are all resulted from the activation of RVLM.

Animals ; Area Postrema ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Blood Pressure ; radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation ; Heart Rate ; radiation effects ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Rabbits