BackgroundThe favorable effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the reconstruction of injured corneas have been reported,but the mechanism remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic effect after transplantation of BMSCs in chemically burned corneas.Methods BMSCs were isolated and extracted from the bone marrow.The cells were cultured and passaged and then were seeded on the amniotic membrane.Corneal alkali injury models were created in 18 clean SD rats by sticking the filter paper containing 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 40 seconds.The rats were then randomized into 3 groups.Amniotic membrane with BMSCs or amniotic membrane without BMSCs were transplanted in 1 week after the establishment of models,and the rats without transplantation were used as the control group.The severity of corneal lesion was graded,and angiogenesis area was measured 2 weeks after the transplantation.The expression of interleukin-2 ( IL-2 ),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β ) were examined by ELISA,and the mRNA of the matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),epidermal growth factor(EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) were analyzed by real-time PCR.ResultsThe positive rates of the cells were 99.78％ and 99.79％ for CD90 and CD29,7.90％,1.16％ and 1.28％ for CD34,CD45 and CDllba.The cells grew well on the amniotic membrane.The corneal inflammatory score and neovascularization area were similar among the three groups ( F =0.021,P-- 0.979 ; F =0.076,P =0.927 ).However,the corneal inflammatory score was significantly reduced and neovascularization area was significantly less in the amniotic membrane group compared with the BMSCs group and control group(P=0.011,0.001 ;P=0.005,0.000).The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ secreted by Th1 cells were decreased (P =0.000,0.002;P =0.003,0.045 ) and the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β secreted by Th2 cells were increased in the BMSCs group compared with the amniotic membrane and control group ( P =0.000,0.000 ; P =0.000,0.021 ).No significant difference was found in VEGF expression among three groups( F=4.880,P =0.056).But the mRNA of the MMP-2 and bFGF were lower in the BMSCs group than the amniotic membrane group(P=0.009,0.003 ) and control group(P＜0.01 ).Conclusions BMSCs modulate the expression of inflammatory-related and angiogenic-related cytokines and therefore play the antiinflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects in the chemically burned cornea.

Background and purpose:P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) signal transduction pathway is involved in occurrence, development and transfer process in a wide variety of tumors. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the clinical signiifcance of the P38MAPK signaling pathway and the expression of uPA in ovarian cancer.Methods:The expressions of uPA, P38MAPK, ERK and AKT were detected in 49 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of uPA and P38MAPK were detected by Western blot in ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910, HO-8910PM, SKOV3 and CAOV3. The changes of uPA and P38MAPK were detected by SB203580, a speciifc inhibitor of P38MAPK signal transduction pathway.Results:The result of immunohistochemical method showed that positive expression rates for uPA, P38MAPK, ERK and AKT were 61.22%, 57.14%, 53.06% and 55.10%, respectively. The expression of the uPA was positively correlated with the P38MAPK (r=0.865,P=0.001), and related with clinicopathologic stage, differentiated degree, lymph node metastasis, but not related with age and histologic type (P>0.05). The expressions of AKT and ERK were related with the lymph node metastasis and greater omentum metastasis(P<0.05), but not related with age and histologic type (P>0.05). The expression of uPA in HO-8910PM was higher than that in ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910, SKOV3 and CAOV3, and the expression of uPA reduced when the P38MAPK signal transduction pathway was cut off by the SB203580. The expressions of P38MAPK and uPA were negatively correlated with the prognosis of ovarian cancer (Log-rank=3.897 and 11.044,P=0.048 and 0.001). Conclusion:The P38MAPK signal transduction pathway was activated in ovarian cancer. The activated P38MAPK signal transduction pathway can raise the expression of uPA, which may contribute to the development of ovarian cancer. The result indicates that the P38MAPK signal transduction pathway and uPA might play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. P38MAPK and uPA might be useful markers for evaluating prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Objective To observe the expression of Na+/I- symporter(NIS) in cultured lactating mammary cells with different levels of iodine and the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Methods Original generation of mouse lactating mammary cells cultured in vitro were divided into low iodine group Ⅰ (LI-Ⅰ), low iodine group Ⅱ (LI-Ⅱ), adequate iodine group(AI), high iodine group Ⅰ(HI-Ⅰ), and high iodine group Ⅱ(HI-Ⅱ). Cells were cultured in DEME/F12 culture medium for 24 h with different concentrations of iodine (0,5,50,3000 and 10 000 μg/L, respectively), and TNF-α( 10-2 mg/L) was added to some of cultured cells for 24 h. The expression of NIS mRNA of lactating mammary cells was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and the expression of NIS protein was detected by In-Cell Western. Results In iodine alone group, the expression of NIS mRNA in LI-Ⅰ group [ (64.66 ± 14.99) x 10-4] was higher than that of AI group[ (22.76 ± 7.36) × 10-4, P ＜ 0.01 ]; HI-I group[ (10.18 ±3.53) × 10-4] and HI-Ⅱ group[ (8.59 ± 2.89) × 10-4] were lower than that of AI group(all P ＜ .0.05); With increased iodine concentration, the expression of NIS mRNA decreased. The expression of NIS mRNA in LI-Ⅰ group [(2.72 ± 0.45) × 10-4], LI-Ⅱ group[ (2.69 ± 0.68) × 10-4] and AI group[(1.80 ± 0.67) × 10-4] with iodine plus TNF-o were all lower than that of LI-Ⅰ group, LI-Ⅱ group[ (29.82 ± 4.47 ) × 10-4], and AI group without TNF-α (all P ＜ 0.01). In iodine plus TNF-α, the expression of NIS mRNA in HI-Ⅰ group[(6.58 ± 2.87) × 10-4] and HI-Ⅱ[(7.04 ± 1.36) × 10-4] group were all higher than that of AI group(all P ＜ 0.05); With increased iodine deficiency or iodine excess, the expression of NIS mRNA increased. With increased iodine concentration, the expression of NIS protein decreased in iodine alone group. The expression of NIS protein in iodine plus TNF-α was all lower than that in iodine alone group. In iodine plus TNF-α, the expression of NIS protein increased in both iodine deficiency and iodine excess conditions. Conclusions Iodine may decrease the expression of NIS mRNA and protein of lactating mammary cells. The expression of NIS mRNA and protein of lactating mammary cells was inhibited by TNF-α under different levels of iodine.

ObjectiveTo study the morphological and functional changes of thyroid in lactating rats and their offspring in iodine deficiency and iodine excess animal models.MethodsOne hundred and twenty Wistar rats(30 males and 90 females) were selected.Based on their body weight,the 90 females were stratified and randomly divided into five groups( 18 in each group):low iodine group 1 and group 2(fed with low iodine feed and deionized water containing iodine of 0,5 μg/L) ; high iodine group 1,group 2 and control group(feed with normal diet and deionized water containing iodine of 3000,10 000,50 μg/L).After fed for 3 month,all female rats were mated with males in a ratio of 3 ∶ 1.After birth for 10 days,8 female rats and their offspring in each group were sacrificed.Changes of thyroid were observed by naked eyes.The thyroid weight was measured and pathological changes of thyroids were observed under light microscope.Results①Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats thyroid in low iodine group 1 and group 2 [ (92.02 ± 24.40 ),(77.11 ± 23.32 )mg,(0.509 ± 0.072),(0.384 ± 0.089) mg/kg] were much higher than that of control group[ (17.41 ± 9.25)mg,(0.102 ± 0.016)mg/kg,all P＜ 0.05].Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats thyroid in high iodine group 1 and group 2[(8.22 ± 0.41 ),(9.42 ±0.43)mg,(0.047 ± 0.006),(0.035 ± 0.005)mg/kg] were lower than that of control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats and their offspring thyroid was decreased with increase of iodide intake in the diet.②Thyroid enlargement of lactating rats in low iodine group 1 and group 2 was evident,but that of high iodine group 1 and group 2 was not.③Epithelial cell hyperplasia and smaller follicular cavity were observed in low iodine group 1 and group 2 under light microscope.Epithelial cell deformation and mostly flat were observed in high iodine group 1 and group 2.ConclusionsThyroid morphology is changed with iodide intake in the lactating rats and their offspring,and the changes are consistent between female rats and their newborns.

Chemical constituents of Inula japonica were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies, over silica gel, and Toyopearl HW-40, and preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectral data analysis, including NMR and MS data, the structures of the isolates were elucidated and their anti-inflammatory activities were assayed. Fifteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of I. japonica, and their structures were elucidated as dihydrosyringenin (1), (3S, 5R, 6S, 7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), (6R, 7E) -9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (3), arnidiol (4), taraxasterol acetate (5), 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (6), taxifolin (7), luteolin (8), napetin (9), eupatin (10), spinacetin (11), quercetin (12), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (13), caffeic acid (14), and caffeoyl acetate (15). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 13 and 15 were isolated from the genus Inula for the first time, and compounds 3, 4, 9-11 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity result showed that compounds 3, 6-12 and 14 exhibited inhibition effect against leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthesis and degranulation definitely in c-Kit Ligand (KL) induced mast cells, and compound 8 and 12 also had the suppression effect against lipopolysacharide(LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. It is firstly reported that compounds 7 and 9-11 possessed potent inhibition activities against LTC4 generation and degranulation in mast cells.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Inula ; chemistry ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; Mast Cells ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Background More and more evidences suggest that the interaction of retinal progression of retinal diseases.Objective Present study was to investigate the primarily cultured and digested using explant culture method and trypsas acidic protein(GFAP) staining,S-100 staining and cytokine-18 staining co-cultured under the normoxia and hypoxia using transwell chamber,and the proliferation and migration of cultured RPE cells were examined using MTT and compared with only RPE cells cultured group at 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours.Results Over 90% of primarily cultured RPE cells showed the positive response for S-100.The proliferation and migration of RPE cells were significantly increased in hypoxia condition compared with normoxia condition (P＜0.01).In hypoxia group,amount of proliferation and migration of RPE cells in co-culture group were higher than the only RPE cells cultured group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Hypoxia appear to aggravate the proliferation and migration of RPE cells under the hypoxia status.

Aim of this article was to investigate relationship between inflammatory pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the TCM pathogenetic theory of Shen-Collateral impaired by Toxin, and to illustrate the method for removing toxin, activating collateral and protecting Shen can be an effective treatment for inhibiting the inflammatory pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Chemokine CCL2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; complications ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Phytotherapy

Flavonoids are natural products that are ubiquitous in the natural world, with wide physiological activities and low toxic and side effects. In recent years, their anti-tumor effect has caused widespread concern and studies. According to the findings, flavonoids have prominent effects in preventing and treating lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, leukemia, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer and so on. Their anti-tumor mechanisms mainly include anti-oxidation, anti-free radical, induction of apoptosis of cancer cells, impact on cell cycle, immune regulation, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, inhibition of COX-2, inhibition of telomerase activity and so on. This article focuses on the advance in domestic and foreign studies on anti-cancer activity and mechanism of flavonoids, in order to provide theoretical basis and research ideas for the further development and clinical application of flavonoids.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans

Clove oil and turmeric oil were absorbed by mesoporous carbon. The absorption ratio of mesoporous carbon to volatile oil was optimized with the eugenol yield and curcumol yield as criteria Curing powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorietry (DSC). The effects of mesoporous carbon on dissolution in vitro and thermal stability of active components were studied. They reached high adsorption rate when the absorption ratio of mesoporous carbon to volatile oil was 1:1. When volatile oil was absorbed, dissolution rate of active components had a little improvement and their thermal stability improved after volatile oil was absorbed by the loss rate decreasing more than 50%. Absorbing herbal volatile oil with mesoporous carbon deserves further studying.
Adsorption ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; methods ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry

BACKGROUND:S100B protein in patients with cardiac arrest, hemorrhagic shock and other causes of global cerebral ischemic injury will be dramatically increased. Ischemic brain injury may elevate the level of serum S100B protein and the severity of brain damage.METHODS:This article is a critical and descriptive review on S100B protein in serum after ischemic brain injury. We searched Pubmed database with key words or terms such as "S100B protein", "cardiac arrest", "hemorrhagic shock" and "ischemia reperfusion injury" appeared in the last five years.RESULTS:S100B protein in patients with cardiac arrest, hemorrhagic shock and other causes of ischemic brain injury will be dramatically increased. Ischemic brain injury elevated the level of serum S100B protein, and the severity of brain damage.CONCLUSION:The level of S100B protein in serum is elevated after ischemic brain injury, but its mechanism is unclear.